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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 118-124页

作者： Abdul Majeed Atif Muhmood Abid Niaz shahid Javid Zahid Ashfaq Ahmad syed shahid hussain shah Asrar hussain shah Soil Chemistry Section Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agricultural Research Institute

Conventional flat planting is commonly used for growing wheat in Pakistan and the crop is irrigated by flood irrigation, but it leads to ineffective use of applied nitrogen owing to poor aeration and leaching and volatilization losses. The practice also results in greater crop lodging, lower water use efficiency, and crusting of the soil surface. In contrast, bed planting of wheat not only saves water but improves fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield. Three years of pooled data from the present study showed that wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha-1produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate. Similarly, 25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting. Wheat planting on beds with a nitrogen application of80 kg ha-1gave a yield similar to that of flat planting with 120 kg ha-1nitrogen. However,the economic return was 29% higher in bed planting as compared to flat planting, when nitrogen was applied at 120 kg ha-1.

关键词： Bed and flat planting N uptake N use efficiency Grain yield

Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay Ali syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair Khalid Al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf Lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan Department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

5G Antenna Gain Enhancement Using a Novel Metasurface

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 3601-3611页

作者： Mubashir Ashfaq shahid Bashir syed Imran hussain shah Nisar Ahmad Abbasi Hatem Rmili Muhammad Abbas Khan Department of Electrical Engineering UETPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea Department of Electrical Engineering University of Hafr Al BatinKSA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKSA K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589KSA Department of Electrical Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuettaPakistan

This article presents a Sub-6 GHz microstrip patch antenna(MPA)with enhanced gain using metamaterial(MTM)*** source MPA operates at 4.8 GHz and has a peak gain of 5.3 dBi at the resonance frequency.A window-shaped unit cell is designed and investigated through the material wave propagation *** unit cell shows an EpsilonNear Zero(ENZ)-Mu Very Large(MVL)behavior around 4.8 *** unit cell has a fourfold geometry which makes it a polarization independent metamaterial.A double layer antenna is designed by placing a 4×4 MTM slab as a superstrate above the MPA at a height of 0.208λ0;whereλ0 is the free-space wavelength at the resonance frequency of the *** matching and gain of the source antenna is improved using the *** simulation as well as measurement results show that novel antenna system has a peak gain of 7.68 dBi at 4.8 GHz and an impedance bandwidth of 0.22 *** overall dimension of the antenna is 75×60×15 mm^(3).The proposed antenna operates in the Sub-6 GHz band and is suitable for 5G applications.

关键词： Metasurface 5G gain directivity polarization

Population structure,age and growth rates of conifer species and their relation to environmental variables at Malam Jabba,Swat District,Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 429-441页

作者： Arsalan Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui Moinuddin Ahmed syed shahid Shaukat Alamdar hussain Department of Botany University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Dr.Moinuddin Ahmed Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Dendrochronology Department of BotanyFederal Urdu UniversityKarachiPakistan Institute of Environmental Studies University of KarachiKarachiPakistan Department of Botany Karakoram International UniversityGilgitGilgit-BaltistanPakistan

This study focuses on age,growth rate and diameter distribution of pine forests in the Malam Jabba area,Swat District,*** core samples were taken from twenty *** smithiana was the oldest at 234 years with a 112-cm *** pindrow was 125 years with an 80-cm diameter while the oldest Pinus wallichiana was 122 years with 75-cm *** fastest overall growth rate of 1.5±0.1 year/cm was for *** on a west-facing aspect,while the slowest 5.8±2.6 year/cm growth was *** on an eastfacing *** and *** exhibited marked differences in growth rates over a 5-year *** highest growth was by *** from 1966 to *** showed less growth over the same years,such pattern simultaneously reverse from 1911 to *** relationship between diameter and age,diameter and growth rate and age and growth rate were *** and *** ages were correlated with diameter and growth *** age was positive correlated with ***,topographic and edaphic factors did not show significant correlations with growth rates,although some appreciable correlations were *** growth of *** was correlated with elevation while *** was correlated with maximum water retaining *** and age produced uneven size classes and many size gaps,which could be the result of anthropogenic disturbances.

关键词： Dendrochronology Environmental variables Conifer species Forest structure Age classes

Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage in Assessment of Obesity Prevalence in Saudi Adults

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期26卷 94-99页

作者： syed shahid HABIB Department of Physiology College of Medicine&King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud University

Objective To assess the obesity prevalence in body mass index （BMI） and body fat percentage Saudi adults according to the international standards of （BF%）. Methods Five hundred and thirty healthy Saudi adults aged 18-72 years （mean 36.91＋15.22 years） were enrolled in this study. Their body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impendence analysis with a commercially available body composition analyzer. Standard BMI and BF% values were used to define obesity. Results The prevalence of underweight, normal underweight, overweight and obesity in Saudi adults according to the BMI criteria （〈18.5 kg/mz, 18.5-24.4 kg/m2, 25-29.9 kg/m2, 30 k＆/m2 and above, respectively） was 2.5%, 30.2%, 33.6%, and 33.8%, respectively, whereas the obesity prevalence was 60% （n=31g） in Saudi adults according to the BF% criteria （25% for males and 30% for females）, which was significantly higher than that according to BMI criteria. However, it was 50.6% （n=268） when the BMI cutoff point was 27.5 kg/m2, proposed by WHO for the Asian population. Kappa analysis showed that the obesity prevalence defined by BMI and BF% was higher in females than in males （k=0.530 vs k=0.418, P〈O.O001）. The sensitivity and specificity of BMI （30 kg/m2 and 27.5 kg/m2） were 54.1% and 96.7% and 76.4% and 88.2%, respectively, for obesity. A lower BMI cutoff point （26.60 kg/m2） was proposed in this study, which gave the maximum sensitivity （84.3%） and specificity （85.4%）, with a moderate kappa agreement （k=0.686）. Moreover, the obesity prevalence at this cutoff point （56.4%） was significantly higher than that recommended by WHO. Conclusion The specificity of BMI for obesity is high and its sensitivity is low in both sexes. Its sensitivity can be increased by changing BMI cutoff to a lower value. The choice of BF% reference is of great influence for the assessment of obesity prevalence according to the BMI.

关键词： Body composition Obesity Body mass index Body fat percentage Kappa analysis

Comparative analysis of CO_(2)emissions and economic performance in the United States and China:Navigating sustainable development in the climate change era

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 239-255页

作者： Khalid Mehmood syed Tauseef Hassan Xuchun Qiu shahid Ali Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212013China Department of Trade and Finance Faculty of Economics and ManagementCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycka 129PrahaZIP 16500Czechia School of Economics and Management Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Economic growth has brought a global climate change into the spotlight,and CO_(2)emissions demonstrate significant challenges in reducing environmental shifts ***,the United States and China contribute the largest amount of CO_(2)*** purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between different types of CO_(2)emissions and economic growth by using a modeling *** analyze total CO_(2)emissions,coal CO_(2)emissions,oil CO_(2)emissions,the global share of coal CO_(2)emissions,the global share of oil CO_(2)emissions,and economic *** study provides unique insights into how to simultaneously reduce CO_(2)emissions and sustain economic growth.A bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag(BARDL)simulation method is utilized to examine the long-and short-run effects of predictors on CO_(2)*** CO_(2)emissions are found to have a significant positive effect on economic growth in the short run but a negative impact on economic growth over the long run in the United *** United States needs to implement stronger measures to balance coal CO_(2)emissions with economic growth for sustainable *** contrast,oil CO_(2)emissions have positive effect for China in both the long run and short ***,China can continue to reduce CO_(2)emissions from oil while maintaining positive economic *** China’s policies promoting cleaner energy alternatives can be adapted and implemented to maintain a balance between economic growth and carbon *** study has valuable insights for policymakers seeking to balance economic growth with carbon reduction *** emphasizes the need to better understand the complex relationship between CO_(2)emissions and economic growth.

关键词： CO_(2)emission Sustainable development Climate change United States China BARDL

Enhancing Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection through Efficient Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2081-2098页

作者： Atif Mehmood Zhonglong Zheng Rizwan Khan Ahmad Al Smadi Farah shahid shahid Iqbal Mutasem K.Alsmadi Yazeed Yasin Ghadi syed Aziz shah Mostafa M.Ibrahim Department of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321002China Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics&Zhejiang Institute for Advanced Light Source Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Zarqa UniversityZarqa13100Jordan School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering College of ChemistryChemical Engineering andMaterials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China Department of Management Information Systems College of Applied Studies and Community ServiceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam32244Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Al Ain UniversityAbu Dhabi999041United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia61519Egypt Healthcare Technology and Innovation Theme Faculty Research Centre for Intelligent HealthcareCoventry UniversityCoventryCV48BWUK

Neuroimaging has emerged over the last few decades as a crucial tool in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a condition that falls between the spectrum of normal cognitive function and ***,previous studies have mainly used handcrafted features to classify MCI,AD,and normal control(NC)*** paper focuses on using gray matter(GM)scans obtained through magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for the diagnosis of individuals with MCI,AD,and *** improve classification performance,we developed two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation(i.e.,shear range,rotation,zoom range,channel shift).The first approach is a deep Siamese network(DSN),and the second approach involves using a cross-domain strategy with customized *** performed experiments on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset to evaluate the performance of our proposed *** experimental results demonstrate superior performance in classifying the three binary classification tasks:NC ***,NC ***,and MCI ***,we achieved a classification accuracy of 97.68%,94.25%,and 92.18%for the three cases,*** study proposes two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation to accurately diagnose MCI,AD,and normal control individuals using GM *** findings provide promising results for future research and clinical applications in the early detection and diagnosis of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease mild cognitive impairment normal control transfer learning classification augmentation

Vegetation-environment relationships in the forests of Chitral district Hindukush range of Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 205-216页

作者： Nasrullah Khan syed shahid Shaukat Moinuddin Ahmed Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui Department of Botany University of Malakand Dept. of Botany University of Karachi Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology Department of Botany Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology

We investigated the composition of plant communities to quantify their relationships with environmental parameters in the Chitral Hindukush range of Pakistan. We sampled tree vegetation using the Point Centered Quarter （PCQ） method while understory vegetation was sampled in 1.5-m circular quadrats. Cedrus deodara is the national symbol of Pakistan and was dominant in the sampled communities. Because environmental variables determine vegetation types, we analyzed and evaluated edaphic and topographic factors. DCA-Ordination showed the major gradient as an amalgam of elevation （p〈0.05） and slope （p〈0.01） as the topographic factors correlated with species distribution. Soil variables were the factors of environmental significance along DCA axes. However, among these factors, Mg2＋ , K ＋ and N2＋ contributed not more than 0.054% 0.20% and 0.073%, respectively, to variation along the first ordination axis. We conclude that the principal reason for weak or no correlation with many edaphic variables was the anthropogenic disturbance of vegetation. The understory vegetation was composed of perennial herbs in most communities and was most dense under the tree canopy. The understory vegetation strongly regulates tree seedling growth and regeneration patterns. We recommend further study of the understory vegetation using permanent plots to aid development of forest regeneration strategies.

关键词： environmental relationship multivariate analysis cluster analysis ordination anthropogenic factors forest, Hindukush range

A Compact 28 GHz Millimeter Wave Antenna for Future Wireless Communication

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 301-314页

作者： shahid Khan Adil Bashir Haider Ali Abdul Rauf Mohamed Marey Hala Mostafa Ikram syed LCOMS ASECUniversity de LorraineMetz57070France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Comsats University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus22060Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Department of Electronics Technology University of TechnologyNowshera24100Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyH-12Islamabad44000Pakistan Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Computer Software Engineering Military College of SignalsNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

This article presents a novel modified chuck wagon dinner bell shaped millimeter wave(mm-wave)antenna at 28 *** proposed design has ultra-thin Rogers 5880 substrate with relative permittivity of *** design consists of T shaped resonating elements and two open ended side *** desired 28 GHz frequency response is achieved by careful parametric modeling of the proposed *** maximum achieved single element gain at the desired resonance frequency is 3.45 *** efficiency of the proposed design over the operating band is more than 88%.The impedance bandwidth achieved for−10 dB reference value is nearly 2.9 *** proposed antenna is transformed into four element linear array which increases the gain up to 10.5 *** fabricated prototype is tested for the measured *** is observed that measured results closely match the simulated *** considering its simple structure and focused radiation patterns,the proposed design is well suited for IoT(Internet of Things),mmWave microwave sensing,5G and future RF(Radio Frequency)frontends.

关键词： RF front-ends mmWave partial ground plane 28 GHz IoT 5G antenna

Potential Antioxidant Activities Improve Salt Tolerance in Ten Varieties of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 69-76页

作者： Aurangzeb Rao syed Dilnawaz Ahmad syed Mubashar Sabir shahid Iqbal Awan Asad hussain shah syed Rizwan Abbas Saima Shafique Fareed Khan Atia Chaudhary Department of Chemistry University of the Poonch Rawalakot Pakistan. Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Agriculture University of the Poonch Rawalakot Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Agriculture University of the Poonch Rawalakot Pakistan University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan

The activity of antioxidative enzymes system is affected by salt stress, chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf relative water content (RWC), Na+ and K+ contents, their ratio and some oxidative stress indices were studied in leaves of ten bread wheat cultivarsSehar-06, Lu-26, NARC-09, BARC-09 and Pirsbak-09’(salt-tolerant) and Kaghan-94, Rohtas-90, Soughat-90, shaheen-94 and Zardana-89’(salt-sensitive), grown under salinity treatments carried out in five levels (1 dS·m-1 as control, 2, 4, 8, 16 dS·m-1) via sodium chloride. Under high salt potency significant increase for activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX), occured in salt tolerant varieties. Meanwhile, under salinity condition the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and (GPX) in sensitive cultivar were lower than control. Regarding (APX) activity there was no significant difference between salinity and control situation. Under salt stress membrane stability index (MSI) of both cultivars were negatively influenced. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of salinity sensitive cultivars was higher than control. Salt tolerant varieties had more amounts of K+ content, K+ and Na+ ratio, relative water content, yield and chlorophyll under salt conditions, and sensitive ones recorded higher Na+ content at tillering stage. The mechanism of salt stress might be achieved due to low lipid peroxidation, assumingly lower changes in membrane stability index and evasion of Na+ combination and amplified activity of antioxidant enzymes.

关键词： Antioxidant Enzymes Chlorophyll Content+/Na+ Ratio Relative Water Content Salinity Wheat