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Evaluation of Crash Contributing Factors

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journal of transportation technologies 2025年第1期15卷 155-178页

作者： Ye Dong jonathan S. wood jacobs Engineering Chicago IL USA Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA

Understanding crash contributing factors is essential in safety management and improvement. these factors drive investment decisions, policies, regulations, and other safety-related initiatives. this paper analyzes factors that contribute to crash occurrence based on two national datasets in the United States (CISS and NASS-CDS) for the years 2017-2022 and 2010-2015, respectively. three taxonomies were applied to enhance understanding of the various crash contributing factors. these taxonomies were developed based on previous research and practice and involved different groupings of human factors, vehicle factors, and roadway and environmental factors. Statistics for grouping the different types of factors and statistics for specific factors are provided. the results indicate that human factors are present in over 95% of crashes, roadway and environmental factors are present in over 45% of crashes, and vehicle factors are present in less than 2% of crashes. Regarding factors related to human error and vehicle maintenance, speeding is involved in over 25% of crashes, distraction is involved in over 20% of crashes, alcohol and drugs are involved in over 9% of crashes, and vehicle maintenance is involved in approximately 0.45% of crashes. Approximately 4.4% of crashes involve a driver who “looked but did not see.” Weather is involved in over 13% of crashes. Conclusions: the findings indicate that, consistent with previous research, human factors or human error are present in around 95% of crashes. Infrastructure and environmental factors contribute to about 45% of crashes. Vehicle factors contribute to only 1.67% - 1.71% of crashes. the results from this study could potentially be used to inform future safety management and improvement activities, including policy-making, regulation development, safe systems and systemic safety approaches to safety management, and other engineering, education, emergency response, enforcement, evaluation, and encouragement activities. t

关键词： Contributing Factors Human Factors Vehicle Factors Environmental Factors Crash Data Vision Zero

Branching out: Nitrogen-dependent modulation of strigolactone signaling

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Molecular Plant 2025年第1期18卷 14-16页

作者： Andrew j.tuckey Mark t.Waters School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant compounds that stimulate the germination of root-parasitic weeds. Why a host plant should produce such detrimental signals remained unclear until exuded SLs were shown to also encourage symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Shortly after this discovery, SLs were found to act internally as endogenous phytohormones to regulate numerous traits, most prominently shoot branching, or “tillering” in cereal crops (Gomez-Roldan et al., 2008;Umehara et al., 2008).

关键词： traits plant ).

Grain Size Distribution and Interfacial Heat transfer Coefficient during Solidification of Magnesium Alloys Using High Pressure Die Casting Process

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journal of Materials Science & technology 2018年第2期34卷 324-334页

作者： P. Sharifi j. jamali K. Sadayappan j.t. wood Western University London Ontario Canada Canmet MAtERIALS Hamilton ON Canada

the objective of this study is to predict grain size and heat transfer coefficient at the metal-die interface during high pressure die casting process and solidification of the magnesium alloy AM60. Multiple runs of the commercial casting simulation package, ProCASttM, were used to model the mold filling and solidification events employing a range of interfacial heat transfer coefficient values. the simulation results were used to estimate the centerline cooling curve at various locations through the casting. the centerline cooling curves, together with the die temperature and the thermodynamic properties of the alloy, were then used as inputs to compute the solution to the Stefan problem of a moving phase boundary, thereby providing the through-thickness cooling curves at each chosen location of the casting, Finally, the local cooling rate was used to calculate the resulting grain size via previously established relationships. the effects of die temperature, filling time and heat transfer coefficient on the grain structure in skin region and core region were quantitatively characterized. It was observed that the grain size of skin region strongly depends on above three factors whereas the grain size of core region shows dependence on the interracial heat transfer coefficient and thickness of the samples. the grain size distribution from surface to center was estimated from the relationship between grain size and the predicted cooling rate. the prediction of grain size matches well with experimental results. A comparison of the predicted and experimentally determined grain size profiles enables the determination of the apparent interracial heat transfer coefficient for different locations.

关键词： High pressure die casting Grain size lnterfacial heat transfer coefficient Solidification of magnesium alloys Process parameters

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Circadian nutrition:is meal timing an elixir for fatigue?

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 309-312页

作者： Zhihui Zhang Lu Yan jonas t.treebak Min-Dian Li Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseaseSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Ministry of Education(MOE)Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Chongqing 400038China Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2200Denmark

Fatigue is increasingly prevalent in industrialized societies,highlighting an urgent need for effective clinical and lifestyle *** manifests as reduced muscle endurance,strength and a persistent sensation of exhaustio... 详细信息

关键词： fatigue strength sensation

A comprehensive review of phytochemical approaches in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia:Associated pathways and molecular mechanisms

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2025年第1期17卷 41-55页

作者： Mouvanal Sajana t.S.Gopenath Basalingappa M.Kanthesh Division of Molecular Biology School of Life SciencesJSS AHER Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics School of Life SciencesJSS AHER

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone *** review conducts a thorough analysis of AML, addressing its genetic *** examination extends to the current therapeutic approaches employed for AML,shedding light on their efficacy and the notable side effects experienced by patients undergoing these treatments,leading to a low overall survival ***,exploring alternative treatments,such as phytochemicals,is ***,the review explores the complex landscape of phytochemicals,categorizing them based on their diverse properties,which include alkaloids,phenols,terpenoids,organo-sulfur compounds,and other compounds,including quinones,and elucidating their mechanisms of *** emphasis is placed on their involvement in critical signaling pathways,with a particular focus on how these phytochemicals impact AML when evaluated across a spectrum of cell *** in-depth exploration aims to uncover potential targets within the molecular landscape of AML where phytochemicals can exert their therapeutic *** review investigates the potential role of plant-derived phytochemicals as adjunctive therapies for *** exploration encompasses the identification of specific phytochemicals that exhibit promising anti-leukemic properties and evaluates their potential in clinical *** conventional treatments,the review explores the integration of complementary and alternative medicine as a holistic approach to managing *** examination encompasses the synergy between conventional therapies and alternative interventions,exploring how these combined strategies may enhance overall therapeutic outcomes and mitigate side *** a forward-looking perspective,the overarching goal is to contribute to the evolving landscape of AML treatment by considering innovative approaches that harness the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals,both independently and in conjunction with establishe

关键词： cell death complementary and alternative medicine leukemia phytochemicals signaling pathways therapeutic targets

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:the brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).the structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

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Detailed derivation of the ^(3)P_(0) strong decay model applied to baryons

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 139-153页

作者： t.Aguilar A.Capelo-Astudillo M.Conde-Correa A.Duenas-Vidal P.G.Ortega j.Segovia Departamento de Física Escuela Politécnica NacionalQuito 170143Ecuador Departamento de Física Fundamental Universidad de SalamancaE-37008 SalamancaSpain Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matemáticas(IUFFyM) Universidad de SalamancaE-37008 SalamancaSpain Departamento de Sistemas Físicos Químicos y NaturalesUniversidad Pablo de OlavideE-41013 SevillaSpain

By using the ^(3)P_(0) pair creation model,we provide a detailed derivation of the transition matrix for a baryon decaying into a meson-baryon *** analysis was successfully conducted for a meson in[***,***,and ***,***.B 715,322(2012),and we extend the same formalism to the baryon sector,focusing on the △(1232)→πN strong decay width because all hadrons involved in the reaction are very well established,the two hadrons in the final state are stable and require no further analysis,all quarks are light and thus equivalent,and the decay width of the process is relatively well *** a very common Rayleigh-Ritz variational method to solve the 2-and 3-body Schodinger bound-state equation in which the hadron's radial wave functions are expanded in terms of a Gaussian basis,we can relate the expression of the invariant matrix element with the mean-square radii of hadrons involved in the *** use their experimental measures in such a way that only the strength of the quark-antiquark pair creation from the vacuum is a free *** is then taken from our previous study on strong decay widths in the meson sector[***,***,and ***,***.B 715,322(2012),and the obtained results are compatible with the experimental results for the calculated △(1232)→πN decay *** requiring the calculation of additional baryon strong decays,a feasible avenue towards a unified description of both baryon and meson strong decay widths within a single constituent quark model framework may be ***,this research has been developed to lay the foundation for a novel raft of applications to exotic hadrons,i.e.,the description of the baryon's coupling to meson-baryon thresholds,one of the mechanisms that is considered to be responsible for providing either a large renormalization to naive states or genuine dynamicallygenerated meson-baryon molecules.

关键词： baryon strong decays ^(3)P_(0)decay model quark model

Reconstruction of pile-up events using a one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder for the NEDA detector array

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Nuclear Science and techniques 2025年第2期36卷 62-70页

作者： j.M.Deltoro G.jaworski A.Goasduff V.González A.Gadea M.Palacz j.j.Valiente-Dobón j.Nyberg S.Casans A.E.Navarro-Antón E.Sanchis G.de Angelis A.Boujrad S.Coudert t.Dupasquier S.Ertürk O.Stezowski R.Wadsworth Department of Electronic Engineering University of ValenciaBurjassotValenciaSpain Heavy Ion Laboratory University of Warsaw02-093 WarsawPoland Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali di LegnaroLegnaroItaly Instituto de Física Corpuscular CSIC-Universidad de Valencia46980 PaternaValenciaSpain Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden GANIL CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3Bvd.Henri Becquerel14076 CaenFrance CNRS IN2P3IPN LyonUniversitéLyon 169622 VilleurbanneFrance Department of Physics Nigde Omer Halisdemir University51240 NigdeTurkey Department of Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK

Pulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other,degrading the quality of energy and timing *** methods have been used for pile-up rejection,both digital and analogue,but some pile-up events may contain pulses of interest and need to be *** paper proposes a new method for reconstructing pile-up events acquired with a neutron detector array(NEDA)using an one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder(1D-CAE).the datasets for training and testing the 1D-CAE are created from data acquired from the *** new pile-up signal reconstruction method is evaluated from the point of view of how similar the reconstructed signals are to the original ***,it is analysed considering the result of the neutron-gamma discrimination based on charge comparison,comparing the result obtained from original and reconstructed signals.

关键词： 1D-CAE Autoencoder CAE Convolutional neural network(CNN) Neutron detector Neutron-gamma discrimination(NGD) Machine learning Pulse shape discrimination Pile-up pulse

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Composite recommendations： from items to packages

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2012年第3期6卷 264-277页

作者： Min XIE Laks V. S. LAKSHMANAN Peter t. wood Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Birkbeck University of London London WCIE 7HX UK

Classical recommender systems provide users with a list of recommendations where each recommendation consists of a single item, e.g., a book or DVD. However, sev- eral applications can benefit from a system capable of recom- mending packages of items, in the form of sets. Sample appli- cations include travel planning with a limited budget （price or time） and twitter users wanting to select worthwhile tweeters to follow, given that they can deal with only a bounded num- ber of tweets. In these contexts, there is a need for a system that can recommend the top-k packages for the user to choose from. Motivated by these applications, we consider composite recommendations, where each recommendation comprises a set of items. Each item has both a value （rating） and a cost associated with it, and the user specifies a maximum total cost （budget） for any recommended set of items. Our composite recommender system has access to one or more component recommender systems focusing on different do- mains, as well as to information sources which can provide the cost associated with each item. Because the problem of deciding whether there is a recommendation （package） whose cost is under a given budget and whose value exceeds some threshold is NP-complete, we devise several approximation algorithms for generating the top-k packages as recommen- dations. We analyze the efficiency as well as approximation quality of these algorithms. Finally, using two real and two synthetic datasets, we subject our algorithms to thorough ex- perimentation and empirical analysis. Our findings attest tothe efficiency and quality of our approximation algorithms for the top-k packages compared to exact algorithms.

关键词： recommendation algorithms optimization,top-k query processing