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Effects of Maternal Death on Children Living in the Sagnarigu Municipality

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第3期14卷 334-347页

作者： David Z. Kolbila Abdul-Razak Doat David S. Nigarim Wilfred Kwose sylvanus kampo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medicine and Dentistry C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Introduction: The greatest effect of maternal mortality is renowned in children aged 2 - 5 months whose mothers had died. Children whose mothers died due to maternal complications were likely to record a higher mortality in infancy compared to children of surviving mothers. Motherless children mostly suffer a lot due to lack of day-to-day care, isolation, lack of motivation as well as economic cost associated with mother’s death. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the lives of children whose mothers passed away during childbirth at the Sagnarigu Municipality. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out at the Sagnarigu Municipal. The study recruited 297 respondents. To assess the effects of maternal death on the lives of children, families that experienced maternal death were assessed. The number of pregnancies experienced by the deceased woman, pregnancy-related complaints experienced, determinants of maternal death, number of children alive, and their standard of living were assessed with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Results: The data showed that negligence, illiteracy, poor road access, poverty, ignorance, delays in recognizing the problem, delays in making appropriate decisions, delays in the health facility, delays in giving the appropriate treatments, and traditional beliefs were some of the factors that led to maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipality. Conclusion: The study concluded that determinants of maternal death in the Sagnarigu Municipal included the following;negligence, illiteracy, poverty, and delays in recognizing the problem. The study findings also demonstrated that the effects of maternal death on children are diverse and cut across different areas of a child’s life including livelihood sustenance, healthcare, education, and emotional and psychological development.

关键词： Maternal Death Effects Orphans Children Pregnancy Childbirth

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Prevalence and Demographic Distributions of Pre-Eclampsia among Pregnant Women at Ho Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 621-636页

作者： Adwoa Nyarko Joshua A. Kunfah David Z. Kolbilla Collins Adombire Akayuure Jamilatu B. Kappiah sylvanus kampo Department of Physician Assistantship School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Anaesthesia Wa Regional Hospital Wa Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, pre-eclampsia remains a major health problem contributing to high rates of maternal mortality. Despite this condition having adverse effects on maternal and child health, its prevalence and associated risk factors are still significant, especially in developing countries including Ghana. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic distributions associated with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods: A facility-based retrospective study was conducted by reviewing available data or hospital records of pregnant mothers admitted to the labor and maternity wards from January 2018 to December 2020. All pregnant women who were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia within this period were included in the study. The data were collected using a structured checklist. Results: 5609 data on pregnant women from 2018 to 2020 were recorded. Out of the 5609 data recorded, 314 pre-eclampsia cases were recorded giving an overall prevalence of 5.6%. The yearly prevalence for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 4.6%, 5.6%, and 6.6%, respectively. The most recorded pre-eclampsia cases were seen among women within the age group of 18 - 24 years. The data showed that 112 (35.7%) of the pregnant women who had pre-eclampsia were nulliparous. Pre-eclampsia-associated maternal and fetal complications were;preterm delivery 221 (70.4%), intrauterine fetal death 62 (19.7%), eclampsia 9 (2.9%), HELLP syndrome 5 (1.6%) and maternal death 17 (5.4%). Associated factors of pre-eclampsia were parity, level of education, and occupation (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a rising trend in the incidence of pre-eclampsia over the years at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Parity, level of education, and occupation were found to be associated with developing pre-eclampsia.

关键词： Pre-Eclampsia Prevalence Demographic Distributions Risk Factors Antenatal Maternal

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Propofol with Varied Functions: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity for Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus—A Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 13-24页

作者： Thomas W. Anabah Fidelis Bayor David Z. Kolbila Terence Kunfire Dakurah sylvanus kampo Juventus B. Ziem Anaesthesia Unit Habana Medical Services Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesiology Lawra Municipal Hospital Ghana Health Service Lawra Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Medical Microbiology School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Background: Despite the advances in anesthetics and non-pharmacological techniques, the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in all patients remains high. It is one of the most common distressing symptoms that cause dissatisfaction among patients after anesthesia and surgery. A sub-hypnotic dose of propofol has been shown to reduce morphine-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. This review article will provide sufficient knowledge on the role of propofol in minimizing opioid-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus by providing detailed information on propofol antiemetic and antipruritic effects, as well as discussions based on empirically available data. Method: We conducted a narrative review of the literature published between 1990 and 2023 from a range of databases;PubMed, BioMed Central, Biosis Previews, Nature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Springer-Link, and Elsevier. Discussion and Conclusion: The literatures reviewed in this study have demonstrated that propofol may have diverse therapeutic effects including antiemetic and antipruritic. The antiemetic effect of propofol may be an effective therapeutic approach for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The literature also demonstrated that the use of propofol for sedation during surgery may as well ameliorates opioids induced postoperative pruritus, which may be beneficial to surgical patients. Also, it was demonstrated that prophylactic use of propofol may be an effective way of preventing nausea and vomiting and pruritus during opioid use.

关键词： Propofol Nausea Vomiting Antiemetic Antipruritic Surgery

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Effects of Maternal Death on Children Living in the Sagnarigu Municipality

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology（妇产科期刊） 2024年第3期 334页

作者： David Z.Kolbila Abdul-Razak Doat David S.Nigarim Wilfred Kwose sylvanus kampo

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Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Bupivacaine with or without Morphine in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery. A Comparative Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第3期13卷 58-74页

作者： Alexis Dun Bo-ib Buunaaim Comfort Adubia Fidelis Bayor sylvanus kampo Department of Surgery School of Medicine and Health Science University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medicine and Health Science University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Physiology School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Background: Lower limb orthopaedic surgeries are commonly associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Adequate pain relief is essential for patients undergoing such procedures, as uncontrolled pain can lead to delayed recovery, prolonged hospitalization, and increased morbidity. Intrathecal administration of bupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic, has been shown to provide effective analgesia after lower limb orthopaedic surgery. However, the duration of analgesia with bupivacaine alone is limited, and the addition of an opioid, such as morphine, can prolong the duration of analgesia. Objective: The objective of this study was to document the comparative effect of adding morphine to intrathecal bupivacaine or only intrathecal bupivacaine for lower limb trauma orthopedic surgeries in terms of onset of action, duration of analgesia, pain severity, and side effects. Methods: This was a comparative longitudinal study design conducted at the Orthopaedic Unit of the Tamale Teaching Hospital. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 60 patients. A standard structured questionnaire was also used to collect data on the socio-demographics, and clinical features of patients, drug used,side effects and severity of pain at 24,48 and 72 hrs after surgery. Results: Co-administration of intrathecal bupivacaine with morphine produced good and long-lasting postoperative analgesia with a mean time of 1004.25 ± 310.43 minutes, whiles using only bupivacaine produced shorter postoperative analgesia with a mean time of 294.75 ± 195.53 minutes. The p-value p values of p = 0.635 and p = 0.689 respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that co-administration of intrathecal bupivacaine with morphine emerged as a better option for postoperative pain management after lower limb orthopedic surgeries as compared to administering only bupivacaine regarding the duration of analgesia. Milder side effects like pruritus, nausea, and vomiting were seen in group B than in

关键词： Bupivacaine Morphine Pain Analgesia Orthopedic Surgery

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Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Bupivacaine with or without Morphine in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery. A Comparative Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology（麻醉学期刊） 2023年第3期

作者： Alexis Dun Bo-ib Buunaaim Comfort Adubia Fidelis Bayor sylvanus kampo

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塞拉利昂公立医院护士工作压力的现状调查和分析

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中国医学工程 2024年第3期32卷 57-63页

作者：梁银华 sylvanus Gbekpa 唐云红中南大学湘雅医院护理临床教研室湖南长沙410078 中南大学湘雅医院手术室湖南长沙410078 中塞友好医院塞拉利昂共和国弗里敦中南大学湘雅医院脑血管外科湖南长沙410078

目的了解塞拉利昂护士工作压力现状和应对方式,分析其影响因素,为有针对性地采取措施提高当地护士的职业心理健康,降低护士工作压力提供依据,也为我国制定对外卫生援助政策和方式提供参考。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取塞拉利昂两所公立医... 详细信息

目的了解塞拉利昂护士工作压力现状和应对方式,分析其影响因素,为有针对性地采取措施提高当地护士的职业心理健康,降低护士工作压力提供依据,也为我国制定对外卫生援助政策和方式提供参考。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取塞拉利昂两所公立医院124名护士为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、护士工作压力源和简易应对方式量表调查其工作压力及影响因素。结果该两所医院护士工作压力源量表总条目均分为(2.93±0.45)分,单项条目得分最高是工作收入低,为(3.66±0.69)分,单项条目得分最低是护理操作会引起病人的疼痛,为(2.28±0.95)分。单因素分析结果显示,年资高的护士、本科文凭及以上的护士、儿科护士、助产士工作压力高,与其他相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。广义线性回归分析结果显示,科室是塞拉利昂护士工作压力程度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论塞拉利昂护士的工作压力较高,我国的对外医疗援助在改善地区医疗卫生资源硬件配置的同时,也应该重视并促进当地医务人员的心理健康。

关键词：公立医院护士工作压力塞拉利昂应对方式影响因素

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Structure and Dynamics of Fisheries in Nigeria

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2007年第3期6卷 281-291页

作者： Nwafili sylvanus A. GAO TianXiang Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 P. R. China Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources P. M. B. 5023 Asaba Delta State Nigeria

The changes that have taken place in Nigerian fisheries are reviewed. Artisanal fishery has continued to dominate the fisheries,contributing over 85% of total fish production. The inland water and coastal seas are fully exploited and the increase in fishery production is not likely. Aquaculture potentials remain untapped as much as deep-sea fisheries. The combined potential of the fisheries resources-freshwater,marine and aquaculture can meet over 90% of the nation's demand for fish. Opportunities for invest-ments,therefore,exist in the various subsectors,especially in the areas of storage,processing and preservation for the capture fishery and fish seed multiplication for aquaculture.

关键词： artisanal fisheries aquaculture resources marine fishery resources freshwater fishery resources

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Vegetation structure,dominance patterns and height growth in an Afromontane forest,Southern Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 453-462页

作者： sylvanus Mensah Anthony Egeru Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo Romain GleleKakai Laboratoire de Biomathematiques et d’Estimations Forestieres Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525 CotonouBenin Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture Makerere UniversityP.O Box 16811WandegeyaKampalaUganda Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquee Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBenin

Information on forest structure is fundamentally important to track successional vegetation dynamics for efficient forest *** study reports on vegetation characteristics,dominance patterns and species height growth in a northern mistbelt forest type in South *** alpha-diversity indices(species richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity),structural vegetation parameters(tree density and basal area),and species importance value index were *** class distribution and height-diameter allometry were further examined for the overall stand and most important *** densities(472.0±43.5 and 605.3±28.1 trees ha^-1 for C 5 cm to\10 cm and C 10 cm dbh(diameter at breast height)classes,respectively)and basal area values(1.99±0.19 and 48.07±3.46 m^2 ha^-1,respectively)are comparable to other Afromontane forests in East *** overall stand showed an inverted-J shaped distribution pattern which is a typical feature of stand size class distribution in most natural *** ecologically important species also exhibited an inverted-J shaped distribution pattern,suggesting good regeneration and recruitment *** were significant differences in species on height,reflecting species-specific height growth patterns,possibly a result of intrinsic growth potential and competitive *** present study suggests that conservation and management policies,including protection of surrounding land uses against fire,contribute to maintaining a successful recovery of these ***,it should be noted that these forests may be experiencing relatively slow dynamic flux as a result of the overmature state of some trees with several years under relatively strict protection.

关键词： Diversity Population structure Species composition Size class distribution

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Grazing effects on vegetation dynamics in the savannah ecosystems of the Sahel

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 752-763页

作者： Haftay Hailu Gebremedhn Ousmane Ndiaye sylvanus Mensah Cofélas Fassinou Simon Taugourdeau Torbern Tagesson Paulo Salgado African Center of Excellence for Climate-Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation Haramaya UniversityP.O.Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia Dispositif en Partenariat«Pôle Pastoralisme Et Zones Sèches» Route du Front de Terre BP 2057Pôle de Recherche de HannISRADakarSenegal Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra Institut Sénégalais de Recherches AgricolesDakarSenegal Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Facultédes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgFreiburg Im BreisgauGermany Facultédes Sciences et Techniques Département BVUniversitéCheikh-Anta-DiopDakarSenegal UMR SELMET CIRADINRAEInstitut Agro Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversitySölvegatan 1222362 LundSweden Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenØster Voldgade 101350 CopenhagenDenmark

Background The savannah ecosystems of Sahel have experienced continuous and heavy grazing of livestock for centuries but still,their vegetation response to grazing pressure remains poorly *** this study,we analysed the herbaceous plant dynamics,measured by species diversity,composition,cover,and biomass in response to grazing pressure in the savannah ecosystems of *** Senegal,we selected four savannah sites represented with high,moderate,light and no grazing intensity *** survey methods were used for sampling the vegetation data within each of the *** richness and composition were analysed using species accumulation curve and multivariate ***,we used General Linear Models and a piecewise Structural Equation Model(pSEM)to examine the relationships between grazing intensity,vegetation cover,diversity and *** The herbaceous species diversity and composition varied significantly among the different grazing intensity levels(p<0.001).The plant species composition shifted from the dominance of grass cover to the dominance of forb cover with increasing grazing ***,the attributes of species diversity,herbaceous biomass,and ground cover were higher on sites with low grazing than sites with high and moderate grazing *** all sites,species diversity was positively related to total *** pSEM explained 37%of the variance in total biomass and revealed that grazing intensity negatively influenced total biomass both directly and indirectly through its negative influence on species *** Managing grazing intensity may lead to higher plant production and higher mixed forage establishment in the dryland savannah *** information can be used to support land management strategies and promote sustainable grazing practices that balance the needs of livestock with the conservation of ecosystem health and biodiversity.

关键词： Biomass Biodiversity Diodella sarmentosa Forb Grazing intensity Invasive species Pastoral ecosystem Senegal West Africa

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