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The Perspective of Covid-19 Vaccines: What Needs to Be Known and Its Expected Effect on the Human Population?

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第10期10卷 34-46页

作者： Syahrul Tuba Widyati syed azhar syed sulaiman Anggi Khairina Hanum Hasibuan Faculty of Military Pharmacy The Republic of Indonesia Défense University Sentul Indonesia Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Science University Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Chemistry Department The Republic of Indonesia Défense University Sentul Indonesia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating blow to the entire world community and changes the order of human life. Purpose: All efforts and strategies are being carried out to contain and reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by tightening the health protocol and using vaccines for the public. Currently, several vaccines are available and have passed phase 3 clinical trials, such as vector vaccines (Gamaleya Sputnik V Russia, University of Oxford/AstraZeneca, CanSino, and Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies), mRNA-based vaccines (Moderna/BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer), inactivated vaccines (Sinovac and Sinopharm from China, Covaxin from Bharat Biotech India) and adjuvanted recombinant protein nanoparticles (Novavax from the USA), which are expected to be able to suppress the spread of the virus and produce a minimum of 70% herd immunity in a population. This study uses a narrative review from reputable publications and is closely related to the topic. Result: Each vaccine’s efficacy varies from the lowest, namely, the Sinovac vaccine (CoronaVac) 50%, to the highest the Novavax vaccine (NVX-Cov2373) 96% effectivity value. However, further rigorous research is still being carried out to develop an effective and efficient vaccine. Health workers are the last bastion to handle COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The primary purpose of the present immunization is to prevent and minimize the spread of COVID-19. At this time, the availability of a variety of vaccines is expected to provide strategic answers to the pandemic scenario that has afflicted countries all over the world.

关键词： Vaccine Development and Manufacturing COVID-19 SARS-COV-2 Vaccine

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Prediction and rate of infections in diabetes mellitus patients with diabetes ketoacidosis in Penang, Malaysia

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2012年第1期2卷 1-6页

作者： syed Wasif Gillani syed azhar syed sulaiman Shameni Sundram Hospital Pulau Pinang Penang Malaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia

Study aimed to determine the rate and prediction of infection in diabetes mellitus patients ≥18 year, with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Retrospective cohort study design was adopted to achieve the objectives. Universal sampling technique was employed for data collection among Diabetes ketoacidosis patients, over a period of 3 years (Jan 2008-Dec 2010). Statistical package for social sciences used to analyze data. Over a 3-year period, total of 967 admissions were identified. Of it, 112 (11.6%) with no infection, 679 (70.2%) with bacterial infection and 176 (18.2%) with presumed viral infection. The mean WBC for all the patients was 18,177 (±9431). 721 (74.6%) had leukocytosis, as defined by a WBC ≥ 15,000/mm3. WBC, differential, leukocytosis, as well as sex, temperature were not significant predictors (p > 0.05) of bacterial infection. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference of age between the 3 groups, age above 57 years have high rate of infection as compared to age below and equal 57 years. The infection rate in elderly patients with DKA was high and majority of them had lack of clinical evidence. Major bacterial infections with potential serious sequel were particularly common (33.3%), among every third patient being presumed to have serious consequences.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Ketoacidosis Infections Predictors Rate of Infection

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Clinical critics in the management of diabetes mellitus

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Health 2012年第8期4卷 537-548页

作者： syed Wasif Gillani syed azhar syed sulaiman Shameni Sundram Suzana Christopher Victor Abdul Hakim Abdullah Hospital Pulau Pinang Penang Malaysia Pharmacy Department Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kota Bharu Malaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia Ziauddin College of Pharmacy Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan

There is a global epidemic of diabetes with its prevalence expected to increase from 5.1% in 2003 to 6.3% in 2025. This increase in diabetes is occurring in all nations, however, developing nations are particularly at risk. It spares no group and affects men, women, the elderly, young and people from very racial and socio-economic background. Nevertheless, certain ethnic groups including Asians are affected more than Caucasians. Large randomized clinical trials have shown that improvement in glycaemic control, together with management of diabetes-related risk factors like blood pressure and lipid control significantly reduce the micro and macro complications in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Patient education plays a crucial role in the prevention of diabetic fool problems. In Geneva, the rate of lower limb amputations was reduced by almost 75% after an educational intervention. People with diabetes must acquire the knowledge and skills through education to provide daily self-care in diabetes management which involves maintenance of healthy living, recognition and management of diabetes problems when they arise and taking preventive measures. Some factors include patients’ biomedical variables, the psychosocial environment, the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of patients themselves, home careers and health care providers, healthcare systems’ accessibility and availability and even the national political context may influence these self-care behaviors.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Self-Care Practices Glycaemic Control Management of DM

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Pharmacist intervention in home care program for diabetes patients

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012年第3期2卷 279-293页

作者： syed Wasif Gillani syed azhar syed sulaiman Mirza Baig Yelly Oktavia Sari Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi Sabariah Noor Haroon Nur Hafzan Md Hanafiah Department of Clinical Pharmacy Aimst University Bedong Malaysia Faculty of Pharmacy Andalas University Padang Indonesia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Malaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia

Majority of research reports identified moderate reduction in glycated haemoglobin with education interventions regardless of age group. Our study objective was to evaluate the pharmacist interventions in providing patient home care. A 24-week longitudinal quasi-experimental—pre-test/post-test study design was used to assess the effectiveness of a diabetes education program to enhance self-care practices. A double-blinded randomized study design was considered but was not feasible as the investigator was responsible for implementing the intervention and collecting data on outcomes. Since this was a longitudinal study a 25% attrition rate was included in the calculation of sample size. Hence the sample size for the proposed study was 106 subjects with 53 subjects in each group. All analyses were done using SPSS version 18?. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The Research Ethics Committee of hospital and the Malaysian Medical Research and Ethics Committee approved the study. Of the 109 subject who met the study-entry criteria, 3 subjects declined to participate due to lack of time and interest. There was no significant relationship between the demographic and clinical characteristic of participants who completed the study. No significant relationship between the intervention and control groups who completed the study in demographic, clinical and psychosocial contexts. Of the 47 subjects from the intervention group who reported adherent to their daily medication intake after the education intervention, 51 subjects (31.9%) reported taking their medication at the wrong time. The recommended times for oral anti-hyperglycemic medication (OAM) are: sulphonylureas 30 minutes before food, acarbose with food, metformin with or within 30 minutes after food. This research has shown a brief structured education program that incorporated behavior science specifically self-efficacy was effective in enhancing self-care practices (SMBG and medication adherence) and improving

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Interventional Study Longitudinal Study Pharmacist Services

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Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect

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World Journal of Virology 2023年第3期12卷 172-192页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Reem Elbeltagi Adel Salah Bediwy syed A Saboor Aftab Rawan Alhawamdeh Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonolgy Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Endocrinology and DM William Harvey Hospital(Paula Carr Centre)Ashford TN240LZKentUnited Kingdom Pediatrics Research and Development Genomics Creativity and Play CenterManama 0000Bahrain

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors *** is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental *** is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of *** aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and *** performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this *** of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus *** infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with *** the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of *** is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with *** addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including *** effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of *** modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.

关键词： Autism Children Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus Influenza virus Zika virus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Viral infection Core Tip:There is a mutual relationship between viral infections and autism.There is an increased risk of developing autism when contracting a viral infection during pregnancy or early postnatal life during the critical period of brain development.At the same time,children with autism have many co-morbidities that expose them to more risk of contracting infections,including viruses.Therefore,every effort should be made to prevent infections,especially during this critical period of neurodevelopment.Parents should also be educated about the importance of vaccination and immune modulation in children with autism to avoid further infections.

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Possible origin of inert gases in hydrocarbon reservoir pools of the Zindapir Anticlinorium and its surroundings in the Middle Indus Basin, Pakistan

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第6期9卷 456-473页

作者： Adeel Nazeer syed Habib Shah Ghulam Murtaza Sarfraz Hussain Solangi Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) Pakistan University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan

The natural gas in several gas fields in Pakistan is associated with varying percentages of inert gases（e.g.,CO;, N;, and H;S）. The heating capacity of such natural gas is measured in British thermal units（BTU） in Pakistan and is based on the combustion of the natural gases. The study area of this work belongs to the Middle Indus Basin, which also covers some parts of the sulaiman Foldbelt and the Punjab *** wells drilled in the study area contain inert gases（mostly CO;and N;） in varying percentages,which decreases the BTU value of sweet gases and the economic value of the gas *** were made to analyze the varying compositions of inert gases（mostly CO;and N;） along the deep-seated basement faults in the Zindapir Anticlinorium, eastern sulaiman Foldbelt, but no specific relation could be established. Similarly, geothermal gradient zones were identified and the distribution of inert gases in these zones was studied, but even so, no well-established relation could be ***, variations in the amounts of inert gases in the Chiltan Limestone of the Rodho Structure and the Afiband Structure point to the generation of in situ inert gases because both wells were drilled on the same anticlinorium and share the same geology, and possibly, the same source rock. Post-accumulation changes probably play an important role in the generation of in situ inert gases in varying concentrations.H;S is also present in some parts of the Indus Basin. Therefore, a brief discussion about the possible origin of the H;S is also included in this paper.

关键词： Inert gases Zindapir anticlinorium and hydrocarbon reservoir pool Middle Indus basin Pakistan

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中巴经济走廊建设与阿富汗的机遇

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China International Studies 2021年第2期66卷 152-168页

作者： [巴基斯坦]syed Hussain Shaheed Soherwordi Sadia sulaiman Department of International Relations at the University of Peshawar the Area Study Center Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad

From the Belt and Road Initiative to Afghanistan’s present security situation,China has been instrumental in having cordial and close relations with regional *** the Cold War,China never supported the expansionist policy of the Soviet Union and even condemned the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in ***,China has never sought direct engagement with Afghan Mujahedeen;instead,it prefers an indirect approach either through Pakistan or the US for peace in ***’s policy of non-interference in Afghanistan’s foreign policy continued till the fall of the Taliban regime in *** has been cautious about its participation in the Afghan peace process,and always puts peace as the topmost *** explanation for such a cautious approach with Afghanistan may be the existence of a terrorist network between ISIS in Khurasan,the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan(IMU),the East Turkistan Islamic Movement,the Haqqani Network,al-Qaeda,and ISIS,which secretly supports Islamic militancy in the Uighur population.

关键词：中巴经济走廊 policy ISIS

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Geology of Northern sulaiman Foldbelt, Shirani and Waziristan Regions (South Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa): New Tomistominae (Miocene False Gharial) from Sakhi Sarwar Area of Dera Ghazi Khan (South Punjab), Pakistan

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第6期12卷 521-564页

作者： Muhammad Sadiq Malkani Muhammad Ilyas Riffat Yasin Asghar Abbas Khizar Samiullah Tehreem Raza syed Sibt E. Hassan Rana Mehrooz Fazal Aqsa Noor Aeman Malik Geological Survey of Pakistan Muzaffarabad Pakistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences MNSUA Multan Department of Zoology Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan Department of Zoology GC University Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Pure and Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

Northern Koh sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan (South Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) comprised mostly PermoTriassic to Recent sediments with subordinate igneous and metamorphic rocks. These sedimentary strata folded and faulted by geodynamic and tectonic forces occurred during Late Cretaceous to Recent revealed through anticlinal and synclinal foldings and active faultings. The Northern Koh sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan areas host many economic minerals like copper and chromite, construction stones, marble limestones, gypsum and cement resources, uranium and other radioactive mineral resources, low-quality iron, phosphate and muddy coal, high-quality gemstones, petroleum potential and excellent water resources and many other rocks and minerals. High-quality window and faden quartz crystals deposited in fractures and fissures as vugs and veins deposited by high-temperature hypothermal solution created by the tectonic compression process. The area has economic chromite and magnesite deposits. The Northern Koh sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan areas have large cement raw materials/resources (limestones, gypsum and shale/clays available mostly on same sites) which vitally need to install many cement industries in these areas because the ideal central location and now only one cement industry (Dera Ghazi Khan cement industry) is in operation. The Northern Koh sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan consists of excellent surface water resources which need the construction of smaller and medium-sized dams on different rud kohi/streams/rivers for the development of the area. Sakhi Sarwar area of Dera Ghazi Khan (South Punjab) yielded fossil of new Tomistominae (False Gharial) Gavialidae and further its surroundings recently yielded fossils of famous vertebrates like reptiles (dinosaurs, crocodiles, pterosaur and snake), birds and mammals, and tracks/trackways of Late Cretaceous ar

关键词： Stratigraphy Tectonic Structures Economic Minerals New False Gharial Northern sulaiman Foldbelt Shirani North and South Waziristan Pakistan

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