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Grazing effects on vegetation dynamics in the savannah ecosystems of the Sahel

Ecological Processes 2023年第4期12卷 110-121页

作者： Haftay Hailu Gebremedhn Ousmane Ndiaye sylvanus mensah Cofélas Fassinou Simon Taugourdeau Torbern Tagesson Paulo Salgado African Center of Excellence for Climate-Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation Haramaya University Dispositif en Partenariat 《 P?le Pastoralisme Et Zones Sèches 》 Route du Front de Terre BP 2057 P?le de Recherche de Hann ISRA Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-Universit?t Freiburg Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département BV Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop UMR SELMET CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Univ Montpellier Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen

Background The savannah ecosystems of Sahel have experienced continuous and heavy grazing of livestock for centuries but still, their vegetation response to grazing pressure remains poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the herbaceous plant dynamics, measured by species diversity, composition, cover, and biomass in response to grazing pressure in the savannah ecosystems of Sahel. In Senegal, we selected four savannah sites represented with high, moderate, light and no grazing intensity levels. Transect survey methods were used for sampling the vegetation data within each of the sites. Species richness and composition were analysed using species accumulation curve and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, we used General Linear Models and a piecewise Structural Equation Model(p SEM) to examine the relationships between grazing intensity, vegetation cover, diversity and *** The herbaceous species diversity and composition varied significantly among the different grazing intensity levels(p <0.001). The plant species composition shifted from the dominance of grass cover to the dominance of forb cover with increasing grazing pressure. Moreover, the attributes of species diversity, herbaceous biomass, and ground cover were higher on sites with low grazing than sites with high and moderate grazing intensity. Across all sites, species diversity was positively related to total biomass. The p SEM explained 37% of the variance in total biomass and revealed that grazing intensity negatively influenced total biomass both directly and indirectly through its negative influence on species *** Managing grazing intensity may lead to higher plant production and higher mixed forage establishment in the dryland savannah ecosystems. This information can be used to support land management strategies and promote sustainable grazing practices that balance the needs of livestock with the conservation of ecosystem health and biodiversity.

关键词： Biomass Biodiversity Diodella sarmentosa Forb Grazing intensity Invasive species Pastoral ecosystem Senegal West Africa

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Grazing effects on vegetation dynamics in the savannah ecosystems of the Sahel

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Ecological Processes 2023年 752-763页

作者： Haftay Hailu Gebremedhn Ousmane Ndiaye sylvanus mensah Cofélas Fassinou Simon Taugourdeau Torbern Tagesson Paulo Salgado African Center of Excellence for Climate-Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation Haramaya University Dispositif en Partenariat 《P?le Pastoralisme Et Zones Sèches》 Route du Front de Terre BP 2057 P?le de Recherche de HannISRA Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-Universit?t Freiburg Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département BV Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop UMR SELMET CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Univ Montpellier Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen

Background The savannah ecosystems of Sahel have experienced continuous and heavy grazing of livestock for centuries but still, their vegetation response to grazing pressure remains poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the herbaceous plant dynamics, measured by species diversity, composition, cover, and biomass in response to grazing pressure in the savannah ecosystems of Sahel. In Senegal, we selected four savannah sites represented with high, moderate, light and no grazing intensity levels. Transect survey methods were used for sampling the vegetation data within each of the sites. Species richness and composition were analysed using species accumulation curve and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, we used General Linear Models and a piecewise Structural Equation Model(pSEM) to examine the relationships between grazing intensity, vegetation cover, diversity and *** The herbaceous species diversity and composition varied significantly among the different grazing intensity levels(p <0.001). The plant species composition shifted from the dominance of grass cover to the dominance of forb cover with increasing grazing pressure. Moreover, the attributes of species diversity, herbaceous biomass, and ground cover were higher on sites with low grazing than sites with high and moderate grazing intensity. Across all sites, species diversity was positively related to total biomass. The pSEM explained 37% of the variance in total biomass and revealed that grazing intensity negatively influenced total biomass both directly and indirectly through its negative influence on species *** Managing grazing intensity may lead to higher plant production and higher mixed forage establishment in the dryland savannah ecosystems. This information can be used to support land management strategies and promote sustainable grazing practices that balance the needs of livestock with the conservation of ecosystem health and biodiversity.

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Vegetation structure,dominance patterns and height growth in an Afromontane forest,Southern Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 453-462页

作者： sylvanus mensah Anthony Egeru Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo Romain GleleKakai Laboratoire de Biomathematiques et d’Estimations Forestieres Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525 CotonouBenin Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture Makerere UniversityP.O Box 16811WandegeyaKampalaUganda Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquee Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBenin

Information on forest structure is fundamentally important to track successional vegetation dynamics for efficient forest *** study reports on vegetation characteristics,dominance patterns and species height growth in a northern mistbelt forest type in South *** alpha-diversity indices(species richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity),structural vegetation parameters(tree density and basal area),and species importance value index were *** class distribution and height-diameter allometry were further examined for the overall stand and most important *** densities(472.0±43.5 and 605.3±28.1 trees ha^-1 for C 5 cm to\10 cm and C 10 cm dbh(diameter at breast height)classes,respectively)and basal area values(1.99±0.19 and 48.07±3.46 m^2 ha^-1,respectively)are comparable to other Afromontane forests in East *** overall stand showed an inverted-J shaped distribution pattern which is a typical feature of stand size class distribution in most natural *** ecologically important species also exhibited an inverted-J shaped distribution pattern,suggesting good regeneration and recruitment *** were significant differences in species on height,reflecting species-specific height growth patterns,possibly a result of intrinsic growth potential and competitive *** present study suggests that conservation and management policies,including protection of surrounding land uses against fire,contribute to maintaining a successful recovery of these ***,it should be noted that these forests may be experiencing relatively slow dynamic flux as a result of the overmature state of some trees with several years under relatively strict protection.

关键词： Diversity Population structure Species composition Size class distribution

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Games of Chance and Money of the Togolese National Lottery in Lomé

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第3期13卷 175-186页

作者： Damega Wenkourama Saliou Salifou Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba Sonia Kanekatoua Essozimna Pita Gnargogna Bawi mensah Kokou Soedje Kolou Simliwa Dassa Psychiatry Department Kara University Hospital Kara Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Kara Kara Togo Zébé Psychiatric Hospital in Aneho Aneho Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibor Parakou Bénin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Parakou Parakou Bénin University Hospital Center of the CHU Campus of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Mental Health Tomdè Regional Hospital Center Kara Togo Medico-Psychological Clinic of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Psychiatry Service CHU Sylvanus Olympio of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Psychiatry Service Lomé Campus University Hospital Lomé Togo Department of Adult Psychiatry Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: The addiction to games of chance and money is frequently encountered among some players. The general objective of this study was to describe the level of the gambling addiction among the players of the Togolese National Lottery (LONATO) in the city of Lomé. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study through non-random sampling by convenience surveys, conducted on October 09, 2019 in 20 LONATO plying sites which affected 611 players. The screening was done using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) questionnaire. Results: Of the 611 players surveyed, 55% were aged 18 to 35 years with an average age of 36 years and the extremes ranging from 14 to 78 years. The male gender was in the majority (84.26%). The prevalence of pathological gambling was 62.52%. Among the pathological gamblers, 16.89% had a family history of pathological gambling, 19.00% had a mood disorder, 28.50% had excessive alcoholism, and 17.15% consumed another psychoactive substance. Cannabis was the most consumed substance (6.87%) followed by tobacco (6.07%) and soporific (6.07%). More than half of players (62.03%) thought that pathological gambling is not a disease. Conclusion: The pathological gambling is a global phenomenon and a reality in Togo. Raising everyone’s awareness will reduce its negative impact on the players.

关键词： Pathological Gambling Addiction LONATO Lomé

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Headaches and Erectile Dysfunction Medications at UTH-Kara (Togo)

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第4期13卷 228-235页

作者： Léhleng Agba Nyinèvi K. Anayo Hola K. Sikpa mensah K. Guinhouya Tchilabalo M. Kpatcha Vinyo K. Kumako Damelan Kombate Komi Assogba Agnon A. Balogou Neurology Department University Teaching Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Neurology Department University Teaching Hospital of Campus University of Lomé Lomé Togo Urology-Andrology Department University Teaching Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Neurology Department University Teaching Hospital of Sylvanus Olympio University of Lomé Lomé Togo Neurology Department Regional Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo

Introduction: Headaches are a common symptom affecting individuals worldwide, including in the tropical zone, and have been extensively studied in Togo. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, commonly prescribed for erectile dysfunction, are known to induce headaches, yet there is a lack of research on this topic in sub-Saharan Africa and Togo. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from February 1st to June 30th, 2023, including adult patients seeking erectile dysfunction treatment and prescribed PDE-5 inhibitors. Results: A total of 28 patients were included in the study, with an average age of 34.46 ± 7.5 years. The age group of 30 - 39 years was the most represented (53.57%). Among the participants, 67.86% had a history of chronic headaches. During the intake of PDE-5 inhibitors, 71.43% reported the onset of headaches. Among the 19 patients with chronic headaches, 68.42% developed headaches following PDE-5 inhibitor use (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.55 - 1.40, p = 0.484). The characteristics of the induced headaches were similar to the patients’ pre-existing headaches in 78.95% of cases. Additional symptoms included nasal congestion (36.84%) and an urge to have a bowel movement (26.32%). Sildenafil (75.00%) and Tadalafil (25.00%) were the primarily prescribed PDE-5 inhibitors. The incidence of headaches did not significantly differ between the two groups (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.67 - 2.64, p = 0.306). Treatment for the induced headaches involved self-medication with paracetamol (65.00%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (35.00%). Conclusion: Headaches induced by PDE-5 inhibitors are a well-established reality, emphasizing the need for caution and warning in patients with pre-existing headache conditions, while individualized approaches are necessary to address the potential interplay between migraine medications and erectile dysfunction treatments.

关键词： Headache Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Erectile Dysfunction Togo Sub-Saharan Africa

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Pre-Hospital Management of Craniocerebral Trauma in South Saharan Africa: Cotonou Experience

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2019年第3期9卷 221-226页

作者： Abd El Kader Moumouni Essossinam Kpelao Holden Olatoundji Fadigba Agbeko Achille Doleagbenou Ibrahima Berete Dabou Abiba Tamou Tabe Emile mensah Martin Chobli CHU KARA Kara Togo SAMU Benin Cotonou Benin CHU sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo University of Parakou Borgou Benin Universite Gamal de Conakry Conakry Guinee HIA Parakou Parakou Benin SAMU Benin of Parakou Borgou Benin

The management of craniocerebral trauma begins at the site of the accident. This is one of the diseases for which pre-hospital care is well codified. The objective of this study is to report the experience of the Emergency Aid Medical Service (EMAS) of BENIN in the pre-hospital management of craniocerebral trauma. 146 head injuries were cared for. 116 were male. The mean age was 32 years with extremes ranging from 2 to 77 years. Etiology in 68% of patients was a public road accident. And the request for the use of the EMAS was made by highway users for 41% of the injuries. About 5.5% were severe cranio-brain injuries, more than 75% of which had died in intensive care. In 77% of the EMAS interventions, there was an intensive care physician in the team. 34 wounded had been transported in a vacuum mattress. The rigid cervical collar was used in 8 major traumas. All the wounded were transported by ambulance. The duration of hospitalization varied from a few hours in the emergency department to 90 days in the hospital ward. 9 patients died. One of them, who died in an ambulance, was a woman. The prehospital medical care of head trauma in BENIN is still progressing.

关键词： Emergency Craniocerebral Africa South-Sahara Pre Hospital Management

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Staff about Glaucoma in Lomé

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第2期11卷 163-175页

作者： Messan Kokou Amedome Yao Ako Patrick mensah Kokou Vonor Nidain Maneh Kossi Dzidzinyo Kassoula Batomaguéla Nonon Saa Koffi Didier Ayena Komi Balo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kara Kara Togo Hô pital de Bè Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Régional de Kara-Tomdè Kara Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Campus de Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire sylvanus Olympio de Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Early detection and awareness are essential to reduce the impact on eye health. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care staff about glaucoma in Lomé. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional and descriptive study including health care staff in Lomé, from October 1st to December 31st, 2020, for a period of 3 months. After their agreement, the officers responded to questions based on a survey sheet. Results: A total of 169 agents from 3 centers in Lomé, i.e. the sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital, the Campus University teaching Hospital and the Bè Hospital were involved. 50.9% of the agents were male versus 49.1% female, i.e. a ratio of 1.04. The average age was 33.66 ± 10.45 years. 46.10% were doctors versus 53.90% paramedics. 58.60% had at most 5 years of experience against 41.40% who had more than 5 years of experience. 53.80% defined glaucoma as ocular hypertension while 17.20% defined it as optic nerve disease. 46.20% did not know that there were many types of glaucomas compared to 53.20% who knew that there are many types of glaucomas. 92.30% knew that glaucoma can lead to cause visual loss. Regarding attitudes and practices about glaucoma, 91.70% declared that the follow-up should be done by the ophthalmologist, 81.10% thought that it would be necessary to be checked by the doctor only every 6 months. Finally, 65.08% declared that they had to use eye drops for life for the treatment. Conclusion: Steps should be taken to educate staff more about glaucoma attitudes and practices and also plan for action in the population.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Glaucoma Lomé

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Bilateral Iris Coloboma Revealed by a Decreased Vision: About the First Case in Togo Observed in Kara University Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第4期11卷 249-252页

作者： Kokou Messan Amedome Codjo Rodrigue Abel Assavédo Yao Ako Patrick mensah Kossi Dzidzinyo Kokou Vonor Koffi Didier Ayéna Komi Balo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kara Kara Togo Centre hospitalier départemental Borgou-Alibori Parakou Benin Centre Hospitalier Universitaire sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Régional de Kara Tomdè Kara Togo Hô pital Secondaire de Bè Lomé Togo

Background: Ocular coloboma is the product of an error in the fetal fissure closure, normally occurring between the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation [1]. It may involve the cornea, iris, zonula, ciliary body, choroid, retina and optic nerve. The incidence of this syndrome is 0.7 per 10,000 live-births [1]. The aim of this observation is to present the first case of bilateral coloboma of the iris [1]. This case was associated with an ametropia causing a decrease in visual acuity. Case Presentation: This was a clinical observation concerning a young 12-year-old patient who consulted for blurring of vision which had progressed for approximately 2 years. The ophthalmologic examination revealed an ametropia with a bilateral notch of the pupillary rim suggesting a bilateral coloboma. There was no association with another coloboma such as chorioretinal coloboma which is quite common and is accompanied frequently by visual symptoms. Conclusion: A visual impairment of the child can indicate ametropia. However, other congenital anomalies can be discovered as was the case in this clinical observation.

关键词： Coloboma Iris Decreased Vision Kara Togo

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Trends in HIV-2 Seroprevalence at the National Reference Center of HIV from 2005 to 2014 in Lome, Togo

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World Journal of AIDS 2017年第4期7卷 239-246页

作者： Amivi Amenyah- Ehlan Mounerou Salou Malewe Kolou Komlan Ali- Edje Tufa Nyasenu Sika Dossim Alassane Ouro- Medeli mensah Douffan Anoumou Dagnra Mireille Prince- David Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et d’immunologie de la Faculte des Sciences de la Sante de l’Universite de Lome (BIOLIM/FSS-UL) Lome Togo Centre National de Reference Pour les Tests VIH et les IST (CNR-VIH) Lome Togo

Background: In Togo, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is characterized by the circulation of the 2 subtypes of HIV. Thus, patients infected with HIV-2 are diagnosed and monitored in the care centers. Objective: To document the trend of HIV-2 prevalence over a decade of activities of the National Reference Center for HIV tests and screening (CNR-VIH). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from the screening data archived from January 2005 to December 2014 at the CNR-VIH, a laboratory located in the sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU SO) Lome. The sampling consisted of adults and children outpatients or those who were hospitalized in CHU SO, subjects presenting for voluntary testing, pregnant women and patients or samples referred for HIV confirmation. All samples were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections by combining ELISA and rapid diagnostic tests. Result: During the decade, 34,077 subjects were screened for HIV infection. The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 20.70% (7055/34077). In 10 years, the prevalence of HIV infection in CNR-VIH decreased significantly from 35.40% CI95% [34.50% - 36.20%] in 2005 to 14.20% CI95% [13.60% - 14.70%] in 2014 (p = 0.03). The prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual HIV1&HIV-2 was respectively 20.40%, 0.23% and 0.07%, with annual prevalence of HIV-2 between 0.07% and 0.39%. The differences between the HIV-2 prevalence over the decade were not statistically significant (p > 0.15). A 4-year-old child from mother-to-child HIV-2 transmission was diagnosed. Sixty-five percent of adult patients were over 40 years of age with an average age of 43.5 ± 11.3 years. Conclusion: Data from the National Reference Center for HIV Tests in Togo over the last ten years confirm the existence of a weak epidemic of HIV- 2 infection with a tendency towards stability.

关键词： HIV-2 Seroprevalence Togo

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Determinants and Risks Factors of Renal Failure in Patients with Heart Failure in Cardiology Department of CHU sylvanus Olympio of Lomé(Togo)

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2019年第3期9卷 65-76页

作者： Kossi Akomola Sabi Eyram Yoan Makafui Amekoudi Soudougoua Baragou Komlan Georges Tona Yaovi Afassinou Machioude Pio Béfa Noto-Kadou-Kaza Badomta Dolaama Eugene Ametepe Attisso Anani Amen Tevi Mawusse Koffi mensah Mindessou Murielle Schyldia Bonou-Selegbe Jaques Vigan Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo Department of cardiology CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo Clinique de Néphrologie CNHU Cotonou Bénin

Introduction: The morbidity and mortality of patients with heart failure are known to increase rapidly in the presence of renal insufficiency, which is usually the cause but may be a consequence. To organize better prevention of renal failure, we undertook this study to identify the determinants of renal failure in the population of patients with heart failure. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study of heart failure (HF) cases hospitalized from January 1st to December 31st, 2016, over a period for twelve (12) months at CHU sylvanus Olympio. Patients who performed cardiac Doppler ultrasound were included in our study. Renal failure was defined as eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate associated factors. The dependent variable was DFG status: coded 1 if the GFR is less than 60 ml/min and 0 if not. Results: A total of 216 patients were included. The majority were female (54.17%). The median age of patients was 53 years [IQI = 32 - 61 years] with extremes of 15 and 96 years. 16.49% of patients had a GFR of less than 60 ml/min. In multivariate analysis the average standard of living (OR = 2.40, p = 0.0456), diabetes (OR = 2.67, p = 0.0300), hypertension (OR = 5.66, p = 0.0399), alcoholism (OR = 4.00, p = 0.0063) were the main factors in the development of an RF/HF. Conclusion: The average standard of living, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic alcoholism are the determinants of renal failure in HF.

关键词： Heart Failure Renal Failure Determinants Togo

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