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环境科学中的化学传感技术——对分析化学家的挑战

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环境科学研究 1987年第2期 60-64页

作者： t.e.edmonds 付尧信

环境分析化学是一个令人鼓舞并具有挑战性的领域。由于科学家既希望了解,也希望能监测人类活动对周围环境的有益和有害影响,因此对环境中的若干问题有浓厚的化学兴趣。同时,化学家也进一步认识到了化学传感器的意义。化学传感器这个术... 详细信息

环境分析化学是一个令人鼓舞并具有挑战性的领域。由于科学家既希望了解,也希望能监测人类活动对周围环境的有益和有害影响,因此对环境中的若干问题有浓厚的化学兴趣。同时,化学家也进一步认识到了化学传感器的意义。化学传感器这个术语包括的设备范围很宽。根据具体使用这个术语的实际情况,'化学传感器'既可以是小如针头的化学转换器,也可以是重达数公斤的硬件。传感器在制造上有的较简单,例如压电晶体气体监测器;也有需要复杂制造设备才能制作的,例如对离子敏感的场效应晶体管(FetS)。并且,传感器可以放到环境中的任何地方,既可放入浩瀚的北海,也可放到人体的血液中。

关键词：化学传感器分析化学家场效应晶体管环境分析化学压电晶体制造设备周围环境人类活动统计学方法氧化还原电位

Spin switching in antiferromagnets using Néel-order spin-orbit torques

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第10期27卷 88-95页

作者： P Wadley K W edmonds School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham

Antiferromagnets offer considerable potential for electronic device applications. this article reviews recent demonstrations of spin manipulation in antiferromagnetic devices using applied electrical currents. Due to spin–orbit coupling in environments with particular crystalline or structural symmetries, the electric current can induce an effective magnetic field with a sign that alternates on the lengthscale of the unit cell. the staggered effective field provides an efficient mechanism for switching antiferromagnetic domains and moving antiferromagnetic domain walls, with writing speeds in the terahertz regime.

关键词： spintronics antiferromagnetic current-induced torques magnetic domains

Advances and challenges in diagnosing and managing adult autoimmune enteropathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第2期31卷 128-131页

作者： Grigorios Christodoulidis Sara e Agko Marina N Kouliou Konstantinos e Koumarelas Dimitris Zacharoulis Department of General Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece Department of Intensive Care Unit Asklepios Paulinen Clinic WiesbadenWiesbaden 65197Germany Department of emergency Medicine General Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41221Greece Department of Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41334Greece

Autoimmune enteropathy(AIe)is a rare immune mediated disorder primarily affecting children,characterized by chronic diarrhea,malabsorption,vomiting,weight loss and villous *** has also been observed in adults presenting diagnostic and treatment challenges due to its overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac *** diagnostic criteria for AIe include small bowel villous atrophy,lack of response to dietary restrictions,presence of anti-enterocyte antibodies,and predisposition to autoimmunity without severe *** criteria emphasize characteristic histological findings and exclusion of other causes of villous *** is associated with various autoimmune disorders and can present with overlapping features with Celiac disease,including villous atrophy but without significant intraepithelial *** primarily involves immunosuppression using corticosteroids,calcineurin inhibitors,and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy,alongside nutri-tional *** the challenges,understanding AIe’s diverse manifest-ations and improving diagnostic criteria are essential for effective management and improved patient *** research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis,disease progression and long-term outcomes of AIe.

关键词： Autoimmune enteropathy Diagnosis Prognosis Adult autoimmune enter-opathy and challenges Autoimmune enteropathy and treatment Autoimmune enteropathy and diagnostic criteria Pathophysiology of autoimmune enteropathy

Impact of Pollutant Concentration and Particle Deposition on the Radiative Flow of Casson-Micropolar Fluid between Parallel Plates

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 665-690页

作者： Ghaliah Alhamzi Badr Saad t.Alkahtani Ravi Shanker Dubey Vinutha Kalleshachar Neelima Nizampatnam Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11564Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11989Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Amity School of Applied SciencesAmity University RajasthanJaipur302002RajasthanIndia Department of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityDavangere577002India Department of electronics and Communication engineering Amrita School of EngineeringAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru560035India

Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental *** the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge *** waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution *** study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle *** explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are *** governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity *** Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary *** integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of *** outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current *** reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter *** concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic *** upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass *** surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.

关键词： Micropolar fluid thermal radiation porous medium thermophoretic particle deposition waste discharge concentration

Magnetic and electronic properties of bulk and two-dimensional FeBi_(2)te_(4):A first-principles study

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第8期32卷 450-456页

作者：王倩倩赵建洲吴维康周胤宁 Qile Li Mark t.edmonds 杨声远 Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Co-Innovation Center for New energetic Materials Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Key Laboratory for Liquid--Solid Structural evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of education) Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of education Institute of Applied Physics Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacaoMacao Special Administrative RegionChina School of Physics and Astronomy Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia ARC Centre for Future Low energy electronics technologies Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia

Layered magnetic materials,such as MnBi_(2)te_(4),have drawn much attention owing to their potential for realizing twodimensional(2D)magnetism and possible topological ***,FeBi_(2)te_(4),which is isostructural to MnBi_(2)te_(4),has been synthesized in experiments,but its detailed magnetic ordering and band topology have not been clearly understood ***,based on first-principles calculations,we investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of FeBi_(2)te_(4)in bulk and 2D *** show that different from MnBi_(2)te_(4),the magnetic ground states of bulk,single-layer,and bilayer FeBi_(2)te_(4)all favor a 120°noncollinear antiferromagnetic ordering,and they are topologically trivial narrow-gap *** the bilayer case,we find that a quantum anomalous Hall effect with a unit Chern number is realized in the ferromagnetic state,which may be achieved in experiment by an external magnetic field or by magnetic proximity *** work clarifies the physical properties of the new material system of FeBi_(2)te_(4)and reveals it as a potential platform for studying magnetic frustration down to 2D limit as well as quantum anomalous Hall effect.

关键词： FeBi_(2)te_(4) two-dimensional(2D)magnetism noncollinear antiferromagnet quantum anomalous Hall effect first-principles calculation

effect of Microalloying,Principally With Vanadium,Processing Conditions and Microstructure on Resistance to CO_2 Corrosion

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 183-191页

作者： edmonds David Cochrane Robert Grau Rosa Institute for Materials Research University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK Mikalor BarcelonaSpain

One driver for steel development over recent decades has been the engineering requirements of improved strength and toughness,combined with weldability,for the safe and cost effective recovery and transmission of oil and *** has been achieved through refinement of grain size by microalloy precipitation and thermomechanical ***,little attention has been paid to these significant changes in steel chemistry and processing on corrosion resistance,despite the dominance of economic carbon steel for construction in the oil and gas *** more common forms of corrosion are associated with the presence of H 2 S or CO *** 2 in aqueous solution forms a weak acid sufficient to promote significant localized corrosion in transmission gas/oil pipelines and in well-head applications (’down-hole’).Systematic study has identified the influence of a wide range of alloying elements and different processing conditions on the resistance of low-carbon steels to CO 2 corrosion;strong carbide-forming microalloying elements such as ti,Nb and V,along with Cr additions,and different levels of Mn,Si,Cu,Mo and Ni,have been explored,along with treatments simulating different processing *** present study also emphasizes the role of V and ti microalloying in improving the resistance of Cr-containing carbon steel to corrosion in carbonic acid and how this is influenced by microstructure and the metallurgical condition of the microalloying addition,in particular,the extent of *** is noted that some commercially available corrosion inhibitors contain V as a vanadate compound to interfere with the corrosion process and so it is suggested that V microalloying may also be beneficial if present in an appropriate form in the *** ti also seems to play a role in corrosion in the steels studied is judged to be compatible with the thermodynamics of transition metal anions in the ti-V-Cr group.

关键词： microalloying vanadium processing corrosion carbonic acid

Impact of carbon-based nutrient enhancement on biofiltration performance for drinking water treatment

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 124-131页

作者： Yu Zhao Liz taylor-edmonds Robert C.Andrews Department of Civil and Mineral engineering University of Toronto

Incorporation of a carbon-based nutrient enhancementstrategy for drinking water biofiltration is an attractive option, especially for source waters which contain recalcitrant organics. this study compared biofilters that were operated in parallel and individually enhanced with amino acids(including alanine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), inulin, and sucrose to increase biomass concentration and promote biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the source water, including disinfection by-product(DBP) precursors. Biomass activity was characterized by measuring adenosine tri-phosphate(AtP), dissolved oxygen(DO) consumption, and through the use of laccase and esterase enzyme assays. Performance was evaluated in terms of headloss,turbidity, p H, DOC, UV254, and DBP formation potential(DBP FP). the introduction of carbonbased nutrients significantly increased biomass activity, where AtP values peaked at 976 ng/g of filter media, 853 ng/g, and 513 ng/g for amino acids, inulin, and sucrose-spiked biofilters,respectively, while a non-spiked control only reached 104 ng/g. DO utilization by the enhanced biofilters was significantly higher than the control, with a strong correlation between AtP and DO uptake observed for all filters(R^2> 0.74). Laccase and esterase enzyme activities of enhanced biofilters were also elevated(p > 0.05), suggesting greater biodegradation potential. Operational parameters such as headloss development and turbidity control were not impaired by carbon supplementation strategies or an increase in biomass concentration and activity. However, the enhancement strategy did not provide improvement in terms of source water carbon removal(DOC and UV254) or DBP FP when treated filters were compared to a control.

关键词： Biological filtration Carbon enhancement Biomass Disinfection by-products Dissolved organic carbon

Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide quenching following UV/H_(2)O_(2)advanced oxidation by thiosulfate,bisulfite,and chlorine in drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2023年第12期17卷 59-69页

作者： tianyi Chen Lizbeth taylor-edmonds Susan Andrews Ron Hofmann Department of Civil and Mineral engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A4Canada

Residual H_(2)O_(2)from UV/H_(2)O_(2)treatment can be quenched by thiosulfate,bisulfite,and chlorine,but the kinetics of these reactions have not been reported under the full range of practical *** this study,the rates of H_(2)O_(2)quenching by these compounds were compared in different water matrices,temperatures,pH,and when using different forms of bisulfite and *** general,it was confirmed that thiosulfate would be too slow to serve as a quenching agent in most practical *** pH 7-8.5,chlorine tends to quench H_(2)O_(2)more than 20 times faster than bisulfite in the various conditions *** important observation was that in lightly-buffered water(e.g.,alkalinity of 20 mg/L as CaCO_(3)),the form of chlorine can have a large impact on quenching rate,with gaseous chlorine slowing the reaction due to its lowering of the pH,and hypochlorite having the opposite *** impacts will become less significant when water buffer capacity(i.e.,alkalinity)increases(e.g.,to 80 mg/L as CaCO_(3)).In addition,water temperature should be considered as the time required to quench H_(2)O_(2)by chlorine at 4℃is up to 3 times longer than at 20℃.

关键词： UV/H_(2)O_(2) H_(2)O_(2) quenching Chlorine type Water alkalinity temperature

Population growth, management and environmental degradation in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1989年第1期1卷 1-14页

作者： Richard Louis edmonds University of London School of Oriental and African Studies.

environmental problems in China can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of China's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the Chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems.

关键词： population environment degradation.