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Influence of scattering of SH-waves in dynamic interaction of shear wall with soil layers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2020年第3期19卷 583-595页

作者： Shashi Kumar swapan Kumar Chakraborty Department of Mathematics Sarala Birla UniversityRanchi 835103India Department of Applied Mathematics Cambridge Institute of TechnologyRanchi 835103India Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of TechnologyMesraRanchi 835215India

The dynamic soil-structure interaction of a shear wall embedded in elastic isotropic and homogeneous soil layers underlain by bedrock,subjected to SH waves,is modeled in the present *** soil layers consist of irregular interfaces and it has been shown that the scattering due to the roughness of the layers has significant effect on the displacement of both the foundation and the shear *** demonstrate the phenomena indirect boundary element method(IBEM)has been used on the basis of its validation in previous problems of similar *** system response is compared with the analytical solution of the same type of model for vertically propagating incident SH *** is observed that for the low frequency of wave,displacement is abruptly high,and as a result the combination of shear wall and foundation perceives *** thickness of the soil layer,mass of the shear wall,stiffness of the bedrock and the soil layers all affects the system frequency and displacement.

关键词： soil dynamic interaction

Code Based Analysis for Object-Oriented Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2006年第6期21卷 965-972页

作者： swapan Bhattacharya Ananya Kanjilal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata-700032 India Department of Information Technology B. P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology Kolkata-700052 India

Tile basic features of object-oriented software makes it difficult to apply traditional testing methods in objectoriented systems. Control Flow Graph （CFG） is a well-known model used for identification of independent paths in procedural software. This paper highlights the problem of constructing CFG in object-oriented systems and proposes a new model named Extended Control Flow Graph （ECFG） for code based analysis of Object-Oriented （OO） software. ECFG is a layered CFG where nodes refer to methods rather than statements. A new metrics Extended Cyclomatic Complexity （E-CC） is developed which is analogous to McCabe＇s Cyclomatic Complexity （CC） and refers to the number of independent execution paths within the OO software. The different ways in which CFG＇s of individual methods are connected in an ECFG are presented and formulas for E-CC for these different cases are proposed. Finally we have considered an example in Java and based on its ECFG, applied these cases to arrive at the E-CC of the total system as well as proposed a methodology for calculating the basis set, i.e., the set of independent paths for the OO system that will help in creation of test cases for code testing.

关键词： object-oriented testing extended control flow graph extended cyclomatic complexity test paths graph-based testing

Modulation of autophagy for neuroprotection and functional recovery in traumatic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1601-1612页

作者： swapan K.Ray Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology University of South Carolina School of Medicine

Spinal cord injury(SCI) is a serious central nervous system trauma that leads to loss of motor and sensory functions in the SCI patients. One of the cell death mechanisms is autophagy, which is ‘self-eating' of the damaged and misfolded proteins and nucleic acids, damaged mitochondria, and other impaired organelles for recycling of cellular building blocks. Autophagy is different from all other cell death mechanisms in one important aspect that it gives the cells an opportunity to survive or demise depending on the circumstances. Autophagy is a therapeutic target for alleviation of pathogenesis in traumatic SCI. However, functions of autophagy in traumatic SCI remain controversial. Spatial and temporal patterns of activation of autophagy after traumatic SCI have been reported to be contradictory. Formation of autophagosomes following therapeutic activation or inhibition of autophagy flux is ambiguous in traumatic SCI studies. Both beneficial and harmful outcomes due to enhancement autophagy have been reported in traumatic SCI studies in preclinical models. Only further studies will make it clear whether therapeutic activation or inhibition of autophagy is beneficial in overall outcomes in preclinical models of traumatic SCI. Therapeutic enhancement of autophagy flux may digest the damaged components of the central nervous system cells for recycling and thereby facilitating functional recovery. Many studies demonstrated activation of autophagy flux and inhibition of apoptosis for neuroprotective effects in traumatic SCI. Therapeutic induction of autophagy in traumatic SCI promotes axonal regeneration, supporting another beneficial role of autophagy in traumatic SCI. In contrast, some other studies demonstrated that disruption of autophagy flux in traumatic SCI strongly correlated with neuronal death at remote location and impaired functional recovery. This article describes our current understanding of roles of autophagy in acute and chronic traumatic SCI, crosstalk

关键词： apoptosis autophagy autophagy modulation neuroprotection traumatic spinal cord injury

GDM： A New Graph Based Data Model Using Functional Abstractionx

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2006年第3期21卷 430-438页

作者： Sankhayan Choudhury Nabendu Chaki swapan Bhattacharya Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Calcutta India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University India

In this paper, a Graph-based semantic Data Model （GDM） is proposed with the primary objective of bridging the gap between the human perception of an enterprise and the needs of computing infrastructure to organize information in some particular manner for efficient storage and retrieval. The Graph Data Model （GDM） has been proposed as an alternative data model to combine the advantages of the relational model with the positive features of semantic data models. The proposed GDM offers a structural representation for interacting to the designer, making it always easy to comprehend the complex relations amongst basic data items. GDM allows an entire database to be viewed as a Graph （V, E） in a layered organization. Here, a graph is created in a bottom up fashion where V represents the basic instances of data or a functionally abstracted module, called primary semantic group （PSG） and secondary semantic group （SSG）. An edge in the model implies the relationship among the secondary semantic groups. The contents of the lowest layer are the semantically grouped data values in the form of primary semantic groups. The SSGs are nothing but the higher-level abstraction and are created by the method of encapsulation of various PSGs, SSGs and basic data elements. This encapsulation methodology to provide a higher-level abstraction continues generating various secondary semantic groups until the designer thinks that it is sufficient to declare the actual problem domain. GDM, thus, uses standard abstractions available in a semantic data model with a structural representation in terms of a graph. The operations on the data model are formalized in the proposed graph algebra. A Graph Query Language （GQL） is also developed, maintaining similarity with the widely accepted user-friendly SQL. Finally, the paper also presents the methodology to make this GDM compatible with the distributed environment, and a corresponding query processing technique for distributed environment is also sugg

关键词： graph data model semantic group semantic data model distributed database fragmentation and allocation schema

Impact of dam on inundation regime of flood plain wetland of punarbhaba river basin of barind tract of Indo-Bangladesh

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 109-121页

作者： swapan Talukdar Swades Pal Department of Geography University of Gour BangaMaldaIndia

Present study raises a serious issue of wetland loss and transformation due to damming and water *** present study,it is noticed that overall rainfall trend(-0.006)of the study period(1978-2015)remains unchanged but riparian wetland area is attenuated after damming both pre monsoon(March to May)and post monsoon season(October to December).Total wetland area in pre-and post-monsoon seasons is respectively reduced from 42.2 km^(2) to 27.87 km^(2),and from 277.85 km^(2) to 220.90 km^(2) in post dam *** of frequently inundated wetland area into sparsely inundated wetland is mainly triggered by flow modification due to installation of Komardanga dam and Barrage over Punarbhaba and its major tributary Tangon *** inundated seasonal wetland area is rapidly reclaimed for agricultural *** extreme issue will invite instability in socio-ecological setup of the neighbouring region.

关键词： Delimitation of wetland Damming on river Seasonal regime Flow modification Flood plain modification Wetland deterioration

Quality Assessment and Forecast Sensitivity of Global Remote Sensing Observations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第3期34卷 371-382页

作者： swapan MALLICK Devajyoti DUTTA Ki-Hong MIN School of Earth System Sciences Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Earth System Science OrganizationNoida 201309India

The satellite-derived wind from cloud and moisture features of geostationary satellites is an important data source for numerical weather prediction （NWP） models. These datasets and global positioning system radio occultation （GPSRO） satellite radiances are assimilated in the four-dimensional variational atmospheric data assimilation system of the UKMO Unified Model in India. This study focuses on the importance of these data in the NWP system and their impact on short-term 24-h forecasts. The quality of the wind observations is compared to the short-range forecast from the model background. The observation increments （observation minus background） are computed as the satellite-derived wind minus the model forecast with a 6-h lead time. The results show the model background has a large easterly wind component compared to satellite observations. The importance of each observation in the analysis is studied using an adjoint-based forecast sensitivity to observation method. The results show that at least around 50% of all types of satellite observations are beneficial. In terms of individual contribution, METEOSAT-7 shows a higher percentage of impact （nearly 50%）, as compared to GEOS, MTSAT-2 and METEOSAT-10, all of which have a less than 25% impact. In addition, the impact of GPSRO, infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer （IASI） and atmospheric infrared sounder （AIRS） data is calculated. The GPSRO observations have beneficial impacts up to 50 km. Over the Southern Hemisphere, the high spectral radiances from IASI and AIRS show a greater impact than over the Northern Hemisphere. The results in this study can be used for further improvements in the use of new and existing satellite observations.

关键词： wind observation increment observation impact forecast sensitivity to observation

Effect of molasses binder on the physical and mechanical properties

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第1期26卷 41-51页

作者： Anand Babu Kotta Anshuman Patra Mithilesh Kumar swapan Kumar Karak Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology

Molasses was used as an alternative binder to the bentonite binder. The change in moisture absorption by pellets prepared with different iron ores and different molasses contents were investigated. Iron ore properties exerted the major effect on pellet behavior and final pellet quality. The absorbed moisture content of pellets prepared without binder, bentonite-added pellets, and molasses-added pellets were in the range of 7.72%–9.95%, 9.62%–10.84%, and 6.14%-6.69%, respectively. The wet pellet compressive strength of molasses-added pellets(43–230 N/pellet) was superior to that of bentonite-added pellets(9.47–11.92 N/pellet). The compressive strength of dried molasses-modified pellets increased to 222–394 N/pellet, which is currently the highest value achieved for dried pellets.

关键词： iron ore molasses binder moisture absorption pellet strength physical and mechanical properties

Neuroprotective role of Noggin in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 492-496页

作者： Nadia Al-Sammarraie Mohammed Mahmood swapan K.Ray Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSCUSA

Spinal cord injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young adults in many countries including the United *** in the regeneration of neurons is one of the main obstacles that leave spinal cord injury patients with permanent paralysis in most *** research has found that preventing acute and subacute secondary cellular damages to the neurons and supporting glial cells can help slow the progression of spinal cord injury pathogenesis,in part by reactivating endogenous regenerative proteins including Noggin that are normally present during spinal cord *** is a complex protein and natural inhibitor of the multifunctional bone morphogenetic proteins,and its expression is high during spinal cord development and after induction of spinal cord *** this review article,we first discuss the change in expression of Noggin during pathogenesis in spinal cord ***,we discuss the current research knowledge about the neuroprotective role of Noggin in preclinical models of spinal cord ***,we explain the gap in the knowledge for the use of Noggin in the treatment of spinal cord *** results from extensive in vitro and in vivo research have revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of Noggin treatment remains debatable due to its neuroprotective effects observed only in early phases of spinal cord injury but little to no effect on altering pathogenesis and functional recovery observed in the chronic phase of spinal cord ***,clinical information regarding the role of Noggin in the alleviation of progression of pathogenesis,its therapeutic efficacy,bioavailability,and safety in human spinal cord injury is still lacking and therefore needs further investigation.

关键词： apoptosis astrocyte differentiation axon myelination axon regeneration bone morphogenetic protein glial scar heterotrophic ossification neurogenesis neuropathic pain Noggin spinal cord injury

Field based index of flood vulnerability (IFV): A new validation technique for flood susceptible models

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 110-123页

作者： Susanta Mahato Swades Pal swapan Talukdar Tamal Kanti Saha Parikshit Mandal Department of Geography University of GourBangaMaldaIndia

The flood hazard management is one of the major challenges in the floodplain regions *** the rise in population growth and the spread of infrastructural development,the level of risk has increased over ***,the prediction of flood susceptible area is a key challenge for the adoption of management *** susceptibility modeling is technically a common work,but it is still a very tough job to validate flood susceptible models in a very rigorous and scientific ***,the present work in the Atreyee River Basin of India and Bangladesh was planned to establish artificial neural network(ANN),radial basis function(RBF),random forest(RF)and their ensemble-based flood susceptibility *** flood susceptible models were constructed based on nine flood conditioning *** flood susceptibility models were validated in a conventional way using the receiver operating curve(ROC).To validate the flood-susceptible models,a two dimensional(2D)hydraulic flood simulation model was ***,the index of flood vulnerability model was developed and applied for validating the flood susceptible models,which was a very unique way to validate the predictive *** test and Wilcoxon Signed rank test were employed to compare the generated flood susceptible *** showed that 11.95%-12.99%of the entire basin area(10188.4 km^(2))comes under very high flood-susceptible *** evaluation results have shown that the performance of ensemble flood susceptible models outperforms other standalone machine learning *** flood simulation model and IFV model were also spatially adjusted with the flood susceptibility ***,the present study recommended for the ensemble flood susceptibility prediction and IFV based validation along with conventional ways.

关键词： Flood susceptibility Flood vulnerability Machine learning Index of flood vulnerability Flood simulation model