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Linkage between the intestinal microbiota and residual feed intake in broiler chickens

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1073-1088页

作者： Jing Liu sydney n.stewart Kelsy Robinson Qing Yang Wentao Lyu Melanie A.Whitmore Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research Service(ARS)FayettevilleARUSA Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-products Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina

Background:Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in nutrient digestion and utilization with a profound impact on feed efficiency of livestock ***,the intestinal microbes that are critically involved in feed efficiency remain ***:To identify intestinal bacteria associated with residual feed intake(RFI)in chickens,male Cobb broiler chicks were individually housed from day 14 to day *** RFI values were calculated for 56 *** contents were collected from the ileum,cecum,and cloaca of each animal on day *** DnA was isolated and subjected to 16S rRnA gene *** microbiota was classified to the feature level using Deblur and QIIME *** and low RFI groups were formed by selecting 15 and 17 chickens with the most extreme RFI values for subsequent LEfSe comparison of the difference in the *** correlation analysis was further performed to identify correlations between the intestinal microbiota composition and ***:no significant difference in evenness,richness,and overall diversity of the microbiota in the ileum,cecum,or cloaca was observed between high and low RFI ***,LEfSe analysis revealed a number of bacterial features being differentially enriched in either high or low RFI *** correlation analysis further identified many differentially enriched bacterial features to be significantly correlated with RFI(Pntly,not all short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)producers showed a positive association with *** two novel members of Oscillibacter and Butyricicoccus were more abundant in low-RFI,high-efficiency chickens,several other SCFA producers such as Subdoligranulum variabile and two related Peptostreptococcaceae members were negatively associated with feed ***,a few closely-related Lachnospiraceae family members showed a positive correlation with feed efficiency,while others of the same family displayed an opposite relationship.C

关键词： Feed conversion ratio Feed efficiency Microbiota Poultry Residual feed intake

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Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 520-535页

作者： Qing Yang Jing Liu Kelsy J.Robinson Melanie A.Whitmore sydney n.stewart Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceFayettevilleARUSA Safety and Security Division Institute for Public ResearchCNAArlingtonVAUSA

Background:Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and ***,involvement of the fungal community,also known as the mycobiota,in animal health and disease is poorly *** study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis(nE),an economically significant poultry ***:A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10,followed by an oral challenge with *** on d 14 to induce nE,while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected *** d 17,the lesions in the jejunum were scored,and the ileal digesta were subjected to DnA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi *** transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota *** in the ileal mycobiota in response to nE were *** correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of ***:While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2-to 3-fold in nE chickens,the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated nE,with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected *** of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with nE(P=0.06).Compositionally,among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),11 were diminished and 7 were enriched(Pned largely unchanged in nEafflicted chickens(P>0.05).Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in nE(Pnd also showed a significant negative correlation with nE severity(Pnclusions:Dysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by nE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease ***

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance C.perfringens Dysbiosis ITS sequencing Microbiome Mycobiota necrotic enteritis Poultry

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Robust Machine Learning Mapping of sEMG Signals to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Ali nasr sydney Bell Rachel L.Whittaker Clark R.Dickerson John McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine learning model for regression of interrupted Surface Electromyography(sEMG)signals to future control-oriented signals(e.g.,robot’s joint angle and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-level myoelectric-based hierarchical control is proposed.A Recurrent neural network(Rnn)was trained using output data,initially obtained from offline optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the Rnn consisted of interrupted sEMG signals(to mimic signal disconnections)and previous kinematic signals of the assistive *** Rnn with a 0.1-s prediction horizon could predict the control-oriented joint angle and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectively,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control-oriented signals instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simulation of a multibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signals significantly improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal *** Robust Predictive Control-oriented Machine Learning(Robust-MusclenET)model can support volitional high-level myoelectric-based control of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskeletons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work should study the application to prosthesis control as well as the repeatability of the high-level controller with electrode *** low-level hierarchical controller that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination should also be studied.

关键词： Myoelectric-based control-Surface electromyography Machine learning Multibody system dynamics Exoskeleton Bionic

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Particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+T cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte sydney R.Shannon Dennis H.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi Jawaun J.Harris Kaitlyn Storm Edwin J.Yoo Ariel Isser Vivek P.Jani natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly Rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Meyer Zoe T.Hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany Y.Tzeng Jonathan P.Schneck Jordan J.Green Translational Tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+T cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly(ethylene glycol)

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Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement Technologies and Integrated Solutions

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： S.F.Ismael A.H.Alias n.A.Haron B.B.Zaidan Abdulrahman M.Abdulghani Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA SP Jain School of Global Management LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Department of Communication Technology and network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island *** evaluation of pavement types and variables inﬂuencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our *** serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable *** highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Pavement sustainability urban heat island environmental impact of pavements innovative pavement solutions economic and social implications sustainable development in urban areas

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Experiential Learning in a Canadian Physical Education Class:A Comparative Perspective from Pre-service PE Teachers in Canada and China

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ECnU Review of Education 2022年第3期5卷 509-519页

作者： sydney Hector Geri Salinitri Faculty of Education University of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada N9B3P4

This article focuses on a comparative analysis of traditional Physical Education games and experiential learning on the part of teacher candidates enrolled in an Ontario Faculty of Education and onein Southwest China.

关键词： Canadian Chinese daily physical activity games comparison pedagogy physical education

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An Rh1-GFP Fusion Protein Is in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of a White Mutant Strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 1007-1020页

作者： Corinne Yoshihara Kentaro Inoue Denise Schichnes Steven Ruzin William Inwood sydney Kustu Department of Plant and Microbial Biology 111 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA Department of Plant Sciences 131 Asmundson Hall University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA CnR Biological Imaging Facility 381 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA

The major Rhesus （Rh） protein of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Rhl, is homologous to Rh proteins of humans. It is an integral membrane protein involved in transport of carbon dioxide. To localize a fusion of intact Rhl to the green fluorescent protein （GFP）, we used as host a white （Its1） mutant strain of C. reinhardtii, which is blocked at the first step of carotenoid biosynthesis. The Its1 mutant strain accumulated normal amounts of Rhl heterotrophically in the dark and Rhl-GFP was at the periphery of the cell co-localized with the cytoplasmic membrane dye FM4-64. Although Rhl carries a potential chloroplast targeting sequence at its n-terminus, Rhl-GFP was clearly not associated with the chloroplast envelope membrane. Moreover, the n-terminal half of the protein was not imported into chloroplasts in vitro and n-terminal regions of Rhl did not direct import of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase （SSU）. Despite caveats to this interpretation, which we discuss, current evidence indicates that Rhl is a cytoplasmic membrane protein and that Rhl-GFP is among the first cytoplasmic membrane protein fusions to be obtained in C. reinhardtii. Although Its1 （white） mutant strains cannot be used to localize proteins within sub-compartments of the chloroplast because they lack thylakoid membranes, they should nonetheless be valuable for localizing many GFP fusions in Chlamydomonas.

关键词： CO2 acquisition fluorescence imaging membrane biology protein targeting.

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Human　Influences　on　the　Development　of　Acid　Sulphate　Soils　in　the　Pearl　River　（the　Zhujiang）　Delta

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Pedosphere 1996年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： LIn CHUXIA(chool Of Geography, The University of new South Wales, sydney, n. S. W. 2052 (Australia)) School of Geography University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

In the Pearl River Delta with more than 1000 years of intensive land reclamation history, the developmentof acid sulphate soils has been generally limited in terms of their acid potential (pyrite content) and spatialextent. This is attributed to the rapid delta progradation, partially resulted from increasing sediment yieldcaused by deforestation within the catchment and the empolderment in the estuarine embayment. Theempolderment practice accompanied by the clearance of mangroves stopped the upward growth of the pyriticlayer on the one hand and limited the vertical accretion of non-pyritic freshwater sediments over the pyriticestuarine sedimellts on the other. In such a case, the Pyritic layer in the area is frequently thin and ofshallow occurrence. Under forced leaching-recharge conditions for the paddy rice cultivation, the leaching ofacid sulphate materials prevails over its production and this leads to a net loss in pyrite oxidation *** excaVation for fishpond farming accelerates Pyrite oxidation due to the direct exposure of the pyriticsediments to air on the pond bunds. Severe acidification can intensify the environmental degradation ofestuarine ecosystems.

关键词： acid sulphate soil fishpond farming human impact pyrite water management

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Progress toward the Synthesis of Pochonin J

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2019年第2期9卷 96-105页

作者： sydney n. Jackson Rongson Pongdee Department of Chemistry The University of the South Sewanee USA

The construction of the C(1) - C(5) fragment of the resorcylic acid lactone pochonin J is described. The synthesis is marked by the installation of the cis-1,3-diol moiety in a highly stereoselective manner using Evans’ intra-molecular base-catalyzed oxyconjugate addition of a hemiacetal-derived nucleophile. The synthetic route presented affords an efficient pathway to the preparation of this critical architectural feature that should facilitate the development of this secondary metabolite as a potential drug candidate.

关键词： natural Products Pochonin J Resorcylic Acid Lactones

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Understanding When and How to Treat Dogs with Common Complicated Heart Disease

Understanding When and How to Treat Dogs with Common Complic...

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中国畜牧兽医学会2010年学术年会——第二届中国兽医临床大会

作者： n.sydney Moise Diplomate American College of Veterinary Medicine Professor of MedicineCornell University

OVERVIEW OF PRESEnTATIOn During this presentation I will discuss the treatment of the most common cardiac diseases identified worldwide in dogs kept as *** have a very short time to cover this material;therefore,this presentation will be formatted to focus attention on the most critical decision regarding both diagnosis and treatment using clinical ***,a fundamental pathophysiological concept will be stated for each response.

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