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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin t. moran michael R. Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastric pH, phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca 2+ near the enzyme's active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coordinating free Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other cations re-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca 2+ is progressively displaced by Na + to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer (USWL). Excessive removal of Ca 2+ from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein mucin Phytin

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the bumpy road of purinergic inhibitors to clinical application in immune-mediated diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1206-1211页

作者： matthias t.Wyss Christine Heuer marina Herwerth Institute of Pharmacology and toxicology University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich(ZNZ) University of Zurich and ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland Neurology Department University Hospital of ZurichZürichSwitzerland

Purinergic signaling plays important roles throughout the body in the regulation of organ functions during and following the disruption of *** is also reflected by the widespread expression of two families of purinergic receptors(P1 and P2)with numerous *** the last few decades,there has been increasing evidence that purinergic signaling plays an important role in the regulation of immune ***,signals mediated by P2 receptors have been shown to contribute to immune system-mediated ***,interference with P2 receptors may be a promising strategy for the modulation of immune *** only a few clinical studies have been conducted in isolated entities with limited success,preclinical work suggests that the use of P2 receptor inhibitors may bear some promise in various autoimmune *** the association of P2 receptors with several disorders from this field,the use of P2 receptor antagonists in clinical therapy is still very *** this narrative review,we briefly review the involvement of the purinergic system in immunological responses and clinical studies on the effect of purinergic inhibition on autoimmune *** then open the aperture a bit and show some preclinical studies demonstrating a potential effect of purinergic blockade on autoimmune *** suramin,a non-specific purinergic inhibitor,as an example,we further show that off-target effects could be responsible for observed effects in immunological settings,which may have interesting ***,we believe that it is worthwhile to further investigate this hitherto underexplored area.

关键词： autoimmune diseases neurological disorders purinergic system P2 receptor inhibitors suramin

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Nonlinear-Optical Analogies in Nuclear-Like Soliton Reactions:Selection Rules,Nonlinear tunneling and Sub-Barrier Fusion–Fission

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 1-7页

作者： t.L.Belyaeva V.N.Serkin Universidad Autonoma del Estado de mexico Av.Instituto Literario 100C.P.50000TolucaMexico Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla Av.4 Sur 104C.P.72001PueblaMexico

the main goal of our study is to reveal unexpected but intriguing analogies arising between optical solitons and nuclear physics,which still remain hidden from *** consider the main cornerstones of the concept of nonlinear optics of nuclear reactions and the well-dressed repulsive-core *** the base of this model,we reveal the most intriguing properties of the nonlinear tunneling of nucleus-like solitons and the soliton selfinduced sub-barrier transparency *** describe novel interesting and stimulating analogies between the interaction of nucleus-like solitons on the repulsive barrier and nuclear sub-barrier *** main finding of this study concerns the conservation of total number of nucleons(or the baryon number)in nuclear-like soliton *** show that inelastic interactions among well-dressed repulsive-core solitons arise only when a“cloud”of“dressing”spectral side-bands appears in the frequency spectra of the *** property of nucleus-like solitons is directly related to the nuclear density distribution described by the dimensionless small shape-squareness *** the Fourier spectra of nucleus-like solitons are similar to the nuclear form *** show that the nuclear-like reactions between well-dressed solitons are realized by“exchange”between“particle-like”side bands in their spectra.

关键词： solitons soliton Nonlinear

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techno-economic and Environmental Assessments of SAF from Bioamss:An Review

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林产化学与工业 2024年第5期44卷 29-51页

作者： mAHmOOD t.m.N.Saeed PANG Shusheng CHEN Qiang Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products CAFKey Lab.of Biomass Energy and MaterialJiangsu ProvinceNanjing 210042China

this review presents a comprehensive techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)production from *** critical need for transitioning towards environmentally sustainable alternatives for liquid fuel and aviation industry is first *** insights encompass the evolutionary progression of biofuel production from first-generation to second-generation biofuels,with a focus on utilizing non-food sources like woody biomass for enhanced *** data from the literature on techno-economic assessments of various SAF production pathways are analyzed including production costs,conversion efficiency,and ***,results of lifecycle assessments associated with different SAF production pathways are presented,providing essential insights for decision-making *** challenges of scaling up woody biomass-based SAF production are discussed based on the assessment results,and recommendations are proposed to steer stakeholders towards a greener and more sustainable trajectory for aviation operations.

关键词： sustainable aviation fuel woody biomass production costs minimum fuel selling price lifecycle assessment greenhouse gas emissions climate change

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Solvation Effects on the Dielectric Constant of 1 m LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate:Ethyl methyl Carbonate 3:7

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第1期7卷 253-256页

作者： Julian Self Nathan t.Hahn Kristin A.Persson Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Department of materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA material Physical and Chemical Sciences CenterSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

We report the dielectric constant of 1 m LiPF_(6)in EC:EmC 3∶7 w/w(ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate)in addition to neat EC:EmC 3∶7 w/*** three Debye relaxations,the static permittivity value,or dielectric constant,is extrapolated to 18.5,which is compared to 18.7 for the neat solvent *** EC solvent is found to strongly coordinate with the Li^(+)cations of the salt,which results in a loss of dielectric contribution to the ***,the small amplitude and large uncertainty in relaxation frequency for EmC cloud definitive identification of the Li^(+)solvation ***,the loss of the free EC permittivity contribution due to Li^(+)solvation is almost completely balanced by the positive contribution of the associated LiPF_(6)salt,demonstrating that a significant quantity of dipolar ion pairs exists in 1 m LiPF_(6)in EC:EmC 3∶7.

关键词： batteries dielectric relaxation spectroscopy electrolytes

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CD8+t cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKm supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda mackenzie m.Lieberman Caitlin m.James Shivana m.Lightman Jason H.tong Guanxi Qiao tiffany R.Emmons thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew m.Intlekofer Richard m.Higashi teresa W.m.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:massachusetts Institute of technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+t-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of t cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature t *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+t cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of t-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the m1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKm2,a key determinant of CD8+t-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKm alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+t cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 t cells ARS2 PKm2

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Effects of layer interactions on instantaneous stability of finite Stokes flows

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 69-84页

作者： Chen ZHAO Zhenli CHEN C.t.mUtASA Dong LI School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

the stability analysis of a finite Stokes layer is of practical importance in flow control. In the present work, the instantaneous stability of a finite Stokes layer with layer interactions is studied via a linear stability analysis of the frozen phases of the base flow. the oscillations of two plates can have different velocity amplitudes, initial phases, and frequencies. the effects of the Stokes-layer interactions on the stability when two plates oscillate synchronously are analyzed. the growth rates of two most unstable modes when δ most equal, and δ = δ*/h*, where δ*and h*are the Stokes-layer thickness and the half height of the channel, respectively. However, their vorticities are different. the vorticity of the most unstable mode is symmetric, while the other is asymmetric. the Stokes-layer interactions have a destabilizing effect on the most unstable mode when δ tabilizing effect when δ > 0.68. However, the interactions always have a stabilizing effect on the other unstable mode. It is explained that one of the two unstable modes has much higher dissipation than the other one when the Stokes-layer interactions are strong. We also find that the stability of the Stokes layer is closely related to the inflectional points of the base-flow velocity profile. the effects of inconsistent velocity-amplitude, initial phase, and frequency of the oscillations on the stability are analyzed. the energy of the most unstable eigenvector is mainly distributed near the plate of higher velocity amplitude or higher oscillation frequency. the effects of the initial phase difference are complicated because the base-flow velocity is extremely sensitive to the initial phase.

关键词： finite Stokes layer instantaneous stability Stokes-layer interaction asynchronous oscillation

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EVOLUtION AND INtERACtION OFδ-WAVES IN tHE ZERO-PRESSURE GAS DYNAmICS SYStEm

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Acta mathematica Scientia 2024年第5期44卷 1801-1836页

作者： Abhishek DAS K.t.JOSEPH Centre for Data Science Institute of Technical Education and Research(ITER)Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdisha751030India Centre for Applicable mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchSharada NagarBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia

Evolution and interaction of plane waves of the multidimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics system leads to the study of the corresponding one dimensional *** this paper,we study the initial value problem for one dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics *** the first equation is the Burgers equation and the second one is the continuity *** consider the solution with initial data in the space of bounded Borel *** we prove a general existence result in the algebra of generalized functions of *** we study in detail special solutions withδ-measures as initial *** study interaction of waves originating from initial data concentrated on two point sources and interaction with classical shock/rarefaction *** gives an understanding of plane-wave interactions in the multidimensional *** use the vanishing viscosity method in our analysis as this gives the physical solution.

关键词： zero-pressure gas dynamics delta-waves interaction of waves

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RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred m.Whitlock Zachary michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn taylor Vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce Daniel martin Vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran melikov Leonid V.Chernomordik michael t.Collins Alison m.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCt03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

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Effects of low molecular weight polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii against palmitic acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in 3t3-L1 adipocyte and HepG2 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.P.Nagahawatta m.J.m.S.Kurera Kyung-mo Song Yun-Sang Choi You-Jin Jeon min-Cheol Kang Department of marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LmPSt)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on *** natures of LmPSt were attained from *** and appraised their LmPSt on palmitic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3t3-L1 *** treatment lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above mentioned *** mechanistic study publicized that LmPSt2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated the PA-treated 3t3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis ***,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by *** these constructive properties of LmPSt2 from ***,is a potential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Low molecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accumulation Obesity Liver steatosis

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