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t.r.e-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–wat.r.gas shift processing of household,commercial and industrial waste plastics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： rayed Alshareef robert sait.Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil Paul t.Williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different household,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a t.r.e-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)wat.r.gas shift.r.action system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo wat.r.gas shift.r.action to produce further H_(2).the process mimics the commercial process for hydrogen production from nat.r.l *** of the single polyalkene plastics(high-density polyethylene(HDPE),low-density polyethylene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar H_(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product slate from the pyrolysis stage,further stages of reforming and wat.r.gas shift.r.action produced a gas yield and composition similar to that of the polyalkene plastics(115 mmol H_(2)per gram plastic).PEt gave significantly lower H_(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to the formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrolysis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and wat.r.gas shift.r.action.A mixt.r. of the single plastics typical of that found in municipal solid waste produced a H_(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** the gas yields and composition from the single plastics enabled an estimation of the yields from a simulated waste plastic mixt.r. and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixt.r. to be *** different household,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixt.r.s produced H_(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** H_(2)yield and gas composition from the single waste plastics gave an indication of the type of plastics in the mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic Hydrogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Wat.r.gas shift

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Dynamic Forecasting of traffic Event Duration in Istanbul:A Classification Approach with real-time Data Integration

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Comput.r., Mat.r.als & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2259-2281页

作者： Mesut Ulu Yusuf sait.t.r.an Kenan Menguc Ersin Namlı t.r.k Kucukdeniz Occupational Health and Safety Department Bandirma Onyedi Eylul UniversityBalikesir10200Türkiye Department of Industrial Engineering Istanbul University-CerrahpasaIstanbul34320Türkiye Department of Industrial Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbul34467Türkiye

today,urban traffic,growing populations,and dense transportation networks are contributing to an increase in traffic *** incidents include traffic accidents,vehicle breakdowns,fires,and traffic disputes,resulting in long waiting times,high carbon emissions,and other undesirable *** is vital to estimate incident.r.sponse times quickly and accurately aft.r.traffic incidents occur for the success of incident.r.lated planning and response *** study presents a model for forecasting the traffic incident duration of traffic events with high *** proposed model goes t.r.ugh a 4-stage process using various feat.r.s to predict the duration of four different traffic events and presents a feat.r. reduction approach to enable real-time data collection and *** the first stage,the dataset consisting of 24,431 data points and 75 variables is prepared by data collection,merging,missing data processing and data *** the second stage,models such as Decision trees(Dt),K-Nearest Neighbour(KNN),random Forest.r.)and Support Vect.r.Machines(SVM)are used and hyperparamet.r.optimisation is performed with *** the third stage,feat.r. selection and reduction are performed and real-time data are *** the last stage,model performance with 14 variables is evaluated with metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,MCC,confusion matrix and *** rF model outperforms other models with an accuracy of 98.5%.the study’s prediction results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic prediction model can achieve a high level of success.

关键词： traffic event duration forecasting machine learning feat.r. reduction shapley additive explanations(SHAP)

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Unsteady MHD Casson Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Accelerated Vertical Plate:An Analytical Strategy

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Comput.r.Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 431-460页

作者： t.Aghalya r.tamizharasi Department of Mathematics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreTamilnadu632014India

In this study,the charact.r.stics of heat transfer on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)Casson nanofluid over an exponentially accelerated vertical porous plate with rotating effects were *** flow was driven by the combined effects of the magnetic field,heat.r.diation,heat source/sink and chemical *** oxide(CuO)and titanium oxide(tiO2)are acknowledged as nanoparticle *** nondimensional governing equations were subjected to the Laplace transformation technique to derive closed-form *** representations are provided to analyze how changes in physical paramet.r.,such as the magnetic field,heat.r.diation,heat source/sink and chemical reaction,affect the velocity,temperat.r. and concentration *** computed values of skin friction,heat and mass transfer rates at the surface were tabulated for various sets of input *** is perceived that there is a drop in temperat.r. due to the rise in the heat source/sink and the Prandtl *** should be noted that a boost in the thermal radiation paramet.r.prompts an increase in *** increase in the Prandtl number,heat source/sink paramet.r.time and a decrease in the thermal radiation paramet.r.result in an increase in theNusselt *** computed values of the skin friction,heat andmass transfer rates at the surface were tabulated for various values of the flow *** present.r.sults were compared with those of previously published studies andwere found to be in excellent *** research has practical applications in areas such as drug delivery,thermal medicine and cancer treatment.

关键词： thermal radiation radiative flux nanofluid copper oxide titanium oxide accelerated plate

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Conservation laws,Lie symmetries,self adjointness,and soliton solutions for the Selkov–Schnakenberg system

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Communications in theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 29-44页

作者： Kashif Ali Aly r Seadawy Syed t.r.rizvi Noor Aziz Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusPakistan Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawarah41411Saudi Arabia

In this article,we explore the famous Selkov–Schnakenberg(SS)system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)for Lie symmetry analysis,self-adjointness,and conservation ***,miscellaneous soliton solutions like dark,bright,periodic,rational,Jacobian elliptic function,Weierstrass elliptic function,and hyperbolic solutions of the SS system will be achieved by a well-known technique called sub-ordinary differential *** these results are displayed graphically by 3D,2D,and contour plots.

关键词： Selkov-Schnakenberg system Lie symmetry analysis conservation laws adjointness integrability

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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by diet.r. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin t.Moran Michael r.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are t.r.eted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed struct.r.. thus, phytic acid appears to int.r.ere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; int.r.ering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some diet.r. proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their struct.r.l resistance to autolysis and ability as co-fact.r.(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell st.r.ge. Aft.r.mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent ent.r.cytes thereby constructing the unst.r.ed wat.r.layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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Getting the Most Out of Every training Day: the Influence of Instruct.r. on Self-regulated Learning During Firefight.r.Leadership Courses

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Int.r.ational Journal of Disast.r.risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 332-345页

作者： Stefan r?seler Micha Hilbert Guido Hertel Meinald t.thielsch Department of Psychology University of Münster

Leadership courses in the fire services are highly challenging, and they can seriously exhaust trainees and hamper their selfregulated learning efforts(for example, setting goals, focusing attention, seeking feedback). We theorize that experiences of failure or overload can curtail trainees' available energy resources on subsequent training days, which, in t.r., should affect trainees' learning efforts. Given instruct.r.' central role in leadership courses, we hypothesize that supportive and humble instruct.r.behaviors decrease experiences of failure and overload and, thus, increase self-regulated learning. Moreover, we argue that supportive instruct.r.behavior may amplify the positive effects of high energy resources, while humble behavior may alleviate the negative impact of low resource levels. We tested preregist.r.d hypotheses with 118 firefight.r. participating in two-week leadership courses at a German fire academy. the participants completed short web-based questionnaires before and aft.r.classes each day. Multilevel analyses confirmed that perceived daily supportive and humble instruct.r.behavior predicted trainees' reports of daily self-regulated learning activity. Notably, this effect was independent from positive effects of trainees' reported energy resources in the morning. Supportive and humble behavior did not moderate the eff ect of energy resources. Our findings suggest that instruct.r. play a crucial role in facilitating effective learning under challenging training conditions. Furthermore, we offer implications for leaders in fire services, who often conduct trainings with their subordinates.

关键词： Diary study Fire services Instruct.r.behavior Leadership training resource investment

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Mathematical modelling of ball and plate system with experimental and correlation function-based model validation

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Control theory and technology 2024年第2期22卷 326-341页

作者： t.r.Dil Kumar S.J.Mija Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutKozhikode673601KeralaIndia

the ball and plate system is an inherently nonlinear under actuated benchmark system used for validating the performance of various control schemes. A mathematical model depicting the dynamics close to that of the system is very much required for such a test bed. In this correspondence, the complete nonlinear model, a simplified nonlinear model, and a linearized model of the ball and plate system are developed. the system comprises a ball and plate mechanism and a rot.r. servo unit. the ball and plate mechanism is modelled using the Euler–Lagrange method, whereas the rot.r. servo subsystem is modelled from the first principles. the nonlinear model of the combined system is developed by including the dynamics of the servo mot.r.with gear and rolling resistance between the ball and the plate. the simplified nonlinear model of the system is obtained with suitable assumptions. the model is linearized around the operating point using the Jacobian. the validity of the developed models is investigated t.r.ugh correlation function analysis. the open-loop response of the t.r.e models, viz., nonlinear, simplified nonlinear, and linearized models, is analyzed in the MAtLAB/Simulink platform. Since the open-loop system is unstable, the experimental validation of the model is performed with a double-loop PSO (particle swarm optimization) PID control scheme.

关键词： Ball and plate system Correlation function Model validation Particle swarm optimization(PSO) PSO PID controller

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Aerodynamics of a tandem-Bladed Axial Compressor rot.r.under Circumferential Dist.r.ion at Different.r.tational Speeds

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Journal of thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Amit KUMAr Jerry t.JOHN A.M.PrADEEP r.A.DAKKErMANS Dragan KOZULOVIC Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences20099HamburgGermany Institute of Jet Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich85577NeubibergGermany

For most aircraft engines,inflow dist.r.ion is *** dist.r.ion is known to degrade the aerodynamic performance and stable operating limits of a *** rot.r.configuration is an arrangement that effectively controls the growth of the boundary layer over the suction surface of the ***,a higher total pressure rise can be achieved t.r.ugh this unconventional design approach involving the splitting of the blade into forward and aft *** is expected that the effect of inlet flow dist.r.ion would be more severe for a tandem-rot.r.design due to the great.r.flow t.r.ing inherent in such ***,this aspect needs to be thoroughly *** present study discusses the effect of circumferential dist.r.ion on the tandem-rot.r.at different.r.tational ***-annulus rANS simulations using ANSYS CFX are used in the present *** performance of the rot.r.at a particular flow coefficient and different.r.tational speeds is *** total pressure and efficiency are observed to drop at lower mass flow rates under the influence of circumferential *** loss region in each blade passage is mainly associated with the blade wake,tip leakage vortex,secondary flow,and boundary ***,their contribution varies from passage to passage,particularly in the dist.r.ed *** the lower span,the wake width is found to be higher than that at a higher *** to the redistribution of the mass flow,the circumferential extent.r.duces at a higher *** the undist.r.ed sect.r.the strength of the tip leakage vortex is significantly higher at the design rotational speed than at lower *** dist.r.ion near the tip region promotes an early vortex breakdown even at the design operating *** adversely affects the total pressure,efficiency,and stall *** clean flow conditions,this phenomenon is only observed near the stall *** the design operating condition,the breakdown of the forward rot.r.tip l

关键词： tandem rotor circumferential dist.r.ion loss tip leakage vortex vortex breakdown diffusion factor aerodynamics of compressor blade

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Inflow and outflow permeability tests in a very soft clay under low stresses

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3270-3283页

作者： J.W.S.Vargas F.A.B.Danziger F.r.Lopes t.Lunne Federal University of rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroBrazil Norwegian Geotechnical Institute OsloNorway

In situ inflow and outflow permeability tests with the BAt probe at SarapuíII soft clay test site are presented.A description of the BAt permeability test is provided,discussing its advantages and shortcomings,especially in the case of very soft clays under low *** pressures were monit.r.d during probe installation and were found to be slightly lower than piezocone u2 pore pressures,consistent with the position of the *** role of filt.r.tip sat.r.tion was investigated aft.r.the usual sat.r.tion procedure provided an unsatisfact.r. pore pressure response during probe *** show that the vacuum sat.r.tion procedure provides adequate response during installation and increases the reliability of the coefficient of permeability det.r.ination in early *** inflow and outflow tests yielded similar results,indicating that careful execution of the test can lead to good test.r.peatability regardless of the loading *** sequences of alt.r.ated inflow and outflow tests have yielded similar results,indicating that soil reconsolidation and filt.r.clogging were negligible in the tests *** are presented concerning the relationship between index paramet.r. and the in situ coefficient of permeability for SarapuíII clay,which plot outside the range of existing databases.

关键词： Permeability test Soft clay BAt probe Inflow and outflow tests

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Efficient guiding and focusing of intense laser pulse using periodic thin slits

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Matt.r.and radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 29-39页

作者： L.Xu t.W.Huang K.Jiang C.N.Wu H.Peng P.C.hen r.Li H.B.Zhuo C.t.Zhou Shenzhen Key Laborat.r. of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Mat.r.al technology Center for Intense Laser ApplicationTechnologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

Slits have been widely used in laser-plasma int.r.ctions as plasma optical components for generating high-harmonic light and controlling laser-driven particle ***,we propose and demonstrate that periodic thin slits can be regarded as a new breed of optical elements for efficient focusing and guiding of intense laser *** fundamental physics of intense laser int.r.ction with thin slits is studied,and it is revealed that.r.lativistic effects can lead to enhanced laser focusing far beyond the pure diffractive focusing *** addition,the int.r.ction of an intense laser pulse with periodic thin slits makes it feasible to achieve multifold enhancement in both laser intensity and energy transfer efficiency compared with conventional *** results provide a novel method for manipulating ultra-intense laser pulses and should be of int.r.st for many laser-based applications.

关键词： laser pulse intense

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