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Preparation of microparticles and nanoparticles using membrane-assisted dispersion,micromixing,and evaporation processes

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 30-44页

作者： Goran t.Vladisavljevic Chemical Engineering Department Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershire LE113TUUnited Kingdom

synthetic microporous membranes are increasingly used for energy-efficient and controlled production of micro-and nanoparticles and micro-and nanoemulsions with tuneable morphology and physico-chemical properties through various micromixing,emulsification,and evaporation *** emul-sification processes,the membrane pores are used for dispersed phase injection and size-controlled generation of droplets and droplet-templated *** micromixing processes,membrane is utilised as a micromixer for mixing two miscible liquids,usually solvent and antisolvent-rich solutions,which leads to the creation of supersaturation and subsequent nanoprecipitation or *** mem-brane evaporation processes,membrane is used to prevent phase dispersion while allowing efficient molecular diffusion of solvent and/or antisolvent vapour through gas-filled *** dispersion processes can be operated continuously by decoupling shear stress on the membrane surface from cross flow using tube insets,flow pulsations,swirling flow,membrane oscillations or membrane *** generation and solidification can be performed continuously in a single pass by connecting membrane module with a downstream *** dispersion processes can be used for pro-duction of nanoparticles such as nanovesicles(liposomes,micelles,ethosomes,and niosomes),nanogels,polymeric,lipid and metallic nanoparticles,and *** main advantages of membrane-assisted particle generation are in low energy consumption,controlled geometry and hydrodynamic conditions at the microscale level,flexible throughput due to modular and scalable design of membrane devices,and a wide choice of available microporous membranes with various wall porosities,wetta-bilities,pore sizes,and pore morphologies to suit different applications.

关键词： Nanoparticles Microparticles Nanoemulsions Microemulsions Microporous membrane Crystallisation Flash nanoprecipitation Emulsification Zero liquid discharge

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.t.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. these symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

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Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.s.R.Gupta James M.tiedje CsIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

the incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over *** soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal *** present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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Large magnetocaloric effect and magnetic properties of EuRhO3

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1724-1729页

作者： M.Lassri M.sajieddine A.Elouafi A.El Hachmi s.El Ouahbi R.Moubah Laboratory of Energy and Materials Engineering (LGEM) University of Sultan Moulay SlimaneFaculty of Science and Technology (FST) Institute of Applied Physics (IAP)-school of Industrial Management (EMINEs) Mohammed Ⅵ Polytechnic University National school of Applied sciences (ENsA) University of Sultan Moulay Slimane Laboratory of Mechanics Production and Industrial Engineering (LMPGI)Higher School of Technology of Casablanca (ESTC)University of Hassan Ⅱ Casablanca Laboratory of Radiation on Matter and Instrumentation (LRMI) Faculty of Science and Technology (FST) SettatHassan Ⅰ University Laboatory of Physics of Advanced Materials and thermic (LPMAt) Faculty of Science Ain Chock (FSAC)University of Hassan Ⅱ Casablanca

We report on the structural,magnetic,and magnetocaloric properties of *** oxidation states of Eu and Rh ions were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPs）.It is found that the Eu ions are mainly in the divalent oxidation state while the Rh ions have+4 ***3powders are found to be antiferromagnetic with a second order magnetic transition at Neel temperature（tN=2.9 K）.Analysis of the magnetic susceptibility versus temperature data in terms of the Curie=Weiss law:(χ=C/（t-θW）) for t>tN,yields θW=-3.1 K and effective magne tic moment ■,which is close to the theoretical value ■.the magnetic entropy change(-ΔsM),was determined by em ploying the thermodynam ic Maxwell's *** μ0H=5 t and near tN,■ and relative cooling power（RCP） exhibit large values of 33.7 J/（kg·K） and 238 J/kg,*** large magnitude of-ΔsMand RCP show that the EuRhO3compound could be a potential candidate to be used in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.

关键词： Cryogenic magnetic refrigeration Magnetic properties Magnetocaloric effect Rare earths X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Highly Defective Dark tiO_(2) Modified with Pt: Effects of Precursor Nature and Preparation Method on Photocatalytic Properties

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transactions of tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 198-209页

作者： E.D.Fakhrutdinova O.A.Reutova t.A.Bugrova I.Yu.Ovsyuk L.s.Kibis O.A.stonkus D.B.Vasilchenko O.V.Vodyankina V.A.svetlychnyi National Research tomsk state University TomskRussia 634050 Novosibirsk state University NovosibirskRussia 630090 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis NovosibirskRussia 630090 Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry NovosibirskRussia 630090

the study focused on the modification with platinum of dark defective titania obtained via pulsed laser ablation. Both the method of Pt introduction and the nature of the Pt precursor were varied. All samples exhibited similar phase compositions, specific surface areas, and Pt contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with pulsed CO adsorption revealed increased dispersity when photoreduction and the hydroxonitrate complex (Me _(4) N) _(2) [Pt _(2) (OH) _(2) (NO _(3) ) _(8) ] were used. the sample featured a high content of single-atom species and subnano-sized Pt clusters. the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the photoreduction method facilitated the appearance of a larger number of Pt ^(2+) states, which appeared owing to the strong metal-support interaction (sMsI) eff ect of the transfer of electron density from the electron-saturated defects on the tiO _(2) surface to Pt ^(4+) . In the hydrogen evolution reaction, samples with a significant fraction of the Pt ^(2+) ionic component, capable of generating short-lived Pt^(0) single-atom sites under irradiation due to the sMsI eff ect, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. the 0.5Pt(C)/tiO_(2) -Ph sample exhibited the highest hydrogen yield with a quantum efficiency of 0.53, retaining its activity even after 8 h of operation.

关键词： Dark(black)tiO_(2) Pulsed laser ablation Platinum reduction method Precursor type Photocatalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

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Comparative analysis of jet and underlying event properties across various models as a function of charged particle multiplicity at 7 teV

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 118-125页

作者： Maryam Waqar Haifa I.Alrebdi Muhammad Waqas K.s.Al-mugren Muhammad Ajaz Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia school of Nuclear science and technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In this study,a comprehensive analysis of jets and underlying events as a function of charged particle multiplicity in proton-proton(pp)collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s=7 teV is *** Monte Carlo(MC)event generators,including Pythia8.308,EPOs 1.99,EPOsLHC,EPOs4_(Hydro),and EPOs4_(noHydro),are employed to predict particle *** predictions from these models are compared with experimental data from the CMs *** charged particles are categorized into those associated with underlying events and those linked to jets,and the analysis is restricted to charged particles with|η|t>0.25 GeV/*** comparing the MC predictions with CMs data,we find that EPOs4_(Hydro),EPOsLHC,and Pythia8 consistently reproduce the experimental results for all charged particles,underlying events,intrajets,and leading charged *** charged jet rates with p_t^(***)>5 GeV/c,EPOs4_(Hydro)and Pythia8 perform exceptionally *** the case of charged jet rates with p_t^(***)→30 GeV/c,EPOsLHC reproduces satisfactorily good results,whereas EPOs4 Hydro exhibits good agreement with the data at higher charged particle multiplicities compared to the other *** can be attributed to the conversion of energy into flow when"Hydro=on"leading to an increase in *** EPOsLHC model describes the data better owing to the new collective flow effects,correlated flow treatment,and parameterization compared to EPOs ***,the examination of the jet p_t spectrum and normalized charged p_t density reveals that EPOs4_(Hydro),EPOs4_(noHydro),and EPOsLHC exhibit good agreement with the experimental results,whereas Pythia8 and EPOs 1.99 do not perform as well owing to the lack of correlated flow treatment.

关键词： Monte Carlo models underlying event jets charged particle multiplicity

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Unsynchronized butyrophilin molecules dictate cancer cell evasion of Vγ9Vδ2 t-cell killing

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 362-373页

作者： Zeguang Wu Qiezhong Lamao Meichao Gu Xuanxuan Jin Ying Liu Feng tian Ying Yu Pengfei Yuan shuaixin Gao thomas s.Fulford Adam P.Uldrich Catherine C.L Wong Wensheng Wei Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking University Genome Editing Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking University100871BeijingChina EdiGene Inc. Life Science ParkChangping District102206BeijingChina Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research Peking University Health Science CenterPeking University100191BeijingChina Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia state Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesClinical Research InstitutePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegePeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences100871BeijingChina

Vγ9Vδ2 t cells are specialized effector cells that have gained prominence as immunotherapy agents due to their ability to target and kill cells with altered pyrophosphate *** our effort to understand how cancer cells evade the cell-killing activity of Vγ9Vδ2 t cells,we performed a comprehensive genome-scale CRIsPR screening of cancer *** found that four molecules belonging to the butyrophilin(BtN)family,specifically BtN2A1,BtN3A1,BtN3A2,and BtN3A3,are critically important and play unique,nonoverlapping roles in facilitating the destruction of cancer cells by primary Vγ9Vδ2 t *** coordinated function of these BtN molecules was driven by synchronized gene expression,which was regulated by IFN-γsignaling and the RFX ***,an enzyme called QPCtL was shown to play a key role in modifying the N-terminal glutamine of these BtN proteins and was found to be a crucial factor in Vγ9Vδ2 t cell killing of cancer *** our research,we offer a detailed overview of the functional genomic mechanisms that underlie how cancer cells escape Vγ9Vδ2 t ***,our findings shed light on the importance of the harmonized expression and function of gene family members in modulating t-cell activity.

关键词： Butyrophilin Vγ9Vδ2 t-cell Cancer-specific immune evasion Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like Pyrophosphate metabolite Immunotherapy

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Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil Crop science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia E.silva Mariana G.Aguilar Osania E.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline C.L.Carvalho Lúcia P.s.Pimenta Alan R.t.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Aplicada e tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de Ciencias Exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

the use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application ***,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be *** aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean *** types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(sCB300),400℃(sCB400)and 600℃(sCB600).then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,*** experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were *** evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).the extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic *** Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to *** the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for sCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/*** metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of *** together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis sugarcane bagasse

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HVOF-sprayed HAp/s53P4 BG composite coatings on an AZ31 alloy for potential applications in temporary implants

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 345-360页

作者： Carlos A.Poblano-salas John Henao Astrid L.Giraldo-Betancur Paola Forero-sossa Diego German Espinosa-Arbelaez Jorge A.González-sánchez Luis R.Dzib-Pérez susana t.Estrada-Moo Idelfonso E.Pech-Pech CIAtEQ A.C. Av.Manantiales 23-AParque Industrial Bernardo QuintanaEl MarquésQuerétaro 76246Mexico CONAHCYt-CIAtEQ A.C. Av.Manantiales 23-AParque Industrial Bernardo QuintanaEl MarquésQuerétaro 76246Mexico CONAHCYt-Cinvestav Libramiento Norponiente#2000.Fraccionamiento Real de JuriquillaQuerétaro 76230Mexico Universidad tecnológica de Querétaro Av.Pie de la Cuesta N°2501Querétaro 76148Mexico CIDEsI Av.Playa Pie de la Cuesta No 702Col.San PabloQuerétaro 76125Mexico Center for Corrosion Research Autonomous University of CampecheAv.Héroe de Nacozari No.480P.C.24070San Francisco de CampecheCam.Mexico

Bioactive thermal spray coatings produced via high-velocity oxygen fuel spray(HVOF)from hydroxyapatite(HAp)and bioactive glasses(BG)have the potential to be employed on temporary implants due to the ability of both HAp and BG to dissolve and promote osseointegration,considering that both phases have different reaction and dissolution rates under in-vitro *** the present work,75%***-25%wt.s53P4 bioactive glass powders were HVOF-sprayed to obtain HAp/s53P4 BG composite coatings on a bioresorbable AZ31 *** study is focused on exploring the effect of the stand-off distance and fuel/oxygen ratio variation as HVOF parameters to obtain stable structural coatings and to establish their effect on the phases and microstructure produced in those *** characterization techniques,such as scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,were employed to characterize relevant structural and microstructural properties of the composite *** results showed that thermal gradients during coating deposition must be managed to avoid delamination due to the high temperature achieved(max 550℃)and the differences in coefficients of thermal *** was also found that both spraying distance and oxygen/fuel ratio allowed to keep the hydroxyapatite as the main phase in the *** addition,in-vitro electrochemical studies were performed on the obtained HAp/s53P4 BG composite coatings and compared against the uncoated AZ31 *** results showed a significant decrease in hydrogen evolution(at least 98%)when the bioactive coating was applied on the Mg alloy during evaluation in simulated body fluid(sBF).

关键词： Coatings Composites thermal spray temporary implants Hydrogen evolution

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Reactions induced by 30 MeV 3He beam on 9Be:cluster transfer reactions

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第1期48卷 61-70页

作者： B.A.Urazbekov t.Issatayev s.M.Lukyanov A.Azhibekov A.s.Denikin K.Mendibayev D.M.Janseitov Yu E.Penionzhkevich K.A.Kuterbekov t.K.Zholdybayev Gumiliyev Eurasian National University 2 Satpayev StrAstanaKazakhstan Institute of Nuclear Physics 1 Ibragimov StrAlmatyKazakhstan Bogolubov Laboratory of theoretical Physics JINR20 Joliot Curie StrDubnaRussia Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions JINR20 Joliot Curie StrDubnaRussia Korkyt-ata state University 29A Aiteke-Byi StrKyzylordaKazakhstan Dubna state University 19 Universitetskaya StrDubnaRussia Al-Farabi Kazakh National University AlmatyKazakhstan

An experiment was conducted for studying the cluster structure of Be induced by He ions at an energy of 30 *** results of the nuclear reaction^(3)He+^(9)Be,the differential cross sections for the exit channels–elastic,inelastic,α+^(8)Be,^(6)He+^(6)Be,^(6)Li+^(6)Li,and^(7)Be+^(5)He–were *** and inelastic scattering data were treated within both the optical model and coupled channel method.A new set of optical potentials was considered for the elastic *** deformation parameter was established for the transition 3/2→5/*** transfer reactions were analyzed via the coupled reaction channel *** nuclear reactions with the exit channels^(6)He+^(6)Be,^(6)Li+^(6)Li,and^(7)Be+^(5)He were complemented by two-step transfer *** contribution of each reaction mechanism were shown and compared with the findings of other authors.

关键词： cluster transfer reaction mechanisms coupled equations

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