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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2008年第2期3卷 73-77页

作者： A.Javaid R.Hasan A.Zafar A.Ghafoor A.J.Pathan A.Rab A.Sadiq C.M.Akram I.Burki K.Shah M.Ansari N.rizvi S.U.Khan S.R.Awan Z.A.syed Z.H.lqbal Z.Shaheen N.ur Rehman 邢超 Department of Pulmonology Postgraduate Medical InstituteLady Reading Hospital Peshawar Department of Microbiology Agha Khan University HospitalKarachi TB Control Programme North West Frontier Province(NWFP)Peshawar Institute of Chest Diseases Kotri Department of Pulmonology Ayub Teaching HospitalAbbotabad Oiha Institute of Chest Diseases Karachi Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore Lyari General Hospital Karachi National TB Control Programme Islamabad Liaqat National Hospital Karachi Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi King Edwards Medical University Lahore Nishtar Medical College Multan Allama Iqbal Medical Lahore Wyeth(Pvt) Limited KarachiPakistan

背景:巴基斯坦是世界第6位结核病高负担国家。据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,巴基斯坦结核病发病率为181/10万,全国每年新增结核病患者28.6万例。来自于医院的资料表明:巴基斯坦耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)问题已十分严重,急需在社区水平对耐多药... 详细信息

背景:巴基斯坦是世界第6位结核病高负担国家。据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,巴基斯坦结核病发病率为181/10万,全国每年新增结核病患者28.6万例。来自于医院的资料表明:巴基斯坦耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)问题已十分严重,急需在社区水平对耐多药结核病的严重程度开展评估。本研究为针对巴基斯坦耐药结核病流行状况开展的横段面研究,所使用的痰标本来自于巴基斯坦全国742例未经治疗的新诊断的肺结核患者。目的:评估巴基斯坦原发性耐药的流行情况结果:在672例痰培养阳性患者中,有76例(11.3%)出现了对1种或多种抗结核药物耐药。36例(5.4%)患者对链霉素(10μg/ml)耐药; 51例(7.6%)患者对异烟肼(1μg/ml)耐药;15例(2.2%)患者对利福平(5μg/ml)耐药;12例(1.8%)患者对乙胺丁醇(10μg/ml)耐药;22例(3.3%)患者对吡嗪酰胺耐药。有46例(6.8%)患者痰标本中分离的结核菌株耐1种抗结核药物, 10例(1.5%)同时耐2种抗结核药物,12例(1.8%)同时耐3种抗结核药物,6例(0.9%)同时耐4种抗结核药物,2例(0.3%)同时耐全部5种抗结核一线药。原发性耐多药率为1.8%,(n= 12)(异烟肼1μg/ml,利福平5μg/ml)。结论:研究结果表明,巴基斯坦原发性耐多药率<2%,需要进一步实施有效的DOTS策略。

关键词：原发性耐药耐多药结核病巴基斯坦

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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich nadeem H.rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central Laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas Ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging Ltd PitstoneUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics Ltd ReadingUK DeBe Lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments Ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces Ltd KenleyUK JEH Lasers Ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics Ltd BallasallaUK Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific Ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight Ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared Lasers Ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK Ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems Ltd BeckenhamUK Laser Micromachining Ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK Ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes Research Laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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