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Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin t. Mor.n Michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

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Does a lar.e pr.state size, small lesion volume, or.long needle distance fr.m the pr.be to the lesion r.duce magnetic r.sonance imaging-tar.eted cancer.detection?

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CUr.ENt Ur.LOGY 2024年第2期18卷 144-147页

作者： Bevill, Mar. D. Dr.bish, Justin N. Flynn, Kevin J. r.jput, Maheen Metz, Cather.ne t.acy, chad r. Gellhaus, Paul t. Univ Iowa Carver Coll Med Dept Urol 3 Roy Carver Pavilion Iowa City IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa Carver Coll Med Dept Radiol Iowa City IA USA

Backgr.undWe aimed to evaluate whether.lar.e pr.state size, small lesion volume, or.long lesion distance fr.m the ultr.sound pr.be tip would decr.ase cancer.detection in tr.nsr.ctal magnetic r.sonance imaging (Mr.)-tar.eted *** and methodsPatients who under.ent Mr.-tar.eted biopsy at our.institution between May 2017 and August 2019 wer. enr.lled in a pr.spective database. thr.e to 5 cor.s wer. obtained fr.m >= 2 pr.state imaging r.por.ing and data system v2 lesions. A multivar.able model was cr.ated that included needle distance to the lesion, pr.state specific antigen, pr.state imaging r.por.ing and data system, lesion volume, and pr.state *** total of 377 patients with 533 lesions under.ent a biopsy dur.ng the study per.od. A total of 233 (44%) lesions wer. positive for.pr.state cancer. and 173 (32%) lesions had clinically significant pr.state cancer. the mean needle distance to the lesion was 11.7 mm (inter.uar.ile r.nge, 7.6-15.5 mm). the likelihood of obtaining a positive cor. on biopsy decr.ased as the distance fr.m the ultr.sound pr.be incr.ased for.all pr.state cancer. and clinically significant pr.state cancer.(p = 0.018 and p = 0.004, r.spectively). Ever. 10 mm fr.m the r.ctum, ther. was an 8%-10% decr.ase in the r.te of cancer.detection. Similar.y, as the pr.state volume incr.ased, the odds of obtaining a positive cor. also decr.ased (p = 0.039). ther. was no significant association between the lesion size and amount of cancer.obtained on *** data showed that tr.nsr.ctal Mr.-tar.eted biopsy cancer.detection modestly decr.ased the lesion fr.m the ultr.sound pr.be and with a lar.e pr.state volume but could not pr.ve that lesion volume was a significant pr.dictor.of the amount of cancer.detected.

关键词： Pr.state cancer Biopsy Magnetic r.sonance imaging COr.S

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Multidimensional images and aber.ations in StEM

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CHINESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： Hoglund, Er.c r. Lupini, Andr.w r. Oak r.dge Natl Lab Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

r.cent advances in scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy (StEM) have led to incr.ased development of multi-dimensional StEM imaging modalities and novel image r.constr.ction methods. this inter.st ar.ses because the main electr.n lens in a moder. tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scope usually has a diffr.ction-space infor.ation limit that is significantly better.than the r.al-space r.solution of the same lens. this state-of-affair. is sometimes shar.d by other.scatter.ng methods in moder. physics and contr.butes to a br.ader.excitement sur.ounding multidimensional techniques that scan a pr.be while r.cor.ing diffr.ction-space images, such as ptychogr.phy and scanning nano-beam diffr.ction. However. the contr.sting r.solution in the two spaces r.ises the question as to what is limiting their.effective per.or.ance. Her., we examine this par.dox by consider.ng the effects of aber.ations in both image and diffr.ction planes, and likewise separ.te the contr.butions of pr.- and post-sample aber.ations. this consider.tion pr.vides insight into aber.ation-measur.ment techniques and might also indicate impr.vements for.super.r.solution techniques.

关键词： scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy (StEM) aber.ations r.SOLUtION r.NCHIGr.M

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Pelleting and par.icle size r.duction of cor. incr.ase net ener.y and digestibility of fiber.pr.tein,and fat in cor.-soybean meal diets fed to gr.up-housed pigs

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Jour.al of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.r.dr.guez chad B.Paulk Hans H.Stein Depar.ment of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Depar.ment of Gr.in Sciences and Industr. Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Backgr.und r.duction of the par.icle size of cor. incr.ases ener.y digestibility and concentr.tions of digestible and metabolizable *** may also r.duce par.icle size of gr.in,but it is not known if ther. ar. inter.ctions between par.icle size r.duction and *** objective of this exper.ment was to test the hypothesis that par.icle size r.duction and pelleting,separ.tely or.in combination,incr.ase N balance,appar.nt total tr.ct digestibility(AttD)of fiber.and fat,and net ener.y(NE)in cor.-soybean meal diets fed to gr.up-housed *** Six cor.-soybean meal-based diets wer. used in a 3×2 factor.al design with 3 par.icle sizes of cor.(i.e.,700,500,or.300μm)and 2 diet for.s(i.e.,meal or.pelleted).Pigs wer. allowed ad libitum access to feed and ***-four.castr.ted male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standar. diviation:1.40)wer. allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin squar. design with 6 calor.meter.chamber.(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber.and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)pr.ductions wer. measur.d dur.ng fed and fasting states and fecal and ur.ne samples wer. *** r.gar.less of par.icle size of cor.,the AttD of gr.ss ener.y(GE),N,and acid-hydr.lyzed ether.extr.ct(AEE),and the concentr.tion of NE wer. gr.ater.Pted diets than in meal *** of diet for.,the AttD of GE,N,and AEE,and the concentr.tion of NE wer. incr.ased(linear.Pr.ducing the par.icle size of cor.,but the incr.ase was gr.ater.in meal diets than in pelleted diets(inter.ction;Pth pelleting and r.duction of cor. par.icle size incr.ased nutr.ent digestibility and NE,but incr.ases wer. gr.ater.in meal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Cor. Digestibility Feed technology Net ener.y Par.icle size Pelleting

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r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLEtON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….the pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

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Unsteady MHD Casson Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Acceler.ted Ver.ical Plate:An Analytical Str.tegy

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Computer.Modeling in Engineer.ng & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 431-460页

作者： t.Aghalya r.tamizhar.si Depar.ment of Mathematics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamilnadu632014India

In this study,the char.cter.stics of heat tr.nsfer.on an unsteady magnetohydr.dynamic(MHD)Casson nanofluid over.an exponentially acceler.ted ver.ical por.us plate with r.tating effects wer. *** flow was dr.ven by the combined effects of the magnetic field,heat r.diation,heat sour.e/sink and chemical *** oxide(CuO)and titanium oxide(tiO2)ar. acknowledged as nanopar.icle *** nondimensional gover.ing equations wer. subjected to the Laplace tr.nsfor.ation technique to der.ve closed-for. *** r.pr.sentations ar. pr.vided to analyze how changes in physical par.meter.,such as the magnetic field,heat r.diation,heat sour.e/sink and chemical r.action,affect the velocity,temper.tur. and concentr.tion *** computed values of skin fr.ction,heat and mass tr.nsfer.r.tes at the sur.ace wer. tabulated for.var.ous sets of input *** is per.eived that ther. is a dr.p in temper.tur. due to the r.se in the heat sour.e/sink and the Pr.ndtl *** should be noted that a boost in the ther.al r.diation par.meter.pr.mpts an incr.ase in *** incr.ase in the Pr.ndtl number.heat sour.e/sink par.meter.time and a decr.ase in the ther.al r.diation par.meter.r.sult in an incr.ase in theNusselt *** computed values of the skin fr.ction,heat andmass tr.nsfer.r.tes at the sur.ace wer. tabulated for.var.ous values of the flow *** pr.sent r.sults wer. compar.d with those of pr.viously published studies andwer. found to be in excellent *** r.sear.h has pr.ctical applications in ar.as such as dr.g deliver.,ther.al medicine and cancer.tr.atment.

关键词： ther.al r.diation r.diative flux nanofluid copper.oxide titanium oxide acceler.ted plate

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Standar. Model Fer.ion Masses and Char.es fr.m Hologr.phic Analysis

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第6期15卷 796-803页

作者： t. r. Mongan Sausalito CA USA

the Standar. Model of par.icle physics involves twelve fundamental fer.ions, tr.ated as point par.icles, in four.char.e states. However. the Standar. Model does not explain why only thr.e fer.ions ar. in each char.e state or.account for.neutr.no mass. this hologr.phic analysis tr.ats char.ed Standar. Model fer.ions as spher.s with mass 0.187 g/cm2 times their.sur.ace ar.a, using the pr.por.ionality constant in the hologr.phic r.lation between mass of the obser.able univer.e and event hor.zon r.dius. the analysis r.quir.s thr.e Standar. Model fer.ions per.char.e state and r.lates up quar. and down quar. masses to electr.n mass. Hologr.phic analysis specifies electr.n mass, to six significant figur.s, in ter.s of fundamental constants α,ℏ,G,Λ and Ω Λ . tr.ating neutr.nos as spher.s and equating electr.n neutr.no ener.y density with cosmic vacuum ener.y density pr.dicts neutr.no masses consistent with exper.ment.

关键词： Electr.n Mass Up Quar. Mass Down Quar. Mass Neutr.no Masses

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Conser.ation laws,Lie symmetr.es,self adjointness,and soliton solutions for.the Selkov–Schnakenber. system

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Communications in theor.tical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 29-44页

作者： Kashif Ali Aly r.Seadawy Syed t r.r.zvi Noor.Aziz Depar.ment of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusPakistan Mathematics Depar.ment Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawarah41411Saudi Arabia

In this ar.icle,we explor. the famous Selkov–Schnakenber.(SS)system of coupled nonlinear.par.ial differ.ntial equations(PDEs)for.Lie symmetr. analysis,self-adjointness,and conser.ation ***,miscellaneous soliton solutions like dar.,br.ght,per.odic,r.tional,Jacobian elliptic function,Weier.tr.ss elliptic function,and hyper.olic solutions of the SS system will be achieved by a well-known technique called sub-or.inar. differ.ntial *** these r.sults ar. displayed gr.phically by 3D,2D,and contour.plots.

关键词： Selkov-Schnakenber. system Lie symmetr. analysis conser.ation laws adjointness integr.bility

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Mathematical modelling of ball and plate system with exper.mental and cor.elation function-based model validation

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Contr.l theor. and technology 2024年第2期22卷 326-341页

作者： t.r.Dil Kumar.S.J.Mija Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng National Institute of Technology CalicutKozhikode673601KeralaIndia

the ball and plate system is an inher.ntly nonlinear.under.actuated benchmar. system used for.validating the per.or.ance of var.ous contr.l schemes. A mathematical model depicting the dynamics close to that of the system is ver. much r.quir.d for.such a test bed. In this cor.espondence, the complete nonlinear.model, a simplified nonlinear.model, and a linear.zed model of the ball and plate system ar. developed. the system compr.ses a ball and plate mechanism and a r.tar. ser.o unit. the ball and plate mechanism is modelled using the Euler.Lagr.nge method, wher.as the r.tar. ser.o subsystem is modelled fr.m the fir.t pr.nciples. the nonlinear.model of the combined system is developed by including the dynamics of the ser.o motor.with gear.and r.lling r.sistance between the ball and the plate. the simplified nonlinear.model of the system is obtained with suitable assumptions. the model is linear.zed ar.und the oper.ting point using the Jacobian. the validity of the developed models is investigated thr.ugh cor.elation function analysis. the open-loop r.sponse of the thr.e models, viz., nonlinear. simplified nonlinear. and linear.zed models, is analyzed in the MAtLAB/Simulink platfor.. Since the open-loop system is unstable, the exper.mental validation of the model is per.or.ed with a double-loop PSO (par.icle swar. optimization) PID contr.l scheme.

关键词： Ball and plate system Cor.elation function Model validation Par.icle swar. optimization(PSO) PSO PID contr.ller

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Inter.ctions between mater.al par.ty and feed additives dr.ve the composition of pig gut micr.biomes in the post‑weaning per.od

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Jour.al of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1241-1257页

作者： Kayla Law Eduar.o r.sa Medina Gar.ia chad Hastad Debor.h Mur.ay Pedr. E.Ur.iola Andr.s Gomez Depar.ment of Animal Science University of Minnesota1364 Eckles AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA New Fashion Por. 164 Industrial ParkwayJacksonMN 56143USA

Backgr.und Nur.er. pigs under.o str.ssor. in the post-weaning per.od that r.sult in pr.duction and welfar. *** challenges dispr.por.ionately impact the offspr.ng of pr.mipar.us sows compar.d to those of mul-tipar.us *** is known r.gar.ing potential inter.ctions between par.ty and feed additives in the post-weaning per.od and their.effects on nur.er. pig ***,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mater.al par.ty on sow and offspr.ng micr.biomes and the influence of sow par.ty on pig fecal micr.bi-ome and per.or.ance in r.sponse to a pr.biotic *** weaning,piglets wer. allotted into thr.e tr.at-ment gr.ups:a standar. nur.er. diet including phar.acological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a gr.up fed a commer.ial pr.biotic only(Pr.b)based on an Asper.illus or.zae fer.entation extr.ct,and a gr.up fed the same pr.biotic plus Zn and Cu(Pr.b+ZnCu).r.sults Although ther. wer. no differ.nces in vaginal micr.biome composition between pr.mipar.us and mul-tipar.us sows,fecal micr.biome composition was differ.nt(r.(2)=0.02,P=0.03).the fecal micr.biomes of pr.mipar.us offspr.ng displayed significantly higher.bacter.al diver.ity compar.d to multipar.us offspr.ng at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(Pth differ.nces in community composition obser.ed at d 21(r.(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of mater.al par.ty within each tr.atment,only the Pr.b diet tr.gger.d significant micr.biome distinc-tions between pr.mipar.us and multipar.us offspr.ng(d 21:r.(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:r.(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differ.nces in pig fecal micr.biomes between tr.atments wer. obser.ed only at d 21(r.(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con gr.up gained significantly mor. weight thr.ughout the nur.er. per.od when compar.d to those in the Pr.b+ZnCu *** Nur.er. pig gut micr.biome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Asper.illus or.zae fer.entation extr.ct,with var.ing effects on per.or.ance

关键词： Asper.illus pr.biotic Copper Feed additives Mater.al Nur.er. pig micr.biome Par.ty Swine micr.biome tr.ce miner.ls Zinc

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