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Getting to the bottom of Taxol biosynthesis by fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 161-170页

作者： Uwe Heinig susanne Scholz Stefan Jennewein Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und AngewandteÖkologie Forckenbeckstrasse 652074 AachenGermany

t Taxol(paclitaxel)is a highly-oxygenated diterpenoid natural product first isolated from the pacific yew tree(Taxus brevifolia).It is one of the most widely used anticancer *** after the discovery of its unique mode of action and the resulting high demand,an extensive search was initiated for alternative sources to replace the slow-growing and scarce pacific *** far,however,Taxol and related compounds have only been found in the genus Taxus,which comprises a small number of slow-growing plants with a broad but generally isolated geographical *** 1993,Stierle and colleagues reported the independent biosynthesis of Taxol in an endophytic fungus isolated from Taxus brevifolia,which resulted in more than 160 subsequent publications and patents addressing the biosynthesis of Taxol and related taxanes by *** literature on fungal taxane synthesis contains numerous inconsistencies,prompting us to thoroughly re-examine Taxol biosynthesis in endophytic fungi associated with Taxus *** a combination of phytochemistry,molecular biology and genome sequencing,we were unable to find any evidence for independent taxane biosynthesis in any of the endophytes,including the isolate described in the original publication(Taxomyces andreanae)and several more recent isolates from Taxus *** findings therefore resolve a long-standing mystery concerning the evolution of a complex terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in two distantly-related organisms.

关键词： Taxol biosynthesis Endophytic fungi Taxanes Terpene biosynthesis Taxomyces andreanae

Age and ovarian development are related to worker personality and task allocation in the ant Leptothorax acervorum

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 392-400页

作者： Stephan KIOHBANDNER Andreas P. MODLMEIER susanne FOITZIK Institute of Zoology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany Department Biology II Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Planegg-Martinsried Germany Institute of Zoology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 U.S.A.

In social insects, workers of different morphological castes and age are known to act differently. Yet, it is unclear how body size and ovarian development influence worker personalities （i.e. consistent behavioral variation） and task allocation in similar aged ant workers of monomorphic species. Behavioral variation is thought to be a key element of division of labor, but few studies have linked worker personality to task allocation. We investigated individual behavior in Leptothorax acervorum ant workers at two time points during the first three months of their life and in two different settings. We observed worker behavior in the nest （i.e. task allocation） and in standardized aggression, exploration and brood care experiments （i.e. personality） and found behavioral repeatability in foraging and exploration. Further, workers acted consistently across settings： workers with a more ag gressive and exploratory personality type were more active in the nest. Moreover, ovarian development was associated with worker personality and task allocation： older workers with welldeveloped ovaries foraged less, but were more aggressive and exploratory. In accordance with the typical agepolyethism of social insects, workers became more active and foraged more as they grew older. Consequently, our study suggests that task allocation in Leptothorax acervorum is not only influenced by ovari an development and age, but moreover by the personalities of its workers .

关键词： Personality Behavioral syndrome Division of labor Ovarian development Foraging Social insects

Springtime migratory restlessness and departure orientation of Great Knots(Calidris tenuirostris)in the south compared to the north Yellow Sea

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 123-133页

作者： Ning Hua susanne Akesson Qianyan Zhou Zhijun Ma Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Biodiversity ScienceFudan University Centre for Animal Movement Research Department of BiologyLund University

Background: The motivation of birds to proceed with migration is associated with both endogenous and exogenous factors. According to their migratory situation and to the characteristics of stopover sites, birds might exhibit migratory motivation differently among sites. Although migratory motivation of migrating birds has been well studied in many species, the investigation of the same species in different migratory situations and at different stopover sites is still limited. We predicted that birds at different stopover sites could differ in migratory disposition, including expression of migratory restlessness and responses to environmental ***: Here we compared migration motivation and orientation of Great Knots(Calidris tenuirostris) at two stopo ver sites, Chongming Dongtan in the south Yellow Sea, which is a temporary rest site, and Yalujiang Estuary Wetland in the north Yellow Sea, which is a critical refuelling site, during northward migration. Modified Emlen funnels, with thermal paper inside to record scratches of the birds, were used to detect activity(intensity and direction) of birds. Environmental conditions, including wind direction and speed, cloud cover, tide condition, times of the day(before and after sunset) were recorded during experiments. Generalized linear models were used to detect the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on the migratory motivation of the ***: In the south Yellow Sea, the migratory activity intensity of Great Knots was positively related to wind assistance. In the north Yellow Sea, where birds exhibited higher intensity of migratory activity than in the south, the intensity increased and the motivation to initiate migration grew stronger as the season advanced. The Great Knots exhibited wind-related orientation behaviour in the funnels at both ***: The results suggest that the intensity of migratory motivation differed between the two sites. Departure decisions of Great Knots appear to

关键词： Migratory restlessness Orientation Departure decision Migratory situation Spatio-temporal program Stopover Yellow Sea Shorebirds

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European Research Project’s Contributions to a Safer Automated Road Traffic

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第4期6卷 521-530页

作者： Felix Fahrenkrog susanne Reithinger Burak Gülsen Florian Raisch BMW AG Konzepte Integrale Sicherheit(EG-34)KnorrstraBe 14780788 MunichGermany

Automated driving is poised to become a pivotal technology in the future automotive ***,it is evident that the implementation of automated driving presents significant technical *** accelerate the development and deployment of automated driving the European Commission initiated the research project L3Pilot in *** a budget of 65 million Euros and the involvement of 13 car manufacturers,L3Pilot stands as the largest European project on automated driving(AD).This paper serves as a comprehensive account of BMW’s main activities in the L3Pilot project that ended in *** research questions addressed in this project are related to the following topics:what are the guidelines for the development of AD?How do potential customers interact with AD?And what is the safety impact assessment of AD?The paper presents the findings related to all three research questions to contribute to the further development of automated *** this purpose together with other partners the Code of Practice of AD was defined as a guideline for the development of future AD *** to the second question,BMW conducted tests with AD systems on motorways and in parking scenarios,with over 100 test subjects experiencing *** studies provide input and considerations for future AD ***,in the safety impact assessment,BMW investigated with other project partners the potential safety benefits of AD through *** results show a potential to improve road *** conclusion,the exploration of all three research questions has led to a deeper understanding of SAE Level 3 AD.

关键词： Automated driving L3Pilot Code of Practice Pilot Safety impact assessment User acceptance

Observation of Offshore Wind Farm Wakes by Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar

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Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science 2021年第1期4卷 38-48页

作者： Xiaoming LI susanne LEHNER Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation Sanya 572029China

In this paper,studies on offshore wind farm wakes observed by spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)are reviewed mainly based on our previous ***,we focus on investigating wind wakes and tidal current wakes observed by spaceborne SAR of Terra SAR-X,Gaofen-3 and Radarsat-2 in high spatial resolution,in two offshores wind farms,i.e.,the Alpha Ventus in the North Sea and the one near Donghai bridge in the East China *** examples of wind wakes and tidal current wakes observed by SAR in the two farms are presented and compared.A preliminary statistical analysis on morphology of wind feature downstream Alpha Ventus is presented as *** these studies on wind wakes generated by a single offshore wind farm,we show an example of wakes downstream multiple wind farms in the North Sea to demonstrate"cluster"effect of multiple offshore wind farms on sea wind.

关键词： offshore wind farm wakes synthetic aperture radar

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A New Concept for Regulatory Water Monitoring Via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2018年第4期2卷 342-351页

作者： susanne Brüggen Oliver J.Schmitz North Rhine Westphalian State Agency for Nature Environment and Consumer ProtectionLANUVDuesseldorfGermany Applied Analytical Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany Teaching and Research Center for Separation University of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany

A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water *** the current LC-MS/MS target approach for water monitoring,all targets can be quantified,but no additional information about the sample is *** the new concept,it is possible to detect 97%of the target compounds with a simplified quantification method without losing ***,a suspect target screening can be performed to get broader qualitative information about the water *** addition,the non-target screening offers the possibility to identify unknown *** three evaluation steps depend on the same analytical measurement so that a lot of measurement and quality assurance effort can be *** concept could change water monitoring and assessment,and make it much more efficiently without losing *** is a chance to measure less but learn more about the water bodies.

关键词： New concept for regulatory water monitoring High-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) Suspected target analysis Non-target analysis

A critical review of policies and legislation protecting Tanzanian wetlands

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第12期4卷 2-12页

作者： Silvia Francis Materu Brigitte Urban susanne Heise Department of Biosciences Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and EducationSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Institute of Ecology Faculty of Sustainability SciencesLeuphana University of LüneburgLüneburgGermany Faculty of Life sciences Hamburg University of Applied SciencesHamburgGermany

Introduction:The benefit of wetlands for reducing poverty depends on the effectiveness of governance systems that influence peoples’behaviour in the wise use of ***:This article critically analyses the current poverty reduction strategies,agrarian policies and economic investments governing wetland usage,especially in Tanzania,with regard to their impact on sustainable Ramsar wetlands ***:It analyses the management structure,domestic policies and legal framework relating to the protection of wetlands in Tanzania in accordance to the wise use concept of the Ramsar ***:Tanzanian legal provisions for wetland protection are uncoordinated and too limited in their coverage and scope to sufficiently address the destruction of wetland *** is no comprehensive national legal framework to guide sustainable management of Ramsar wetlands in Tanzania as laid out by the Ramsar Convention,which the country ratified in the year ***:Without a sound legislative and policy-making framework,Tanzanian wetlands and their diverse ecosystem services will continue to degenerate with current strategies of increasing agribusiness and other developmental projects or economic *** paper provides critical baseline information to inform decision makers to develop appropriate policy and laws,which promote the wise use of wetlands in Tanzania.

关键词： Economic investments poverty reduction wetland ecosystems Ramsar Sites legal frameworks sustainability

Seasonal movements of American horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus in the Great Bay Estuary,New Hampshire (USA)

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 587-598页

作者： susanne Y SCHALLER Christopher C.CHABOT Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ Department of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire Department of Biology Plymouth State University

The goal of this study was to determine the year round movement patterns of American horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire （USA） by using acoustic telemetry to track the movements of 37 adult Limulus, for periods ranging from 2 to 31 months. During the winter （December-March） horseshoe crabs moved very little. In the spring, when water temperatures exceeded II^C, horseshoe crabs moved at least 1 km further up into the estuary to shallower subtidal areas about a month prior to spawning. The mean distance traveled during spring migrations was 2.6 ＋ 0.5 （n=20） km up the estuary. Mating occurred in May and June and during these months animals spent most of their time in shallow subtidal areas adjacent to mating beaches. In the summer （July-Augnst）, animals moved 1.5 ± 0.5 （n=26） km down the estuary, towards the ocean, and ranged widely, using extensive portions of the estuary. In the fall （September-November） movement was more limited （0.5 ± 0.5 km; n = 24） while animals settled into wintering locations, where they remained until spring. The mean annual linear range for all animals was 4.5 ± 0.3 km （n =35） and the maximum distance traveled by an individual horseshoe crab within one year was 9.2 km. There was no evidence that any of the horseshoe crabs tracked during this study left the estuary

关键词： Limuluspolyphemus Acoustic telemetry Horseshoe crab Tracking Estuary Home range

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A fossil-calibrated relaxed clock for Ephedra indicates an Oligocene age for the divergence of Asian and New World clades and Miocene dispersal into South America

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 444-456页

作者： Stefanie M.ICKERT-BOND Catarina RYDIN susanne S.RENNER University of Alaska UA Museum of the North Herbarium and Institute of Arctic Biology Institute of Systematic Botany University of Zurich University of Munich Systematic Botany and Mycology

Ephedra comprises approximately 50 species,which are roughly equally distributed between the Old and New World deserts,but not in the intervening regions(amphitropical range).Great heterogeneity in the substitution rates of Gnetales(Ephedra,Gnetum,and Welwitschia) has made it difficult to infer the ages of the major divergence events in Ephedra,such as the timing of the Beringian disjunction in the genus and the entry into South ***,we use data from as many Gnetales species and genes as available from GenBank and from a recent study to investigate the timing of the major divergence *** of the tradeoff between the amount of missing data and taxon/gene sampling,we reduced the initial matrix of 265 accessions and 12 loci to 95 accessions and 10 loci,and further to 42 species(and 7736 aligned nucleotides) to achieve stationary distributions in the Bayesian molecular clock *** from a relaxed clock with an uncorrelated rates model and fossil-based calibration reveal that New World species are monophyletic and diverged from their mostly Asian sister clade some 30 mya,fitting with many other Beringian *** split between the single North American and the single South American clade occurred approximately 25 mya,well before the closure of the Panamanian ***,the biogeographic history of Ephedra appears dominated by long-distance dispersal,but finer-scale studies are needed to test this hypothesis.

关键词： biogeography Ephedra relaxed molecular clock dating uncorrelated rates model.