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Interactive effects of carbon dioxide, low temperature, and ultrav｜olet-B radiation on cotton seedling root and shoot morphology and growth

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第4期10卷 607-620页

作者： David BRAND Chathurika WIJEWARDANA Wei GAO K. Raja reddy Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Starkwille MS 39762 USA USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

Interactive effects of multiple environmental stresses are predicted to have a negative effect on cotton growth and development and these effects will be exacerbated in the future climate. the objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that cotton cultivars differ in their responses to multiple environmental factors of （CO2） [400 and 750 μ*** 1 （＋（CO2）], temperature [28/20 and 20/12℃ （-t）], and UV-B radiation [0 and 10 kJ. m2. d ^-1（＋ UV- B）]. A genetic and molecular standard （tM-1） and three modern cotton cultivars （DP1522B2XE PHY496W3R, and St4747GLB2） were grown in eight sunlit, controlled environment chambers with control treatment 400 μ***^-1 [CO2], 28/21℃ temperature, and 0 kJ UV B. the results showed significant differences among the cultivars for most of the shoot and root parameters. Plants grown under low temperature alone or as a combination with ＋ UV B treatment caused more detrimental effects on root and shoot vigor. Although the elevated CO2 treatments weakened the damaging effects of higher UV-B levels on cotton growth on all cultivars, increased CO2 could not mask the negative effects of low temperature. When comparing all cultivars, genetic standard tM-1 produced the smallest values for the majority of traits under CO2, UV-B, and low temperature either alone or in combination with other treatments. Based on principal component analysis, the four cultivars were classified as tolerant （DP1522B2XF）, intermediate （PHY496W3R and St4747GLB2） and sensitive （tM-1） to multiple environmental *** temperature was identified as the most damaging treatment to cotton early seedling vigor while elevated CO2 caused the least. Existing variability of cotton cultivars in response tomultiple environmental stresses could allow for selection of cultivars with the best coping ability and higher lint yield for future climate change environments.

关键词： Cotton Climate change winRHIZO Princi-pal component analysis. Stress tolerance.

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Laparoscopic vs open partial colectomy in elderly patients:Insights from the American College of Surgeons- National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第45期21卷 12843-12850页

作者： Umashankkar Kannan Vemuru Sunil K reddy Amar N Mukerji Vellore S Parithivel Ajay K Shah Brian F Gilchrist Daniel t Farkas Department of Surgery Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center

AIM: to compare the outcomes between the laparoscopic and open approaches for partial colectomy in elderly patients aged 65 years and over using the American College of Surgeons- National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(ACS NSQIP) database. MEtHODS: the ACS NSQIP database for the years 2005-2011 was queried for all patients 65 years and above who underwent partial colectomy. 1:1 propensity score matching using the nearest- neighbor method was performed to ensure both groups had similar preoperative comorbidities. Outcomes including postoperative complications, length of stay and mortality were compared between the laparoscopic and open groups. χ2 and Fisher's exact test were used for discrete variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. P t and odds ratios with 95%CI were reported when applicable. RESULtS: the total number of patients in the ACS NSQIP database of the years 2005-2011 was 1777035. We identified 27604 elderly patients who underwent partial colectomy with complete data sets. 12009(43%) of the cases were done laparoscopically and15595(57%) were done with open. After propensity score matching, there were 11008 patients each in the laparoscopic(LC) and open colectomy(OC) cohorts. the laparoscopic approach had lower post-operative complications(LC 15.2%, OC 23.8%, P ter length of stay(LC 6.61 d, OC 9.62 d, P tality(LC 1.6%, OC 2.9%, P ter propensity score matching, elderly patients in the ACS NSQIP database having a laparoscopic partial colectomy had better outcomes than those having open colectomies. In the absence of specific contraindications, elderly patients requiring a partial colectomy should be offered the laparoscopic approach.

关键词： Colectomy Laparoscopic Outcomes Elderly National S

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Optimization of process parameters of aluminum alloy AA 2014-t6 friction stir welds by response surface methodology

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2015年第3期11卷 209-219页

作者： Ramanjaneyulu KADAGANCHI Madhusudhan reddy GANKIDI Hina GOKHALE Mahatma Gandhi Institute of technology Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory

the heat treatable aluminum-copper alloy AA2014 finds wide application in the aerospace and defence industry due to its high strength-toweight ratio and good ductility. Friction stir welding(FSW) process, an emerging solid state joining process, is suitable for joining this alloy compared to fusion welding processes. this work presents the formulation of a mathematical model with process parameters and tool geometry to predict the responses of friction stir welds of AA 2014-t6 aluminum alloy, viz yield strength, tensile strength and ductility. the most influential process parameters considered are spindle speed, welding speed, tilt angle and tool pin profile. A four-factor, five-level central composite design was used and a response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to develop the regression models to predict the *** mechanical properties, such as yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UtS) and percentage elongation(%El), are considered as responses. Method of analysis of variance was used to determine the important process parameters that affect the responses. Validation trials were carried out to validate these results. these results indicate that the friction stir welds of AA 2014-t6 aluminum alloy welded with hexagonal tool pin profile have the highest tensile strength and elongation, whereas the joints fabricated with conical tool pin profile have the lowest tensile strength and elongation.

关键词：焊接工艺参数搅拌摩擦焊铝合金焊接响应面分析法抗拉强度优化焊接接头屈服强度

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Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Armour Grade Q&t Steel Joints Fabricated by Flux Cored Arc Welding with Low Hydrogen Ferritic Consumables

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2009年第5期25卷 583-591页

作者： G.Magudeeswaran V.Balasubramanian G.Madhusudhan reddy G.Gopalakrishnan Metal Joining Research Center(MJRC) Sri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeN.G.G.O Colony-Post Centre for Materials Joining&Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University Scientist-F Metal Joining SectionDefence Metallurgical Research Laboratory(DMRL)Kanchanbagh(P.O)

Quenched and tempered （Q＆t） steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. these steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking （HIC） and softening in the heat affected zone （HAZ） after welding. the use of austenitic stainless steel （ASS） consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy to avoid HIC because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. Recent studies revealed that low hydrogen ferritic （LHF） steel consumables can also be used to weld Q＆t steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits and required resistance against cold cracking. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the performance of armour grade Q＆t steel joints fabricated by flux cored arc welding with LHF steel consumables. two different consumables namely （i） austenitic stainless steel and （ii） low hydrogen ferritic steel have been used to fabricate the joints by flux cored arc welding （FCAW） process. the joints fabricated by LHF consumable exhibited superior transverse tensile properties due to the presence of ferrite microstructure in weld metal. the joints fabricated by ASS consumable showed higher impact toughness due to the presence of austenitic phase in weld metal microstructure. the HAZ softening in coarse grain heat affected zone （CGHAZ） is less in the joints fabricated using LHF consumable due to the lower heat input involved during fabrication compared to the joints fabricated using ASS consumables.

关键词： Quenched and tempered steel Flux cored arc welding process Low hydrogen ferritic steel tensile properties

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA7075-t651 aluminum alloy thick plates

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第6期25卷 1770-1778页

作者： t.SRINIVASA RAO G.MADHUSUDHAN reddy S.R.KOtESWARA RAO Department of Mechanical Engineering Tagore Engineering College Metal Joining Group Defense Metallurgical Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering SSN College of Engineering

Friction stir butt welding of AA7075-t651 plates with thicknesses of 10 and 16 mm was investigated. Defect-free, full- penetration welds were obtained after careful process parameter selection. While the nuggets in both welds exhibited very fine reerystallized grains, and finer grains were observed in welds made on 10 mm thick plates. Microhardness surveys revealed that significant loss in hardness occurs in the heat-affected zone. the reduction in hardness due to the welding process is higher in the case of welds made on 16 mm thick plates. Welds made on 10 mm thick plates exhibited superior tensile properties compared with those made on 16 mm thick plates. Fracture during tensile test occurred in the heat-affected zone in both cases. tEM images of specimens revealed that the heat-affected zone consisted of widened precipitate-free zones along grain boundaries and partial dissolution of precipitates in the grain interiors. It is concluded that defect-free single pass welds can be made on AA7075-t651 thick plates using friction stir welding and the welds made on 10 mm thick plates exhibit high joint efficiency.

关键词： AA7075-t651 aluminum alloy friction stir welding microstructure mechanical properties

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Solar thermal Energy Generation Potential in Gujarat and tamil Nadu States, India

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Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第13期7卷 591-603页

作者： C. Nagarjuna reddy t. Harinarayana Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute Gandhinagar India

Government of India has come out with an ambitious target of 100 GW of using solar energy alone by the year 2022. to reach this target, innovative ideas are required to use the solar energy more effectively. For solar electricity generation, mainly two types of technologies are presently in use, namely, solar PV and solar thermal. Being a tropical country, India has large solar PV and solar thermal energy. More research is required on economic aspects to make the solar thermal competitive to solar PV. towards this direction, in our present study we have simulated a solar thermal power plant using Parabolic trough Collector (PtC) technology and normalized with 1 MW solar thermal power plant at Gurgaon near New Delhi. through simulation, we have extended our study and computed the electricity generation possible at different locations of India. For this purpose with 1? × 1?spacing, computations have been carried out at 296 locations. the work is further extended for more detailed study at two representative states, namely, Gujarat and tamil Nadu. In these two states, closer data points with 0.25? × 0.25? spacing have been considered at 273 locations for Gujarat and 197 locations for tamil Nadu. Our results indicate a large potential of electricity generation using solar thermal energy in southern states of India, namely, tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, southern and western part of Andhra Pradesh and eastern part of Maharashtra. Good potential has also been observed in eastern parts of Gujarat and parts of Madhya Pradesh and eastern part of Rajasthan. the annual potential ranges from 1800 MWh to as much as 2600 MWh. Major parts of northern states, for example Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir have medium range potential. Here, the annual potential ranges from 1000 to 1500 MWh. Poor range of potential is observed towards eastern parts of India and north eastern states. Here, the electricity generation potential ranges from 600 to 1200 MWh. Our

关键词： Solar thermal Parabolic trough Energy India Gujarat tamil Nadu Modelling

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Structural and optical studies on PVA capped SnS films grown by chemical bath deposition for solar cell application

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Journal of Semiconductors 2019年第5期40卷 17-26页

作者： P Mallika Bramaramba Devi G.Phaneendra reddy K.t.Ramakrishna reddy Solar Energy Laboratory Department of Physics Sri Venkateswara University

tin monosulphide(SnS) thin films capped by PVA have been successfully deposited on glass substrates for cost effective photovoltaic device applications by a simple and low-cost wet chemical process, chemical bath deposition(CBD) at different bath temperatures varying in the range, 50–80 °C. X–ray diffraction analysis showed that the deposited films were polycrystalline in nature, showing orthorhombic structure with an intense peak corresponding to(040) plane of SnS. these observations were further confirmed by Raman analysis. FtIR spectra showed the absorption bands which corresponds to PVA in addition to *** scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies revealed that the deposited SnS films were uniform and nanostructured with an average particle size of 4.9 to 7.6 nm. the optical investigations showed that the layers were highly absorbing with the optical absorption coefficient ～10~5 cm^(-1). A decrease in optical band gap from 1.92 to 1.55 eV with an increase of bath temperature was observed. the observed band gap values were higher than the bulk value of 1.3 eV, which might be due to quantum confinement effect. the optical band gap values were also used to calculate particle size and the results are discussed.

关键词： chemical bath deposition polyvinyl alcohol capping agent SnS thin films structural properties optical properties

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Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-transmitted,Plant-Virus Disease Resistant tomato Varieties in Southern India

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 337-345页

作者： John Colvin N Nagaraju Carlos Moreno-Leguizamon R M Govindappa t B Manjunatha reddy S A Padmaja Neena Joshi Peter M Hanson Susan E Seal V Muniyappa Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom University of Agricultural Sciences G.K.V.K.Bangalore 560065India AVRDC-the World Vegetable Center

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated tomato leaf curl virus（toLCV）-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and *** high-yielding toLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by toLCV-viruliferous whitefly,Bemisia *** 2003 and 2004,respectively,these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of *** 2003 to 2005,eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the toLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F1 hybrids from ***-economic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the toLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the toLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing toLCV-susceptible *** of toLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide *** income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children＇s education,better nutrition and *** a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India,a promotional field day was organised in *** well as the three toLCV-resistant varieties,62 toLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public *** with toLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 *** 2007,a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837：1.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci begomovirus international development tomato resistance tomato leaf curl virus

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Zircon geochronology reveals polyphase magmatism and crustal anatexis in the Buchan Block,NE Scotland:Implications for the Grampian Orogeny

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1469-1478页

作者： t.E.Johnson C.L.Kirkland D.R.Viete S.Fischer S.M.reddy N.J.Evans B.J.McDonald Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)CET-Curtin NodeJohn de Laeter CentreCurtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Morton K.Blaustein Department of Earth&Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins UniversityOlin Hall3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD 21218USA School of Earth&Environmental Science University of St AndrewsIrvine BuildingNorth StreetSt AndrewsKY16 9ALScotlandUK

the type locality for high-temperature,low-pressure regional metamorphism,the Buchan Block in NE Scotland,exhibits profound differences to the rest of the Grampian *** differences have led some to regard the Buchan Block as an exotic crustal fragment comprising Precambrian basement gneisses and cover rocks thrust into their current position during Grampian *** rocks of the Buchan Block are now generally correlated with Dalradian strata elsewhere,the origin of the gneisses and the cause of the high heat flow and associated magmatism is *** report SIMS U-Pb and LA-ICPMS Hf isotopic data in zircon from high-grade rocks from the northeast(Inzie Head Gneiss)and northwest(Portsoy)corners of the Buchan *** Inzie Head,upper amphibolite to granulite facies metasedimentary gneisses coexist with diorite sheets that were emplaced contemporaneously with partial melting of their host rocks,at least locally.U-Pb geochronology indicates a crystallisation age for the diorite of 486±9 ***-deformed diorites within the Portsoy Gabbro have a crystallisation age of 493±8 *** of ca.490 Ma for magmatism and high-grade metamorphism,which are broadly contemporaneous with ophiolite obduction and the onset of orogenesis,are significantly older than the established peak of Grampian metamorphism(ca.470 Ma).We propose a new model for the Grampian Orogeny involving punctuated tectonothermal activity due to tectonic switching during accretionary *** of a NW-dipping subduction zone at ca.490 Ma produced a back-arc environment(the Buchan Block)with associated arc magmatism and high dt/dP *** of an outboard arc resulted in shortening(the initial phase of the Grampian Orogeny)at ca.488 *** of a NW-dipping subduction zone to the SE of the ca.488 Ma suture began at 473 Ma and led to lithospheric-scale extension,decompression melting and advective heating of the middle crust,producing the widespread ca.470 Ma Gram

关键词： Dalradian Grampian Orogeny Buchan Block Zircon geochronology Magmatism Metamorphism

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Bleeding risk and thrombosis in cirrhosis:a paradox with a need to address them

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 410-412页

作者： Anand V.Kulkarni K.Rajender reddy Department of Hepatology Asian Institute of GastroenterologyHyderabadIndia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Patients with cirrhosis have a state of“rebalanced hemostasis”where there is a simultaneous reduction in both qualitative and quantitative properties of procoagulants and anticoagulants,i.e.,platelets,fibrinogen,coagulation factors,protein C,S,and antithrombin and conversely,there is an increase in the levels of von Willebrand factor,endothelial factor VIII,tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA),and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1)(1).Laboratory tests,such as INR,involving these coagulation proteins have been used for the prognostication of patients with cirrhosis/liver failure and have historically been part of several severity scores(2,3).Spontaneous bleeding due to clotting factor deficiencies is less frequent in the absence of mechanical trauma,while thrombosis is not uncommon and may merit anticoagulation therapy(4).However,the management of patients with cirrhosis with abnormalities in the hemostasis system is *** meet this unmet need,the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)developed new guidelines for the prevention and management of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis(5).the bleeding here is referred to mucocutaneous and visceral bleeding events.

关键词： Viscoelastic tests international normalized ratio(INR) coagulation liver disease

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