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A new t.ree-st.ge evolut.on model for millimet.r t. cent.met.r wavelengt. out.urst. in BL Lacert.e

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Research in Ast.onomy and Ast.op.ysics 2010年第1期10卷 47-66页

作者： Shan-Jie Qian t. p. krichbaum A. Wit.el J. A. Zensus Xi-Zhen Zhang H. Ungerecht. H. D. Aller M. E Aller Nat.onal Ast.onomical Observat.ries Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Max-p.anck-Inst.t.t.fur Radioast.onomie Auf dem Hugel 69 Bonn 53121 Germany Inst.t.t. Radioast.onomia Milimet.ica （IRAM） Avenida Divina Pastora 7 Nficleo Central E-18012 Granada Spain Dep.rt.ent.of Ast.onomy University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109-1042 USA

t.e mult.-frequency light.curves of BL Lacert.e during 1997.5 - 1999.5 have been modeled by four out.urst., each having a 3-st.ge evolut.on in t.e （Sm, vm） p.ane wit. dist.nct.rising-p.at.au-decaying p.ases. It.is shown t.at.t.e observed light.curves can be well fit.ed for t.e eight.frequencies from 350 GHz t. 4.8 GHz. t.e main charact.rist.cs of t.e model-fit.ing are; （1） t.e out.urst. are found t. have very flat.sp.ct.a wit. an op.0}cally t.in sp.ct.al index α （defined as Sv α u^-α） of about.0.15. t.is is consist.nt.wit. t.e result. p.eviously obt.ined by Valt.oja et.al. （1992）; （2） it.is found t.at.t.ere is no sp.ct.al flat.ening bet.een t.e rising-p.at.au p.ase and t.e decay p.ase. In ot.er words, t.e op.0}cally t.in sp.ct.al index does not.change from t.e rising-p.at.au p.ase t. t.e decay p.ase. t.ese feat.res are in cont.ast.t. t.e 3-st.ge shocked-in-jet.model p.op.sed by Marscher ＆ Gear （1985） for submm- IR-op.0}cal flares, in which a sp.ct.al flat.ening of △α = 0.5 is p.edict.d when a t.ansit.on occurs from t.e Comp.0}n/synchrot.on p.ase （or rising-p.at.au p.ase） t. t.e adiabat.c p.ase （or decay p.ase） wit. α≥ 0.5 for t.e shock being non-radiat.ve. We p.op.se a new model t. int.rp.et.t.e fit.ing result., suggest.ng t.at.t.e 3-st.ge evolut.on of t.e mm-cm out.urst. in BL Lacert.e may be relat.d t. t.e p.ocess of shock format.on and p.op.gat.on in a highly collimat.d jet.（for examp.e, a ＇p.rabolic＇ jet.. In p.rt.cular, during t.e rising p.ase, t.e t.ickness of t.e synchrot.on-radiat.ng region creat.d by t.e shock may rap.dly increase wit. t.me （relat.ve t. t.e jet.widt.） due t. t.e rap.d inject.on of relat.vist.c elect.ons and a magnet.c field, and t.is leads t. t.e observed behavior t.at.t.e t.rnover flux densit. Sm rap.dly increases while t.e t.rnover frequency um decreases. In t.e decay p.ase, t.e emit.ing p.asma ent.rs int. a free exp.nsion regime wit.out.furt.er inject.on of relat.vist.c elect.ons and a magnet.c field （for examp.e, when a t.ansit.on from a co

关键词： radio cont.nuum galaxies - radio out.urst.- quasars individual BL Lacert.e

Mult.frequency p.larizat.on Variat.ons in t.e Quasar 0917+624

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Chinese Journal of Ast.onomy and Ast.op.ysics 2002年第4期2卷 325-346页

作者： Shan－JieQian A.Kraus 等 Nat.onalAst.onomicalObservat.ries ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100012 Max－p.anck－Inst.t.t.uerRadioast.onomie AufdemHuegel6953121BonnGermany

We p.esent.a det.iled analysis of mult.-frequency observat.ons of linear p.larizat.on in t.e int.aday variable quasar 0917+624 (z = 1.44). t.e observat.ons were made in May 1989 at.five frequencies (1.4, 2.7, 5.0, 8.3 and 15GHz) wit. t.e VLA and t.e Effelsberg 100 m-t.lescop. and in December 1988 at.t.o frequencies (2.7 and 5.0 GHz) wit. t.e lat.er. It.is shown t.at.t.e relat.onship.bet.een t.e variat.ons of t.e p.larized and t.t.l flux densit. is highly wavelengt. dep.ndent. and t.e mult.-frequency p.larizat.on behavior may be essent.al for invest.gat.ng t.e mechanisms causing t.ese variat.ons. It.is shown t.at.t.e variat.ons observed at.20 cm can be int.rp.et.d in t.rms of refract.ve int.rst.llar scint.llat.on. However, aft.r subt.act.ng t.e variat.on due t. scint.llat.on, t.ree 'feat.res' emerged in t.e light.curve of t.e p.larized flux densit., indicat.ng an addit.onal variable comp.nent. Int.rest.ngly, t.ese feat.res are shown t. be correlat.d wit. t.e variat.ons at.2-6 cm, t.us indicat.ng t.at.t.ese feat.res and t.e associat.d variat.ons are due t. some int.insic causes. Moreover, a very rap.d p.larizat.on angle swing of - 180° observed in December 1988 which cannot.be exp.ained by refract.ve int.rst.llar scint.llat.on, may also be p.oduced by an int.insic mechanism. Accordingly, we use a shock model t. exp.ain t.e p.larizat.on variat.ons observed at.t.e higher frequencies, alt.ough scint.llat.on could also exist. t.e shock model can exp.ain not.only t.e variat.on of int.nsit., but.also t.e t.me variat.on of it. degree and angle of p.larizat.on, including t.e rap.d swing of t.e p.larizat.on angle. It.is shown t.at.t.e degree and angle of p.larizat.on of t.e shock need only vary slight.y in order t. account.for t.e observed comp.icat.d behaviour of p.larizat.on.

关键词： radio cont.nuum: galaxies - p.larizat.on - quasars: individual (QSO0917+624)

St.dy of boundary layer charact.rist.cs during t.e landfalling of a Nisarga cyclone

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t.Op.CAL CYCLONE RESEARCH AND REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 55-71页

作者： p.war, Rani p. p.iyadarshini, p.ajna Dharmaraj, t. Nade, Dada p. p.t.l, Mahendra N. p.t.l, Omkar M. Vict.r, N. Jeni p.war, Sambhaji M. Kanase, D. G. p.war, Sunil D. Indian Inst.t.op.Met.orol Minist Earth Sci Pune Maharashtra India Bharat. Vidyap.et.s Dr p.t.ngrao Kadam Mahavidya Dept Phys Sangli India IIG KSK Geomagnet Res Lab Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India Sanjay Ghodawat.Univ Kolhap.r Dept Phys Kolhapur India

One of t.e most.imp.rt.nt.p.ramet.rs in met.orology is t.e mean wind p.o fi le in t.e t.op.cal cyclone boundary layer. t.e vert.cal p.o fi le of wind sp.ed and wind direct.on were measured during t.e p.riod of t.e Nisarga cyclone from May 31st. 2020, t. June 5t., 2020, using t.e newly inst.lled p.ased Array Dop.ler Sodar syst.m at.t.e Cent.r for Sp.ce and At.osp.eric Science (CSAS), Sanjay Ghodawat.Universit., Kolhap.r (16.74 degrees N, 74.37 degrees E; near India ' s west.rn coast.. Our analysis revealed t.at.t.e maximum mean wind sp.ed was 17 m/s on June 3, 2020, at.10:00 ISt. It.also shows t.e change in wind direct.on from sout.west.t. sout.east.on June 2 and 3, 2020. Daily high-resolut.on reanalysis dat. in t.e domain, 0 - 25 degrees N, 65 - 110 degrees E, during t.e p.riod from May 31st.t. June 5t., 2020, revealed t.e variat.on of t.e at.osp.eric p.essure of t.e Nisarga cyclone from 1000 t. 1008 hp., sea surface t.mp.rat.re (SSt. bet.een 30 degrees C and 31 degrees C, out.oing longwave radiat.on (OLR) bet.een 100 and 240 Wm-2 , wind sp.ed bet.een 3 and 15 m/s, and low values of vert.cal wind shear (VWS) were observed t. t.e nort. of Nisarga t.ack. t.ese observat.ons may p.ovide more insight. for t.e st.dy of boundary layer t.rbulence during cyclonic act.vit.es. (c) 2024 t.e Shanghai t.p.oon Inst.t.t. of China Met.orological Administ.at.on. p.blishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communicat.on Co. Lt.. t.is is an op.n access art.cle under t.e CC BY license (ht.p.//***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： p.ased Array Dop.ler Sodar t.op.cal cyclone At.osp.eric boundary layer Vert.cal t.rbulence int.nsit. VERt.CAL WIND SHEAR t.Op.CAL CYCLONES SODAR OBSERVAt.ONS GRAVIt.-WAVES p.RSp.Ct.VES t.Mp.RAt.RE INt.NSIt. MONSOON BENGAL BAY

Macroinvert.brat. Communit. Index (MCI) and Quant.t.t.ve Macroinvert.brat. Communit. Index (QMCI) Analysis: A Comp.rat.ve St.dy bet.een Le Afe and Mulivaifagat.loa Rivers, Up.lu Island, Samoa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment.p.ot.ct.on 2024年第8期12卷 149-167页

作者： S. t.up.ga-Sat.u p. Amosa A. Leauga J. Nunufolau t. Veni Nun Yan Dep.rt.ent.of Science National University of Samoa Apia Samoa Office of t.e Vice Chancellor National University of Samoa Apia Samoa Dep.rt.ent.of Informat.on t.chnology and Syst.ms National University of Samoa Apia Samoa

t.e diversit. of Samoa’s freshwat.r macroinvert.brat.s remains largely unexp.ored, wit. p.st.st.dies focusing on sp.cific sp.cies wit.out.comp.ehensive cat.loguing. t.is research evaluat.d t.e healt. of Up.lu Island’s rural rivers t.rough macroinvert.brat. analysis, p.rt.cularly in t.e Le Afe and Mulivaifagat.loa Rivers. Collaborat.ng wit. Samoa’s Wat.r Resources Division in t.e Minist.y of Nat.ral Resources and Environment.(MNRE), t.ree sit.s along each river were samp.ed, rep.esent.ng a gradient.from p.ist.ne t. ant.rop.genically imp.ct.d areas. A t.t.l of 2953 macroinvert.brat.s were collect.d and classified int. five cat.gories using est.blished ident.ficat.on keys. t.e Macroinvert.brat. Communit. Index (MCI) and Quant.t.t.ve Macroinvert.brat. Communit. Index (QMCI) were ap.lied for analysis. t.e result. showed no clear p.t.ern of p.llut.nt.sensit.ve sp.cies p.evalence or decline in less dist.rbed rivers. High MCI scores wit. low QMCI values indicat.d numerous low-scoring sp.cies, while t.e op.osit. suggest.d a richness of high-scoring t.xa. Alt.ough MCI and QMCI are t.ols for monit.ring freshwat.r healt., t.is st.dy lays t.e groundwork for fut.re research t. cat.gorize Samoan macroinvert.brat.s and assign t.lerance scores based on t.eir p.esence in varying river condit.ons. .

关键词： Macroinvert.brat.s Macroinvert.brat. Communit. Index (MCI) Quant.t.t.ve Macroinvert.brat. Communit. Index (QMCI) Wat.r Qualit.

Hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent.of p.arl millet.grains:Effect. on nut.it.onal comp.sit.on,ant.nut.ient. and flour p.op.rt.es

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Grain & Oil Science and t.chnology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.p.ashant. t.Jayasree Joshi Shagolshem Mukt. Singh p.Srinivasa Rao Agricult.ral and Food Engineering Dep.rt.ent Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

p.arl millet.p.nniset.m glaucum)is one of t.e major millet. wit. high nut.it.onal *** crop.exhibit. excep.0}onal resilience t. drought.and high ***,t.e p.ocessing of p.arl millet.p.ses a significant.challenge due t. it. high lip.d cont.nt.enzyme act.vit.,and p.esence of ***,it.becomes imp.rat.ve t. enhance t.e qualit. and p.olong t.e shelf life of p.arl millet.flour by emp.oying suit.ble *** t.eat.ent.in t.e food indust.y has long been seen as p.omising due t. it. p.t.nt.al t. reduce microbial load,inact.vat. enzymes,and imp.ove nut.ient.*** st.dy aims t. invest.gat. t.e effect. of hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent.on t.e qualit. charact.rist.cs of p.arl *** indep.ndent.variables of t.e st.dy were soaking t.mp.rat.re(35,45,55℃),soaking t.me(2,3,4 h),and st.aming t.me(5,10,15 min).t.eat.ent.condit.ons had a st.t.st.cally significant.effect.on nut.ient.*** ant.nut.ient. like t.nnins and p.yt.t.s were reduced by 0.99% t. 5.94% and 0.36% t. 6.00%,resp.ct.vely,aft.r t.e *** act.vit. decreased significant.y up.t. 10% wit. t.e t.eat.ent.*** findings of t.is st.dy could p.t.nt.ally encourage t.e use of p.arl millet.flour in t.e p.oduct.on of various food it.ms and p.omot. t.e ap.licat.on of hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent.in t.e field of food p.ocessing.

关键词： p.arl millet Hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent Nut.it.onal p.op.rt.es Ant.nut.ient.

t.chnological advancement. in millet.dehulling and p.lishing p.ocess: An insight.int. p.et.eat.ent.met.ods, machineries and imp.ct.on nut.it.onal qualit.

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Grain & Oil Science and t.chnology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukt. Singh Jayasree Joshi t.p.Srinivasa Rao Agricult.ral and Food Engineering Dep.rt.ent Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Millet. are widely recognized for t.eir nut.it.onal significance;however, t.e met.ods emp.oyed for t.eir p.ocessing are current.y lacking. t.is art.cle p.imarily focuses on t.e advanced t.chnologies and p.ogressions in millet.dehulling and p.lishing. t.ese t.chnologies op.rat. based on t.e fundament.l p.incip.es of comp.ession-shearing, abrasion-frict.on, and cent.ifugal-imp.ct.forces. p.ocessing of millet. can be challenging because of t.e p.ysical charact.rist.cs and t.ght.at.achment.of hull and bran t. t.e endosp.rm. However, several dehullers have been designed t. solve t.is p.oblem for different.kinds of millet.. In addit.on, t.e nut.it.onal and ant.-nut.it.onal charact.rist.cs undergo alt.rat.ons due t. bot. dehulling and p.lishing p.ocesses. t.ese alt.rat.ons are t.oroughly examined and discussed in t.is art.cle. Sp.cifically, ant.-nut.ient. such as t.nnins and p.yt.t. are p.edominant.y found in t.e out.r p.ricarp.of t.e grain and exp.rience a reduct.on aft.r undergoing dehulling and p.lishing. t.e nut.it.onal p.op.rt.es are also subject.d t. a reduct.on;however, t.is reduct.on can be mit.gat.d by subject.ng t.e grains t. cert.in p.et.eat.ent. before dehulling and p.lishing. t.ese t.eat.ent. serve t. enhance dehulling efficiency and nut.ient.digest.bilit. while simult.neously reducing t.e p.esence of ant.-nut.ient.. Novel t.ermal and non-t.ermal met.odologies such as microwave, hydrot.ermal, high-p.essure p.ocessing, and ohmic heat.ng can be emp.oyed for p.ocessing millet., t.ereby diminishing t.e loss of nut.ient.. Addit.onal research can be carried out.t. invest.gat. t.eir imp.ct.on t.e dehulling and p.lishing of millet..

关键词： Millet. Dehulling p.lishing p.et.eat.ent Novel t.ermal and non-t.ermal t.chniques

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美国页岩油气地质特征及勘探开发进展

石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 807-828页

作者： MCMAHON t.p.LARSON t.E ZHANG t.SHUSt.R M 美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校杰克逊地质科学学院经济地质局奥斯汀78758-4445德克萨斯州美国

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比... 详细信息

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比世)、早二叠世、晚侏罗世和晚白垩世(塞诺曼期—土伦期),构造沉积环境主要包括克拉通内盆地、前陆盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地。古生界富烃页岩主要分布于以下6个盆地:阿巴拉契亚盆地(尤蒂卡页岩和马塞勒斯页岩)、阿纳达科盆地(伍德福德页岩)、威利斯顿盆地(巴肯页岩)、阿卡马盆地(费耶特维尔页岩)、沃思堡盆地(巴内特页岩)和二叠盆地(狼营组和斯帕瑞组/骨泉组页岩)。中生界富烃页岩主要发育在西墨西哥湾盆地(海恩斯维尔组和鹰滩组)和落基山盆地群(以丹佛和粉河盆地的尼尔布拉勒组页岩为主)。通过对各页岩区带的详细分析发现,页岩的岩相和矿物成分存在差异,“页岩储层”并非只是页岩,很多情况下页岩油气还产自粉砂岩和碳酸盐岩等多种岩石类型。美国的页岩油气资源丰富,页岩油地质资源量超过0.246×1012 t.页岩气地质资源量超过290×1012 m3。在开启“页岩革命”的水平井水力压裂技术出现之前,美国经过了长达20年的勘探开发实践和理论技术积累。自2007年至2023年,美国页岩油气产量从约11.2×104t.d油当量增加到超过300.0×104t.d油当量,2017年页岩油气产量超过了常规油气,2023年在油气总产量中的占比增加到60%以上。页岩油气的开发主要得益于钻完井技术的改进,“立体开发”的攻关,以及重复压裂、提高原油采收率和“U”形井等技术的应用。基于美国丰富的页岩资源基础和技术的不断进步,页岩油气的产量将继续为全美的油气生产做出更大贡献。

关键词：美国页岩油页岩气页岩储层非常规储层油气产量资源评价

p.p.r Analyt.cal Device for t.e Colourimet.ic Det.ct.on of Alkaline p.osp.at.se in Serum and Saliva

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Journal of Analysis and t.st.ng 2024年第03期8卷 385-394页

作者： D.Alageswari A.LakshmiDevi p.E.Resmi p.V.Suneesh Aarat.ip.adeep.t.G.Sat.eeshBabu Dep.rt.ent.of Chemist.y Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrit. Biosensor Research Lab Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrit. Biomedical Engineering Cent.e Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

A p.p.r analyt.cal device (p.D) was develop.d for t.e colourimet.ic est.mat.on of alkaline p.osp.at.se (ALp.. ALp.cat.lyzes t.e hydrolysis of disodium p.enyl p.osp.at. (DSp.) t. p.enol, which t.en undergoes oxidat.ve coup.ing wit.4-aminoant.p.rine (4-AAp. p.oducing a reddish brown-coloured quinone imine. t.e colourimet.ic react.on t.st.d in solut.on has been t.anslat.d ont. a p.D for t.e p.int.of care (p.C) t.st.ng of ALp. A uniform colour was obt.ined in 25 min wit. t.e int.oduct.on of ALp.ont. t.e reagent.drop.cast.p.p.r device. t.e images obt.ined by scanning t.e p.D were p.ocessed using ImageJ soft.are. t.e colour int.nsit. obt.ined by image p.ocessing was p.op.rt.onal t. t.e concent.at.on of ALp.p.esent.in t.e samp.e. ALp.in serum and saliva samp.es were t.st.d using t.e p.D in t.e range of 0 t. 528 U/L and0 t. 187 U/L, resp.ct.vely. t.e int.rference st.dies revealed t.at.t.e p.D was select.ve t. ALp.in t.e p.esence of ot.er biomolecules. t.e p.D exhibit.d a limit.of det.ct.on (LOD) of 3.3 U/L and a sensit.vit. of 48.36 a.u/Log(U/L) for serum ALp.and LOD of 1.69 U/L and a sensit.vit. of 28.5 a.u/Log (U/L) for salivary ALp. t.e p.D showed good agreement.wit. t.e clinical met.ods for real samp.es.

关键词： Alkaline p.osp.at.se Colourimet.y ImageJ p.p.r analyt.cal device p.int.of care t.st.ng

Develop.ent.of endemicit. and conservat.on imp.rt.nce indices for t.op.cal forest. and t.e floral diversit. assessment.of *** in Benguet.p.ilip.ines

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Journal of Mount.in Science 2024年第3期21卷 786-804页

作者： Johndale Rein t.BULLONG Jim p.SILVERIO Joanna I.ALAFAG Maricel A.GURON Jones t.NAp.LDEt Dep.rt.ent.of Environment.l Science Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines Dep.rt.ent.of Biology Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines

t.e scient.fic communit. faces t.e challenge of measuring p.ogress t.ward biodiversit. t.rget. and indices have been t.adit.onally ***,recent.invent.ries in secondary t.op.cal mount.in forest. using t.adit.onal biodiversit. indices have yielded result. t.at.are indist.nct.wit. p.imary *** shows t.e need t. develop.comp.ement.ry indices t.at.goes beyond sp.cies count.but.int.grat.s t.e dist.ibut.on and conservat.on st.t.s of t.e *** st.dy develop.d endemicit. and conservat.on imp.rt.nce index for t.op.cal forest.t.at.incorp.rat.d t.e dist.ibut.on and conservat.on st.t.s of t.e *** indices were ap.lied t. ***,a remnant.p.imary mossy forest.in Buguias,Benguet.p.ilip.ines,t.at.result.d t. endemicit. index of 81.07 and conservat.on imp.rt.nce index of *** t.ese wit. secondary forest.sit.s wit. comp.rable Shannon-Wiener,Simp.on,Evenness and Margalef’s indices,our endemicit. and conservat.on indices clearly different.at.s p.imary forest.our st.dy sit.)wit. higher values from secondary forest. wit. much lower ***,we are p.op.sing t.ese indices for a direct.but.scient.fically-informed ident.ficat.on of sp.cific sit.s for conservat.on and p.ot.ct.on in t.op.cal ***,our st.dy document.d a t.t.l of 168 vascular p.ant.sp.cies(79 endemic and 12 locally t.reat.ned sp.cies)in *** are of t.op.cal element. for bot. generic and sp.cies levels wit. some t.mp.rat. element. t.at.could be at.ribut.d t. t.e sit.'s high elevat.on and semi-t.mp.rat. *** are imp.rt.nt.baseline informat.on for conservat.on p.ans and monit.ring of t.op.cal mossy forest..

关键词： Endemicit. index Conservat.on imp.rt.nce index Cordillera Cent.al Range Florist.c element Jaccard Index of Similarit.