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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2008年第6期15卷 87-94页

作者： G Magudeeswaran V balasubramanian G Madhusudhan Reddy t s balasubramanian Center for Advanced Materials Joining and Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University Metal Joining section Defence MetallurgicalResearch Laboratory special Vehicles Division Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment

Quenched and tempered steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking in the heat affected zone after welding. the use of austenitic stainless steel consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. In this investigation, an attempt was made to determine a suitable consumable to replace expensive austenitic consumables. two different consumables, namely, austenitie stain less steel and low hydrogen ferritic steel, were used to fabricate the joints by shielded metal are welding （sMAW） and flux cored arc welding （FCAW） processes. the joints fabricated by using low hydrogen ferritic steel consumables showed superior transverse tensile properties, whereas joints fabricated by using austenitic stainless steel consumables exhibited better impact toughness, irrespective of the welding process used. the sMAW joints exhibited superior mechanical and impact properties, irrespective of the consumables used, than their FCAW counterparts.

关键词： shielded metal arc welding process flux cored arc welding process austenitie stainless steel low hydro gen ferritic steel transverse tensile property impact toughness

Influence of welding processes on microstructure, tensile and impact properties of ti-6Al-4V alloy joints

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2011年第6期21卷 1253-1262页

作者： t. s. balasubramanian M. BALAKRIsHNAN V. balasubramanian M. A. MUtHU MANICKAM Combat Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) Center for Materials Joining Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

titanium alloys have been successfully applied for aerospace, ship and chemical industries because they possess many good characteristics such as high specific strength, superior corrosion resistance and excellent high temperature resistance. though these alloys show reasonable weldability characteristics, the joint properties are greatly influenced by the welding processes. Weld thermal cycle of the processes will control the weld metal solidification and subsequent phase transformation and resultant microstructure. the welded joints of ti-6Al-4V alloy were fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding （GtAW）, laser beam welding （LBW） and electron beam welding （EBW） processes. the joints fabricated by EBW process exhibit higher strength compared with the GtAW and LBW joints; but the joints by GtAW process exhibit higher impact toughness compared with the LBW and EBW joints. the resultant tensile and impact properties of the welded joints were correlated with the weld metal microstructures.

关键词： titanium alloy gas tungsten arc welding laser beam welding electron beam welding

Optimizing pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding parameters of AA6061 aluminium alloy using Hooke and Jeeves algorithm

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第5期18卷 1028-1036页

作者： s.BABU t.sENtHIL KUMAR V.balasubramanian Centre for Materials Joining Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002Tamil NaduIndia Department of Automobile technology Bharathidasan Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityTiruchirappalli-620 016Tamil NaduIndia

though the preferred welding process to weld aluminium alloy is frequently constant current gas tungsten arc welding (CCGtAW),it resulted in grain coarsening at the fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ).Hence,pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding(PCGtAW) was performed,to yield finer fusion zone grains,which leads to higher strength of AA6061 (Al-Mg-si) aluminium alloy *** order to determine the most influential control factors which will yield minimum fusion zone grain size and maximum tensile strength of the joints,the traditional Hooke and Jeeves pattern search method was *** experiments were carried out based on central composite design with 31 runs and an algorithm was developed to optimize the fusion zone grain size and the tensile strength of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded AA6061 aluminium alloy *** results indicate that the peak current (Ip) and base current (IB) are the most significant parameters,to decide the fusion zone grain size and the tensile strength of the AA6061 aluminum alloy joints.

关键词：脉冲电流钨电极惰性气体保护焊铝合金颗粒尺寸

Effect of Pulsed Current tIG Welding Parameters on Pitting Corrosion Behaviour of AA6061 Aluminium Alloy

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2007年第2期23卷 223-229页

作者： t.senthil Kumar V.balasubramanian M.Y.sanavullah s.Babu Department of Automobile technology Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620 024India Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar 608 002India Principal V.M.K.V.Engineering CollegeSalem 636 308India

Medium strength aluminium alloy （Al-Mg-si alloy） has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high strength-to weight ratio, such as transportable bridge girders, military vehicles, road tankers and railway transport systems. the preferred welding process for aluminium alloy is frequently tIG （tungsten inert gas） welding due to its comparatively easier applicability and better *** the case of single pass tIG welding of thinner section of this alloy, the pulsed current has been found beneficial due to its advantages over the conventional continuous current process. the use of pulsed current parameters has been found to improve the mechanical properties of the welds compared to those of continuous current welds of this alloy due to grain refinement occurring in the fusion zone. A mathematical model has been developed to predict pitting corrosion potential of pulsed current tIG welded AA6061 aluminium *** experimental design has been used to optimize the experimental conditions. Analysis of variance technique has been used to find out the significant pulsed current parameters. Regression analysis has been used to develop the model. Using the developed model pitting corrosion potential values have been estimated for different combinations of pulsed current parameters and the results are analyzed in detail.

关键词： Pulsed current tungsten inert gas welding Medium strength aluminium alloy Pitting corrosion Design of experiments Analysis of variance

spatiotemporal detection of land use/land cover changes and land surface temperature using Landsat and MODIs data across the coastal Kanyakumari district, India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 172-181页

作者： s.Chrisben sam Gurugnanam balasubramanian Centre for Applied Geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to Be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia

this study assesses the changes in land use/land cover(LULC) and land surface temperature(Lst) to identify their impacts from 2000 to 2020 along the coast of Kanyakumari district, India using remote sensing techniques. Landsat images are used to estimate the LULC changes and the MODIs data for *** Maximum Likelihood Classification(MLC) method is used, and the LULC is classified into six categories: Agriculture Land, Barren Land, salt Pan, sandy Beach, settlement, and Waterbody. Within the two decades of the present change detection study, upheave in the settlement area of 49.89% is noticed, and the Agriculture Land is exploited by 20.09%. salt Pan emits a high Lst of 31.57°C, and the Waterbodies are noticed with a low Lst of 28.9°C. However, the overall rate of Lst decreased by 0.56°C during this period. this study will help policymakers make appropriate planning and management to overcome the impact of LULC and Lst in the forthcoming years.

关键词： Land use/land cover Land surface temperature Landsat MODIs and remote sensing

Effect of Notch Location on Fatigue Life Prediction of strength Mismatched HsLA steel Weldments

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Journal of Materials science & technology 2004年第2期20卷 129-135页

作者： s.Ravi V.balasubramanian s.Nemat Nasser Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalainagar-608 002. Tamil Nadu IndiaDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University Annamalainagar-608 002. Tamil Nadu IndiaCentre of Excellence for Advanced Materials University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0416 USA

Welding of high strength low alloy steels (HsLA) involves usage of low, even and high strength filler materials (electrodes) than the parent material depending on the application of the welded structures and the availability of the filler material. In the present investigation, the fatigue crack growth behaviour of weld metal (WM) and heat affected zone (HAZ) regions of under matched (UM), equal matched (EM) and over matched (OM) joints has been studied. the base material used in this investigation is HsLA-80 steel of weldable grade. shielded metal arc welding (sMAW) process has been used to fabricate the butt joints. Centre cracked tension (CCt) specimen has been used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour of the welded joints. Fatigue crack growth experiments have been conducted using servo hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine at constant amplitude loading (R=0).A method has been proposed to predict the fatigue life of HsLA steel welds using fracture mechanics approach by incorporating influences of mismatch ratio (MMR) and notch location.

关键词： shielded metal arc welding High strength low alloy steel Mismatch ratio Notch location Fatigue crack growth Fatigue life

Evaluation of Dry sliding Wear Behaviour of Plasma transferred Arc Hardfaced stainless steel

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2009年第4期16卷 49-54页

作者： C s Ramachandran V balasubramanian R Varahamoorthy Centre for Materials Joining and Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai University

the effects of different experimental conditions on the dry sliding wear behavior of stainless steel surface produced by plasma transferred arc （PtA） hardfacing process were studied. the wear test was conducted in a pinon-roller wear testing machine, at constant sliding distance of 1 kin. Mathematical models were developed to estimate wear rate incorporating with rotational speed, applied load and roller hardness using statistical tools such as design of experiments, regression analysis and analysis of variance. It is found that the wear resistance of the PtA hardfaced stainless steel surface is better than that of the carbon steel substrate.

关键词： dry sliding wear plasma transferred arc hardfacing carbon steel stainless steel variance analysis experimental design

studies on bioprospecting potential of a gastropod mollusc Cantharus tranquebaricus(Gmelin,1791)

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical Biomedicine 2012年第10期2卷 759-764页

作者： G sarumathi M Arumugam s Kumaresan t balasubramanian Annamalai University Faculty of Marine SciencesCentre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology

Objective:to study the biological activities of the tissue extract of Cantharus tranquebaricus(***).Methods:Crude extract of gastropod was tested for inhibition of bacterial *** assay was carried out by disc diffusion method and the activity was measured accordingly based on the inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with gastropod *** weight of the extract was determined by using *** coagulation,Fibrin plate assay and substrate sDs-PAGE were used to determine the effect of sample on plasma coagulation,fibrin(ogen)olytic and proteolytic;***:the maximum inhibition zone(10 mm)was observed against Vibrio cholera(***)and minimum inhibition zone(2 mm)was noticed against Proteus mirablis(***).the molecular weight was determined as *** tissue extract shows proteolytic activity above 48 ***-PAGE analysis of fibrinogen after incubation with the tissue extract showed fibrinogenolytic *** plasma coagulation assay *** tissue extract showed procoagulant property and it coagulated chicken plasma within 150 s,while control took 5 min to *** 9 HU hemolytic units were found against chicken blood and also exhibit high level of brine shrimp ***:this study suggests that *** could be used as potential source for isolating bioactive compounds,since it is explored first time and found with promising results.

关键词： Antimicrobial Proteolytic Fibrinolytic Hemolytic Brine shrimp lethality Cantharus tranquebaricus Plasma coagulation

Establishing empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-t6 aluminium alloy joints

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2010年第10期20卷 1863-1872页

作者： s.RAJAKUMAR C.MURALIDHA RAN V.balasubramanian Department of Manufacturing Engineering Annamalai University

AA 6061-t6 aluminium alloy(Al-Mg-si alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring a high specific strength and good corrosion *** with the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys,friction stir welding(FsW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material welded does not melt and *** strength is influenced by the grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget ***,an attempt was made to develop empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-t6 aluminium alloy *** empirical relationships are developed by response surface methodology(RsM) incorporating FsW tool and process parameters.A linear regression relationship was also established between grain size and tensile strength of the weld nugget of FsW joints.

关键词： AA 6061-t6 alloy friction stir welding analysis of variance regression analysis grain size tensile strength

Application of Response surface Methodolody to Prediction of Dilution in Plasma transferred Arc Hardfacing of stainless steel on Carbon steel

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2009年第1期16卷 44-53页

作者： V balasubramanian A K Lakshminarayanan R Varahamoorthy s Babu Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar 608002Tamil NaduIndia

the application of response surface methodology was highlighted to predict and optimize the percentage of dilution of iron-based hardfaced surface produced by the PtA （plasma tratisferred arc welding） process. the experiments were conducted based on five-factor five-level central composite rotatable design with full replication technique and a mathematical model was developed using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the response surface methodology was also used to optimize the process parameters that yielded the lowest percentage of dilution.

关键词： plasma transferred arc hardfacing dilution response surface methodology