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Computational Complexity of a Solution for Directed Graph Cooperative Games

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2013年第3期1卷 405-413页

作者： Ayumi Igarashi Yoshitsugu yamamoto Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8573Japan Faculty of Engineering Information and SystemsUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8573Japan

Abstrac Khmelnitskaya et *** recently proposed the average covering tree value as a new solution concept for cooperative transferable utility games with directed graph *** average covering tree value is defined as the average of marginal contribution vectors corresponding to the specific set of rooted trees,and coincides with the Shapley value when the game has complete communication *** this paper,we discuss the computational complexity of the average covering tree *** show that computation of the average covering tree value is#P-complete even if the characteristic function of the game is{0,1}-*** prove this by a reduction from counting the number of all linear extensions of a partial order,which has been shown by Brightwell et *** be a#P-complete counting *** implication of this result is that an efficient algorithm to calculate the average covering tree value is unlikely to exist.

关键词： #P-complete Digraph game Average covering tree value Coalition Communication structure Linear extension

Functional food products in Japan:A review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第2期8卷 96-101页

作者： Shun Iwatani Naoyuki yamamoto School of Life Science and technology Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaKanagawa226-8501Japan

Japan has a long history of using foods with health benefits and Japanese people are well-known for their *** 1991,the Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare introduced a functional food regulation called“foods for specified health uses”(FOSHU)in *** the introduction of the functional food system,many clinically proven FOSHU products with health benefits have been developed and launched in the *** a result,the net sales of FOSHU products reached 6.2 billion dollars in *** of the health claims relate to improving gastro-intestinal health using ***,high blood pressure,high LDL-cholesterol,and high blood glucose are mainly associated with the related health *** 2007,the market for FOSHU products was almost ***,a novel functional regulatory system\called“Foods with Function Claims”was established in 2015 based on the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act system established in the *** health claims in the new regulation system are associated with fatigue,eyes,memory,stress,sleep,joints,blood flow,body temperature,muscles,and Body Mass *** the introduction of the new system,the total sales for functional foods including FOSHU products reached 8 billion dollars in *** new functional regulatory system is more flexible in terms of health claims,the protocol for clinical studies,and the required ***,the market for new regulatory products is still *** the present paper,the potential of both regulatory systems and some related issues will be discussed.

关键词： Food for specified health uses FOSHU New Functional Foods Foods with function claims Consumer Affairs Agency Approval

An Overview of the Biology of Reaction Wood Formation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第2期49卷 131-143页

作者： Sheng Du Fukuju yamamoto Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University Minami 4-101 Koyama Tottori 680-8553 Japan

Reaction wood possesses altered properties and performs the function of regulating a tree＇s form, but it is a serious defect in wood utility. trees usually develop reaction wood in response to a gravistimulus. Reaction wood in gymnosperms is referred to as compression wood and develops on the lower side of leaning stems or branches. In arboreal, dicotyledonous angiosperms, however, it is called tension wood and is formed on the upper side of the leaning. Exploring the biology of reaction wood formation is of great value for the understanding of the wood differentiation mechanisms, cambial activity, gravitropism, and the systematics and evolution of plants. After giving an outline of the variety of wood and properties of reaction wood, this review lays emphasis on various stimuli for reaction wood induction and the extensive studies carried out so far on the roles of plant hormones in reaction wood formation. Inconsistent results have been reported for the effects of plant hormones. Both auxin and ethylene regulate the formation of compression wood in gymnosperms. However, the role of ethylene may be indirect as exogenous ethylene cannot induce compression wood formation. tension wood formation is mainly regulated by auxin and gibberellin. Interactions among hormones and other substances may play important parts in the regulation of reaction wood formation.

关键词： auxin cambial growth compression wood ethylene gibberellin gravitropism indoleacetic acid plant hormone reaction wood tension wood.

Surgery for luminal Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第1期20卷 78-90页

作者： takayuki yamamoto toshiaki Watanabe Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Department of Surgery Yokkaichi Social Insurance HospitalMie 510-0016Japan Department of Surgical Oncology The University of TokyoHongoTokyo 113-0033Japan

Many patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) require surgery. Indications for surgery include failure of medical treatment, bowel obstruction, fistula or abscess formation. the most common surgical procedure is resection. In jejunoileal CD, strictureplasty is an accepted surgical technique that relieves the obstructive symptoms, while preserving intestinal length and avoiding the development of short bowel syndrome. However, the role of strictureplasty in duodenal and colonic diseases remains controversial. In extensive colitis, after total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA), the recurrence rates and functional outcomes are reasonable. For patients with extensive colitis and rectal involvement, total colectomy and end-ileostomy is safe and effective; however, a few patients can have subsequent IRA, and half of the patients will require proctectomy later. Proctocolectomy is associated with a high incidence of delayed perineal wound healing, but it carries a low recurrence rate. Patients undergoing proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis had poor functional outcomes and high failure rates. Laparoscopic surgery has been introduced as a minimal invasive procedure. Patients who undergo laparoscopic surgery have a more rapid recovery of bowel function and a shorter hospital stay. the morbidity also is lower, and the rate of disease recurrence is similar compared with open procedures.

关键词： Crohn’ s disease, Laparoscopic surgery, Resection, Strictureplasty, Surgery

APOLIPOPROtEIN E POLYMORPHISM AND CORONARY HEARt DISEASE

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1992年第9期105卷 738-741页

作者： t Yamamura L M Dong A yamamoto National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute Osaka Japan.

Serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were ana-lyzed in 199 patients with acute myocardial infarction(CCU group),and in 211 normal healthy individuals(control group).It was shown that serum lipoproteinabnormalities,especially elevated low densitylipoprotein(LDL)levels,are closely related toatherogenesis in relatively young patients and in sub-jets with severe coronary *** frequency ofapo E4 was higher and that of E2 was lower in theCCU group than in the control *** E mutants,E7 and E5,were also frequent in the CCU ***-jects with an E3/2 phenotype had reduced LDL andincreased VLDL levels,and those with an E4/3phenotype had increased LDL levels in *** suggest that apo E4 is a positive risk factor andapo E2 a negative risk factor for *** of apo E isoproteins to increase or decrease se-rum LDL levels may be one of the mechanisms ***,the effect of apo Eisoforms on serum lipoproteins was evident even *** mutant apo E binding to LDLreceptors were investigated to clarify the metabolismof apo E5 and apo *** affinity of apo E5 wastwice that of the wild form of apo *** E7,however,had a lower receptor affinity than apo ***,the authors postulate that individuals withapo E5 have increased risk of developinghypercholesterolemia and subsequent *** the binding data of apo E7,the action of apo E7is considered similar to that of apo E2.

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Dysfunction of axonal transport in normal-tension glaucoma:a biomarker of disease progression and a potential therapeutic target

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 506-507页

作者： Kazuyuki Hirooka tohru yamamoto Yoshiaki Kiuchi Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan Department of Molecular Neurobiology Kagawa University Faculty of MedicineKagawaJapan

Glaucoma and dysfunction of axonal transport:One of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide is glaucoma,with increased intraocula r pressu re(IOP)being the most common risk ***,in some glaucoma patients it has been shown that the IOP does not differ from that of the normal *** Japan,normal-tension glaucoma(NtG),which accounts for 92%of primary open-angle glaucoma,has been shown to be more frequent in the population.

关键词： glaucoma axonal transport

two-Dimensional Parabolic Inverse Source Problem with Final Overdetermination in Reproducing Kernel Space

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2014年第3期35卷 469-482页

作者： Wenyan WANG Masahiro yamamoto Bo HAN Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of Technology Department ofMathematics Northeast Forestry University Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences The University of Tokyo

A new method of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space is applied to a twodimensional parabolic inverse source problem with the final overdetermination. the exact and approximate solutions are both obtained in a reproducing kernel space. the approximate solution and its partial derivatives are proved to converge to the exact solution and its partial derivatives, respectively. A technique is proposed to improve some existing methods. Numerical results show that the method is of high precision, and confirm the robustness of our method for reconstructing source parameter.

关键词： Inverse source problem Final overdetermination Parabolic equation Reproducing kernel

Higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidants coenzyme Q_(10) and vitamin E in long-lived termite queens than in short-lived workers

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 201-210页

作者： Eisuke tasaki Yorihiro yamamoto Yoshihito Iuchi Department of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for InnovationYamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo University of TechnologyHachiojiTokyoJapan

termite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive *** molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated;however,the underlying biochemical explanation remains *** Q(CoQ),a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain,plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense *** beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several ***,we demonstrated that long-lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ_(10) than *** chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ_(10) were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's *** addition,queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E,which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ,than ***,the oral administration of CoQ_(10) to termites increased the CoQ_(10) redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative *** findings suggest that CoQ_(10) acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long-lived termite *** study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ_(10) concentrations and termite lifespan extension.

关键词： antioxidant defense system coenzyme Q termite queens vitamin E

Study of Interaction between Supersonic Flow and Rods Surrounded by Porous Cavity

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Journal of thermal Science 2006年第4期15卷 324-330页

作者： Minoru YAGA Kenji yamamoto Piotr DOERFFER Kenyu OYAKAWA Dept.of Mech.Systems Eng. Univ.of the RyukyusSenbaru 1NishiharaOkinawa903-0213 Graduate student Faculty of Eng.Univ.of the RyukyusSenbaru 1NishiharaOkinawa903-0213 Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of ScienceFiszera 14PL-80 952 GdanskPoland

In this paper, some preliminary calculations and the experiments were performed to figure out the flow field, in which some rods were normally inserted into the main flow surrounded by a porous cavity. As a result, it is found that the starting shock wave severely interacts with the rods, the bow shock wave, its reflections, and the porous wall, which are numerically well predicted at some conditions. Moreover, inserting the rods makes the pressure on the upper wall in the porous region increase when the main flow in the porous region is completely supersonic. the calculations also suggest that three rods cause the widest suction area.

关键词： shock wave compressible flow porous cavity bow shock wave rod