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Web GIS-Based Temporal Analysis of Climatic Factors Impacting Heat Stroke in Karachi

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第1期16卷 61-69页

作者： Ali Atif Mahnoor Rehman Muhammad Butt syed mahmood Shahid Ghazi Rashid Mehmood Department of Management Victoria University Sydney Australia Department of Geography Government College University Lahore Pakistan Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Centre of Geographic Information System University of The Punjab Lahore Pakistan

This study focuses on the impact of climate change, specifically the increasing threat of heatwaves, in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on the city of Karachi. The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) analysed a century of climatic data to reveal warming trends, attributing them to human-induced factors. The vulnerability of Pakistan to climate change is highlighted, given its warm climate and location in a region where temperature increases are expected to surpass global averages. The study examines the past three decades, noting a significant rise in the frequency of hot days, especially in Karachi, where heatwaves have become more prevalent. The aims and objectives of the study involve identifying temporal changes in temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed from 1984 to 2014 in Karachi. The literature review emphasizes the health implications of heatwaves, citing increased mortality during such events globally. The study incorporates a comprehensive temporal analysis, addressing gaps in previous research by considering multiple climate indicators responsible for heatwaves. The methodology involves statistical analyses, including linear regression and Pearson correlation, applied to temperature data and urbanization parameters. Results indicate an increasing trend in heat index temperature, with heatwave vulnerability peaking in the last three decades. Heat Index Temperature Anomalies show a clear surge, emphasizing the need for new indices to control critical heat stress conditions. The study concludes that tropical climate variability, particularly heat index, is linked to extreme hot days, urging measures to reduce population vulnerability. The findings underscore the importance of policy strategies, such as integrated coastal zone management, to mitigate the adverse health effects of heatwaves in Karachi’s vulnerable population.

关键词： IPCC Heat Wave Heat Index PMD

Appraisal of active tectonics in Hindu Kush:Insights from DEM derived geomorphic indices and drainage analysis

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第4期3卷 407-428页

作者： syed Amer mahmood Richard Gloaguen Remote Sensing Group Institute of GeologyFreiberg University of Mining and TechnologyBernhard V.Cotta Str209599 Freiberg(Saxony)Germany Department of Space Science University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam Campus54590Lahore(Punjab)Pakistan Remote Sensing Group Institute of GeologyFreiberg University of Mining and TechnolohyBernhard V.Cotta Str.209599 Freiberg(Saxony)Germany

Landscapes in tectonically active Hindu Kush （NW Pakistan and NE Alghanistanl result from a complex integration of the effects of vertical and horizontal crustal block motions as well as erosion and deposition processes. Active tectonics in this region have greatly influenced the drainage system and geomorphic expressions. The study area is a junction of three important mt^unlain ranges （Hindu Kush-Karakorunl-Himalayas） and is thus an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the relative tectonic activity resulting from the India-Eurasia collision. We evaluate active tectonics using DEM derived drainage network and geomorphic indices hypsometric integral （Hl）. stream-length gradient （SL）, fractal dimension （FD）, basin asymmetry factor （AF）, basin shape index （B,）, valley floor width to wllley height ratio （Vf） and motmtain front sinuosity （Star）. The results obtained from these indices were combined to yield an index of relative active tectonics （IRAT） using GIS. The average of the seven measured geomorphic indices was used to ewfluate the distri- bution of relative tectonic activity in the study area. We defined tour classes to define the degree of rela- tive tectonic activity： class 1 very high （1.0 ≤ IRAT 〈 1.3）; class 2 high （1.3 ≥ IRAT 〈 1.5）： class 3--moderate （1.5 〉 IRAT 〈 1.8）; and class 4--low （1.8 〉 IRAT）. In view of the results, we conclude that this combined approach allows the identification of the highly deformed areas related to active tectonics. Landsat imagery and field observations also evidence the presence of active tectonics based on the deflected streams, deformed landforms, active mountain fronts and triangular facets. The indicative values of IRAT are consistent with the areas of known relative uplift rates, landforms and geology.

关键词： Active tectonics:Geomorphic indices:IRAT (index of relativeactive tectonics):Hindu Kush:Pakistan--Alghanistan

Drainage Network and Lineament Analysis:An Approach for Potwar Plateau(Northern Pakistan)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 14-24页

作者： Faisal SHAHZAD syed Amer mahmood Richard GLOAGUEN Remote Sensing Group Institute of GeologyFreiberg University of Mining and TechnologyFreiberg09599Germany.

Drainage responds rapidly to tectonic changes and thus it is a potential parameter for teetonogeomorphological analysis. Drainage network of Potwar is a good geological record of movement, displacements, regional uplifts and erosion of the tectonic units. This study focuses on utilizing drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Digital Elevation Data （SRTM-DEM） in order to constrain the structure of the Potwar Plateau. SWAN syncline divides Potwar into northern Potwar deformed zone （NPDZ） and southern Potwar platform zone （SPPZ）. We extracted the drainage network from DEM and analyzed 112 streams using stream power law. Spatial distribution of concavity and steepness indices were used to prepare uplift rate map for the area. DEM was further utilized to extract lineaments to study the mutual relationship between lineaments and drainage patterns. We compared the local correlation between the extracted lineaments and drainage network of the area that gives us quantitative information and shows promising prospects. The streams in the NPDZ indicate high steepness values as compared to the streams in the SPPZ. The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters distinctive deformation and uplift rates suggest the among eastern, central and western parts. The local correlation between drainage network and lineaments from DEM is strongly positive in the area within I km of radius.

关键词： Drainage network lineaments streamprofile analysis uplift rate local correlation

Fractal Measures of Drainage Network to Investigate Surface Deformation from Remote Sensing Data: A Paradigm from Hindukush (NE-Afghanistan)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第5期8卷 641-654页

作者： syed Amer mahmood Richard GLOAGUEN Remote Sensing Group Institute of Geology Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Department of Space Science University of the Punjab

This approach represents the relative susceptibility of the topography of the earth to active deformation by means of geometrical distinctiveness of the river networks. This investigation employs the fractal analysis of drainage system extracted from ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM-30m resolution). The objective is to mark active structures and to pinpoint the areas robustly influenced by neotectonics. This approach was examined in the Hindukush, NE-Afghanistan. This region is frequently affected by deadly earthquakes and the modern fault activities and deformation are driven by the collision between the northward-moving Indian subcontinent and Eurasia. This attempt is based on the fact that drainage system is strained to linearize due to neotectonic deformation. Hence, the low fractal dimensions of the Kabul, Panjsher, Laghman, Andarab, Alingar and Kocha Rivers are credited to active tectonics. A comprehensive textural examination is conducted to probe the linearization, heterogeneity and connectivity of the drainage patterns. The aspects for these natural textures are computed by using the fractal dimension (FD), lacunarity (LA) and succolarity (SA) approach. All these methods are naturally interrelated, i.e. objects with similar FD can be further differentiated with LA and/or SA analysis. The maps of FD, LA and SA values are generated by using a sliding window of 50 arc seconds by 50 arc seconds (50" × 50"). Afterwards, the maps are interpreted in terms of regional susceptibility to neotectonics. This method is useful to pinpoint numerous zones where the drainage system is highly controlled by Hindukush active structures. In the North-Northeast of the Kabul block, we recognized active tectonic blocks. The region comprising, Kabul, Panjsher, Andrab, Alingar and Badakhshan is more susceptible to damaging events. This investigation concludes that the fractal analysis of the river networks is a bonus tool to localize areas vulnerable to deadly incidents in

关键词： Fractal Drainage network Lacunarity Succolarity Surface deformation and Hindukush

Appraisal of Urban Heat Island and Its Impacts on Environment Using Landsat TM in Peshawar, Pakistan

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2017年第3期6卷 192-200页

作者： Rashid Mehmood Muhammad Atif Butt syed Amer mahmood Farhan Ali Department of Space Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan College of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Last couple of decades witnessed a rapid escalation in urban temperature of Peshawar city and its neighboring localities. This alarming condition gave birth to climatic term Urban Heat Island (UHI) created drastic alteration in surface temperatures. In this study, thermal infrared remote sensing data has been employed to map out and monitor such micro-climatic variation in temperatures in land use/land cover exposed surface to the environment. To assess these outcomes resulting from human activities, Landsat TM data band 6 was subjected through ERDAS Imagine 2013. For further processing, ARC GIS helped a lot in making maps to pinpoint the heat island in and around the city. Moreover, a relationship of land surface temperature with urban sprawl, environmental and industrialization was established. This study has shown a substantial upsurge in temperature about 1 to 3 degrees. Urban sprawl and industrialization at the edges are accounting for these conditions. Urban and industrial data has also reinforced the fact being drawn from remotely sensed data. Hence, evaluation of Land surface temperature data captured through remote satellite has proven to be effective tool not only for monitoring and analyzing temperature but also for assessing its adverse impacts on the environment and climate.

关键词： Land Surface Temperature Urban Heat Island Thermal Infrared Landsat TM

Flow Diagnosis and Optimization Based on Vorticity Dynamics for Transonic Compressor/Fan Rotor

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2017年第1期7卷 40-71页

作者： Huanlong Chen Mark G. Turner Kiran Siddappaji syed Moez Hussain mahmood Institute of Propulsion Theory and Technique Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Aerospace Engineering Department University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

This paper presents two optimized rotors. The first rotor is as part of a 3-blade row optimization (IGV-rotor-stator) of a high-pressure compressor. It is based on modifying blade angles and advanced control of curvature of the airfoil camber line. The effects of these advanced blade techniques on the performance of the transonic 1.5-stage compressor were calculated using a 3D Navier-Stokes solver combined with a vortex/vorticity dynamics diagnosis method. The first optimized rotor produces a 3-blade row efficiency improvement over the baseline of 1.45% while also improving stall margin. The throttling range of the compressor is expanded largely because the shock in the rotor tip area is further downstream than that in the baseline case at the operating point. Additionally, optimizing the 3-blade row block while only adjusting the rotor geometry ensures good matching of flow angles allowing the compressor to have more range. The flow diagnostics of the rotor blade based on vortex/vorticity dynamics indicate that the boundary-layer separation behind the shock is verified by on-wall signatures of vorticity and skin-friction vector lines. In addition, azimuthal vorticity and boundary vorticity flux (BVF) are shown to be two vital flow parameters of compressor aerodynamic performance that directly relate to the improved performance of the optimized transonic compressor blade. A second rotor-only optimization is also presented for a 2.9 pressure ratio transonic fan. The objective function is the axial moment based on the BVF. An 88.5% efficiency rotor is produced.

关键词： Transonic Compressor Control Curvature Optimization Vorticity Dynamics BVF Azimuthal Vorticity

Towards Foreign Tourist at Heritage Sites Using GIS: A Case Study of Lahore

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 516-526页

作者： Atif Ali Raheema Elahi Muhammad Atif Butt Rashid Mehmood Kashif Shafique syed Amer mahmood Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada Department of Geography Forman Christian College University Lahore Pakistan

Pakistan is potentially a good tourist destination for cultural and heritage overs because the Indus and Gandhara Civilizations, and a great Mughals heritage also exists in Pakistan particularly in Lahore city. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in modern world. This study is based on the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of Lahore. The purpose of the study is to examine the number of foreign tourist who visited the heritage sites of the Lahore at Shalimar Gardens, Lahore Fort and Lahore Museum and to find the tourism trend in Lahore whether it is declining or growing high. The secondary source of data was used and data was collected from archeology department, Lahore Museum and Pakistan Year Book of Statics 2014. Tools used for research purpose were Microsoft excel, Microsoft word and ARC GIS. The number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore fort were highest in 2006 i.e. 21,178 this is the highest number of tourists who visited Lahore Fort in 15 years and 2906 lowest number of foreign tourist who visited Lahore fort, at Shalimar Gardens highest number of foreign tourists was 8558 in 2000 and the lowest number was 309 in 2013 and at Lahore Museum in 7242 tourists is the highest number of Foreign tourist who visited museum in 2000 and the lowest number of foreign tourists that visited Lahore Museum was 1825 in 2010. The trend of foreign tourism in Lahore is declining after the incident of nine eleven due to terrorism. But now with the efforts of government and work of Walled city authority foreign tourism industry is growing in Lahore as it is the Queen of cities having major and attractive heritage places for tourist.

关键词： Temporal Analysis foreign Tourism Lahore Fort Shalimar Gardens Lahore Museum

一种基于34层ResNet模型的人工智能软件诊断皮肤病的性能评估

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中华皮肤科杂志 2023年第10期56卷 948-952页

作者：朱亚杰卢枫 syed Mohammad Nooruddin mahmood 刘欣李小红于建斌董慧婷郑州大学第一附属医院皮肤科郑州450052

目的评估人工智能软件Autoderm在我国患者中诊断皮肤病的性能。方法在郑州大学第一附属医院皮肤科前瞻性招募诊断明确的920例患者,每例患者上传1张临床图像至Autoderm进行诊断,然后计算其诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度和kappa值。结果92... 详细信息

目的评估人工智能软件Autoderm在我国患者中诊断皮肤病的性能。方法在郑州大学第一附属医院皮肤科前瞻性招募诊断明确的920例患者,每例患者上传1张临床图像至Autoderm进行诊断,然后计算其诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度和kappa值。结果920例患者中,Autoderm可以诊断871例(94.7%),不能诊断49例(5.3%)。Autoderm的第1位/前3位诊断平均灵敏度为41.8%和65.8%,平均特异度为96.8%和91.5%,平均准确度为92.9%和89.9%。第1位/前3位诊断与皮肤科医生诊断总体一致性为中等(κ=0.420、0.464)。但Autoderm对其不能诊断的病种也会给出5个肯定错误的诊断。结论Autoderm可以诊断我国大部分患者的常见皮肤病,显示出中等灵敏度、高特异度和高准确度,但存在一定的误诊率。

关键词：人工智能皮肤疾病诊断

Flood Frequency Analysis of Chenab River for Predicting Peak Flows during Late Monsoon Period

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2019年第1期8卷 1-29页

作者： Muhammad Atif Butt Atif Ali Sonia Ijaz Rashid Mehmood syed Amer mahmood Ghulam Jaffer Kashif Shafique Asadullah Khan Ghalib Rizwan Waheed Ali Iqtadar Mirza Department of Space Science University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Geography Forman Christian College University (Lahore) Lahore Pakistan Department of Geography Government College University (Lahore) Lahore Pakistan

The River Chenab is one of the main western rivers of the Indus River system in Pakistan, which undergoes intensive inundation almost every year during the late monsoon period. The present study performs flood frequency analyses for the river basin as well as simulates different levels of water flow in the system to speculate all kinds of inundation under different scenarios, i.e., to predict flood hazard and flood extended areas. Flood frequency analyses were performed at MARALA Headworks to Khanki Headworks. Data were collected from the Punjab Irrigation Department, Pakistan and from USGS and ASTER GDEM. The peak discharge of MARALA Headworks had been analyzed for 25 years. The preprocessing was performed in HEC Geo-RAS after preprocessing model run in HEC-RAS. After analysis the data were exported in HEC-RAS to ARCMAP to generate a floodplain and inundation map. Our analysis generated the result that different areas would be under water in different return periods. Flood hazards maps for different return periods 10, 20, 50 and 100 years were conducted using annual peaks flow of 35 years from 1980 to 2016. The maximum discharges at up and down stream for different periods were obtained using Gumbel distribution model results which showed that different areas were predicted under water in different return periods and affected areas after five years’ return period.

关键词： ASTER GDEM HEC Geo-RAS ARCMAP Gumbel Distribution Model