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The stadium effect:rodent damage patterns in rice fields explored using giving-up densities

Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 438-445页

作者： Clare R.JONES Renee P.LORICA James m.VILLEGAS Angelee F.RAmAL Finbarr G.HORGAN Grant R.SINGLETON Alexander m.STUART Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteMetro ManilaPhilippines Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentUK Centre for Compassionate Conservation University of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Rodents are globally important pre-harvest pests of *** Southeast Asia,rodent damage to growing rice crops is commonly concentrated towards the center of rice fields,away from the field edge,resulting in a clear pattern known as the“stadium effect.”To further understand this behavior of rodent pests and to develop recommendations for future research and management,we examined the relation between giving-up densities(GUDs)and damage *** Tanay,Luzon,Philippines,GUD trays containing pieces of coconut in a matrix of sand were placed at 4 different distances from the field edge to quantify the perceived risk of predation in a rice field pest,Rattus *** were recorded during a dry and wet season crop at the reproductive and ripening stages of *** addition,assessments of active burrows,tracking tile activity and rodent damage to the rice crop,were conducted in the dry *** were significantly lower in the center of the rice fields than on the field edges,suggesting that rodent damage to rice is greater in the middle of rice fields due to a lower perceived predation ***,this perception of predation risk(or fear)increases towards the field edge and was greatest on the rice bund,where there was no vegetation *** discuss the implications for rodent management and rodent damage assessments in rice *** is the first documented use of GUDs in a rice agro-ecosystem in Asia;thus we identify the challenges and lessons learned through this process.

关键词： habitat use landscape of fear pest management Rattus tanezumi rodent behavior

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右旋美托咪啶-咪达唑仑与丙泊酚用于小儿磁共振检查中麻醉维持的比较

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麻醉与镇痛 2010年第2期6卷 49-56页

作者： Christopher Heard, mBChB, FRCA Frederick burrows, mD Kristin Johnson, PharmD Prashant Joshi, mD James Houck, mD Jerrold Lerman FRCPC, FANZCA 马敏(译) 江海星(译) 饶艳(校) 王焱林(校) Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Pediatric Critical Care State University of New York at Buffalo Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo New York Department of Anesthesiology State University of New York at Buffalo Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo New York Department of Pharmacy Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo New York Division of Pediatric Critical Care State University of New York at Buffalo Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo New York Department of Anesthesiology Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo New York State University of New York at Buffalo and University of Rochester Rochester New York Department of Anesthesiology Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo Buffalo and Strong Memorial Hospital Rochester New York 不详

背景右旋美托咪啶是一种仪，受体激动剂，目前正在研究其是否适合用于小儿麻醉。本研究旨在比较右旋美托咪啶一咪达唑仑与丙泊酚对于七氟烷麻醉儿童磁共振扫描（m对）中的药效学反应差异。方法40例1～10岁，ASA1或2级，拟行mRI检查的患... 详细信息

背景右旋美托咪啶是一种仪，受体激动剂，目前正在研究其是否适合用于小儿麻醉。本研究旨在比较右旋美托咪啶一咪达唑仑与丙泊酚对于七氟烷麻醉儿童磁共振扫描（m对）中的药效学反应差异。方法40例1～10岁，ASA1或2级，拟行mRI检查的患儿，随机分为2组，两组均用七氟烷诱导，一组以右旋美托咪啶．咪达唑仑维持麻醉，另一组以丙泊酚维持麻醉。右旋美托咪啶组先静注负荷量（1μg／kg）后持续泵入（0．5μg·kg^-1·h^-1）。开始泵注后静注咪达唑仑（0．1mg／kg）。丙泊酚持续泵入（250—300μg·kg^-1·min^-1）。由一名不了解麻醉方案的护士来记录复苏时间及血流动力学变化。结果右旋美托咪啶组手术后完全恢复及出院时间明显长于（约15分钟）丙泊酚组。与丙泊酚组比较，右旋美托咪啶组心率减慢，收缩压增高。两组呼吸系统指标相近。恢复过程中，两组血流动力学反应相近。在麻醉及手术后恢复过程中，心肺指标均在同年龄段儿童的正常范围内。无麻醉意外发生。结论在mRＩ检查中，右旋美托咪啶．咪达唑仑提供足够的麻醉深度，但-I丙泊酚相比麻醉复苏时间稍长。与丙泊酚组比较，使用右旋美托咪啶的患儿心率慢、收缩压高。两种方式的呼吸系统指标相近。

关键词：右旋美托咪啶咪达唑仑麻醉维持丙泊酚小儿麻醉磁共振检查血流动力学反应血流动力学变化

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经阴道分娩与剖宫产产妇的发病率

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 31-31页

作者： burrows L.J. meyn L.A. Weber A.m. 侯巍 Dr.Dept. Obstet. Gynecol./Repro. Sci. Magee-Womens Hospital 300 Halket Street Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

OBJECTIVE: To describe postpartum maternal morbidity associated with mode of delivery in term, singleton pregnancies. mETHODS: The magee Obstetric medical and Infant database was examined for the years 1995 to 2000. Patients were grouped into 6 types of delivery mode: spontaneous vaginal delivery, operative vaginal delivery, primary cesarean delivery without trial of labor, primary cesarean delivery with trial of labor, repeat cesarean delivery without trial of labor, and repeat cesarean delivery with trial of labor. multivariable logistic regression provided odds ratios and 95%confidence intervals (CI) for morbidity by delivery mode adjusted for demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was used as the referent group (odds ratio = 1). RESULTS: Of 32,834 subjects, 27,178 had vaginal delivery (operative = 4,908; spontaneous = 22,270) and 5,656 had cesarean delivery. Third-or fourth-degree lacerations occurred in 1,733 (7.8%)-women who had spontaneous vaginal delivery compared with 1,098 (22.3%) who had operative vaginal delivery. Overall, 523 women (1.6%) had endometritis. Compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery, primary cesarean delivery with trial of labor conferred a 21.2-fold increased risk of endometritis (95%CI 15.4, 29.1). Even without trial of labor, women after primary cesarean delivery were 10.3 times more likely to develop endometritis (95%CI 5.9, 17.9) than after spontaneous vaginal delivery. The risk of transfusion was highest in women delivered by primary cesarean after labor, 4.2 times higher (95%CI 1.8, 10.1) than spontaneous vaginal delivery. The risk of pneumonia was 9.3 times higher (95%CI 3.4, 25.6) after repeat cesarean delivery with labor. Deep venous thromboses occurred in 15 (0.1%) after spontaneous vaginal delivery, 2 (0.04%) after operative vaginal delivery, and 12 (0.2%) after cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: Compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery is associated with increased risks o

关键词：阴道分娩共病率经剖宫产分娩足月单胎子宫内膜炎参照组人口统计学率比

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Burrow morphology of Uca uruguayensis and Uca leptodactylus(Decapoda:Ocypodidae)from a subtropical mangrove forest in the western Atlantic

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 307-314页

作者： Glauco B.O.mACHADO João B.L.GUSmÃO-JUNIOR Tânia m.COSTA Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista UNESPSão VicenteSão PauloBrazil

The continuous excavation of burrows by fiddler crabs generates bioturbation in the sediment,which can be estimated from burrow *** aim of the present study was to describe the burrow morphology of Uca uruguayensis and *** and its relationship with demography of resident individuals and to estimate the level of bioturbation in the sediment generated by each *** all individuals from each of the 2 species,sex was determined and the carapace width(CW;mm)*** were characterized according to burrow diameter(BD;mm),maximum burrow depth(mBD;mm)and burrow volume(BV;cm^(3)).The density of each species in the study area was also *** both species,the males were larger and occupied burrows with higher BV compared to *** between sexes in relation to the burrow characteristics might reflect sexual dimorphism within the group and are probably related to the fact that males use the burrows for *** and BV showed significant positive relationships with the size of resident *** amount of sediment removed per burrow was estimated from mean BV:10.78 cm^(3)of sediment/burrow for *** and 12.38 cm^(3)of sediment/burrow for *** the density and depth differences between the 2 species,the similarity in burrow volume suggests that *** and *** present the same importance in terms of the bioturbation *** morphology is highly associated with characteristics of the occupant,although extrinsic factors should also be considered,and its description can provide estimates on the bioturbation generated by Uca species in mangrove forests.

关键词： bioturbation burrow structure crab burrowing fiddler crab

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通过狗的嗅觉发现膀胱癌患者:一项原理循证研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2005年第1期8卷 63-63页

作者： Carolyn m Willis susannah m Church Claire m Guest W Andrew Cook Noel mc Carthy Anthea J Bransbury martin R T Church John C T Church 刘炬

目的：研究经过训练的狗能否通过辨别尿的气味发现比按概率计算更高比率的膀胱癌患者。研究方法：按实验性原理循证研究方法进行实验。训练6只狗辨别膀胱癌患者、其他疾病患者以及健康对照者的尿样。然后，测试它们从7份尿样中辨别出1... 详细信息

目的：研究经过训练的狗能否通过辨别尿的气味发现比按概率计算更高比率的膀胱癌患者。研究方法：按实验性原理循证研究方法进行实验。训练6只狗辨别膀胱癌患者、其他疾病患者以及健康对照者的尿样。然后，测试它们从7份尿样中辨别出1份膀胱癌患者尿样的准确率。

关键词：膀胱癌疾病患者循证研究尿样实验性发现对照嗅觉辨别气味

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Nocturnal foragers exploit tree exudates from holes gouged by diurnal common marmoset monkeys(Callithrix jacchus)

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 617-623页

作者： Cynthia L.THOmPSON Lauren m.GAPP Leonardo C.O.mELO Christopher J.VINYARD maria A.B.DE OLIVEIRA Department of Biomedical Sciences Grand Valley State UniversityAllendaleMichiganUSA Departamento de morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecife-PEBrazil Department of Anatomy&Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA

INTRODUCTION Plant exudates are a common,yet often overlooked food source eaten by 94 mammalian species spread across 6 orders(Nash&burrows 2010;Cabana et al.2018).However,exudates(including gums,resins,and latex,defined following Cabana et al.2018)contain large amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates and plant secondary metabolites,posing challenges for mammals exploiting this resource(Power 2010).Due to the difficulty of gaining nutrition from exudates,they are not considered a high-quality food source,despite the number of species that consume them(Power 2010;Cabana et al.2018).

关键词： exploit resins latex

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A comparative study on the food composition and alimentary morphology in oxudercine gobies,with adaptations to their terrestrial forage

A comparative study on the food composition and alimentary m...

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中国海洋湖沼动物学会鱼类学分会第七届会员代表大会暨朱元鼎教授诞辰110周年庆学术研讨会

作者： m.Agusnimar Toru Takita Faculty of fisheries Nagasaki University1-14 Bunkyo-machiNagasaki 852-8521Japan Riau Islamic UniversityPekanbaruRiauIndonesia

The feeding behavior,food composition and alimentary morphology of 13 species Oxudercine Gobies were investigated in relation to their *** gobies not only exhibit various feeding behaviors but also occupy various niches in intertidal *** feeding habits of the fish are closely related to their emergence ability:Aquatic and semi-terrestrial genera Apocryptodon,Oxuderces, Pseudapocryptes and Boleophthalmus are herbivores,they are restricted to water pools around their burrows and utilize diatoms or blue-green algae nearby;more terrestrial genera Periophthalmodon and Periophthalmus are carnivorous,they can tolerant long-time emerging and wander on the open mudflats or river shore to hunt preys;semi-terrestrial Scartelaos are omnivorous,exploiting both diatoms and animal items which are adherent to substratum *** shape and arrangement of teeth,as well as the length and winding types of intestine are closely associated with the food habits in Oxudercine ***,the occurrence of large,recurved,canine teeth in omnivorous and herbivorous species seem to be related with territorial *** relative gut lengths of all oxudereine gobies are much smaller compared With those of aquatic *** difference suggests that body weight is minimized by means of shorten of intestine as an adaptation for terrestrial *** specializations,dietary choice,and digestive mechanisms related to alimentary morphology and life modes in oxudercine gobies were also discussed.

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西加拿大盆地油砂储层中的泥夹层特征

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地球科学（中国地质大学学报） 2004年第5期29卷 550-554页

作者：胡元现 m.Chan S.Bharatha G.Gurba D.Lee S.Papadimitrio 加拿大石油公司

西加拿大盆地含有丰富的油砂资源 ,主要产于阿尔伯达省东北部的下白垩统马克马里组 (mcmurrayFormation) .该组含有不等的砂泥斜互层 .这些砂泥斜互层 (IHS)在局部很发育 .描述其中的泥夹层为建立客观的储层模型提供了的重要数据 .试图从

关键词：油砂砂泥斜互层储层描述原地开采垂向渗透率

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生物原料中尼古丁的测定——污染的来源及其清除

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牡丹江医学院学报 1980年第S1期 64-66页

作者： C.F.EYERABEND m.A.H.RUSSELL 马利民

测定生物样品中尼古丁以前的方法受到从污染物而来的偶然干扰,而这些污染物是和内标(喹啉)一齐洗脱下来的。现在这种方法已被用异喹啉代(喹啉)作内标,修正气谱的操作条件所改进。这里将详细讨论在尼古丁的分析中,如分析试剂、大气、样... 详细信息

测定生物样品中尼古丁以前的方法受到从污染物而来的偶然干扰,而这些污染物是和内标(喹啉)一齐洗脱下来的。现在这种方法已被用异喹啉代(喹啉)作内标,修正气谱的操作条件所改进。这里将详细讨论在尼古丁的分析中,如分析试剂、大气、样品本身等其他污染的来源。在想要测定生物液体中尼古丁的以前的方法中,污染已成了主要的误差来源(burrows等人1971;Isaac和Rand1972,Falkman等人1975;Feyerabend等人1975;Hengen和Hengen1978)喹啉一齐洗脱的化合物偶而被发现过,但尼古丁本身是常见的污染物。本文将叙述如

关键词：尼古丁化合物试剂内标乙醚

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金、煌斑岩和斑岩:金矿床的一种新的成因模式

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黄金科技动态 1990年第1期 13-18页

作者： N.m.S.Rock D.IGroves C.S.Perring 刘洪涛

中温热液金矿床及其“特殊源岩”对太古代中温热液金矿床的成因,目前流行两种不同的成因模式,但二者都存在不足之处。(1)岩浆模式(burrows et al,1986)认为,成矿流体和金均来自与金矿床有关的花岗岩/斑岩侵入体;然而,由于已作过分析的... 详细信息

中温热液金矿床及其“特殊源岩”对太古代中温热液金矿床的成因,目前流行两种不同的成因模式,但二者都存在不足之处。(1)岩浆模式(burrows et al,1986)认为,成矿流体和金均来自与金矿床有关的花岗岩/斑岩侵入体;然而,由于已作过分析的侵入岩体的金含量过低(mayer 和 Saager,1985),无法解释那些巨大规模的金矿床。(2)变质模式(Groves 和 Phillips,1987)

关键词：成因金矿矿床

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