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Characterizing the Relative Importance Assigned to Physical Variables by Climate Scientists when Assessing Atmospheric Climate model Fidelity

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第9期35卷 1101-1113页

作者： susannah m.burrows Aritra DASGUPTA Sarah REEHL Lisa BRAmER Po-Lun mA Philip J.RASCH Yun QIAN Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354USA

Evaluating a climate model＇s fidelity（ability to simulate observed climate） is a critical step in establishing confidence in the model＇s suitability for future climate projections, and in tuning climate model parameters. model developers use their judgement in determining which trade-offs between different aspects of model fidelity are acceptable. However, little is known about the degree of consensus in these evaluations, and whether experts use the same criteria when different scientific objectives are defined. Here, we report on results from a broad community survey studying expert assessments of the relative importance of different output variables when evaluating a global atmospheric model＇s mean climate. We find that experts adjust their ratings of variable importance in response to the scientific objective, for instance, scientists rate surface wind stress as significantly more important for Southern Ocean climate than for the water cycle in the Asian watershed. There is greater consensus on the importance of certain variables（e.g., shortwave cloud forcing） than others（e.g., aerosol optical depth）. We find few differences in expert consensus between respondents with greater or less climate modeling experience,and no statistically significant differences between the responses of climate model developers and users. The concise variable lists and community ratings reported here provide baseline descriptive data on current expert understanding of certain aspects of model evaluation, and can serve as a starting point for further investigation, as well as developing more sophisticated evaluation and scoring criteria with respect to specific scientific objectives.

关键词： climate climate model model evaluation numerical model skill expert elicitation

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Childhood sleep:assessments,risk factors,and potential mechanisms

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 105-121页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji Elizabeth Rovit susannah Pitt Terri Lipman School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 426Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA School of Nursing College of Health SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA

Background Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the *** this review,we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in *** biological,psychosocial,and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in Pubmed,SCOPUS,and Psych *** relevant data based and systematic reviews are *** This paper summarizes many risk factors for childhood sleep problems,including biological(e.g.,genetics,gender,age and puberty,prenatal factors,postnatal factors);nutritional(e.g.,macronutrients,micronutrients,omega-3 fatty acids,obesity);environmental(e.g.,heavy metals,noise,light,air pollution);interpersonal(e.g.,family,exposure to violence,screen media use,physical injury);and community/socioeconomic variables(e.g.,racial/ethnicity and cultural factors,neighborhood conditions and socioeconomic status,school factors,public health disasters/emergencies),to better understand the development of sleep problems in *** Poor childhood sleep is a multifactorial issue affected by a wide range of prenatal and early-life biological,environmental,and psychosocial risk factors and contributors.A better understanding of these risk factors and their mechanisms is an important first step to develop future research and prevention programs focusing on pediatric sleep problems.

关键词： Child sleep Pediatrics Risk factor mechanisms

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Childhood sleep:physical,cognitive,and behavioral consequences and implications

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 122-132页

作者： Jianghong Liu Xiaopeng Ji susannah Pitt Guanghai Wang Elizabeth Rovit Terri Lipman Fan Jiang School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania418 Curie Blvd.Room 424Claire M.Fagin HallPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA College of Health Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Geisinger Commonwealth School of medicine ScrantonPA 18510USA Pediatric Translational medicine Institute Department of Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Background Sleep problems in children have been increasingly recognized as a major public health *** research has extensively studied and presented many risk factors and potential mechanisms for children’s sleep *** this paper,we aimed to identify and summarize the consequences and implications of child sleep *** sources A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text,peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in Pubmed,SCOPUS,and Psych Info published in the past two *** relevant data-based articles and systematic reviews are *** many adverse consequences are associated with child sleep deficiency and other sleep problems,including physical outcomes(e.g.,obesity),neurocognitive outcomes(e.g.,memory and attention,intelligence,academic performance),and emotional and behavioral outcomes(e.g.,internalizing/externalizing behaviors,behavioral disorders).Current prevention and intervention approaches to address childhood sleep problems include nutrition,exercise,cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia,aromatherapy,acupressure,and *** interventions may be particularly important in the context of coronavirus disease *** research and policy strategies can target the risk factors of child sleep as well as the efficacy and accessibility of *** Given the increasing prevalence of child sleep problems,which have been shown to affect children’s physical and neurobehavioral wellbeing,understanding the multi-aspect consequences and intervention programs for childhood sleep is important to inform future research direction as well as a public health practice for sleep screening and intervention,thus improving sleep-related child development and health.

关键词： Behavior Child sleep Consequences Implications Neurocognitive Physical Prevention/intervention

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Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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Life metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey L.Egan Tina L.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.Latchman Lauren V.Terry Emma D.mcLennan Carolina Chavez Emma L.burrows John W.Scott Robyn m.murphy Henriette van Praag martin Whitham mark A.Febbraio monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Trobe Institute for molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

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Spatial and temporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in wombats using the citizen science tool,WomSAT

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 387-399页

作者： Sujatha mAYADUNNAGE Hayley Jade STANNARD Peter WEST Julie m.OLD School of Science Western Sydney UniversityHawkesburyNSWAustralia School of Agricultural Environmental and Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia Department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural InstituteOrangeNSWAustralia

There is currently limited information regarding the levels of infection and distribution of sarcoptic mange in the wombat population throughout *** analyzed cases of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats reported into WomSAT,a website and mobile phone application where citizen scientists can upload sightings of wombats,burrows,and sarcoptic mange *** used maxent software to predict locations and the environmental factors associated with sarcoptic mange occurrence in bare-nosed wombats.A total of 1379 sarcoptic mange-infected and 3043 non-sarcoptic mange-infected wombats were reported by 674 and 841 citizen scientists,*** all the wombats reported to WomSAT from 2015 to 2019,31.2%were infected with sarcoptic *** mange in bare-nosed wombats was reported in 502 suburbs across four *** South Wales had the highest number of sarcoptic mange cases reported to *** was no statistically significant seasonal variation of sarcoptic mange levels in bare-nosed *** model showed that Euclidean distance to urban areas was the highest contributing factor for sarcoptic mange *** distance to urban areas decreased,the suitability for sarcoptic mange *** precipitation was the next contributing factor in the model,with higher rainfall of 400–700 mm correlating to an increase in sarcoptic mange *** the data collected to date have provided the largest-scale contemporary distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats,data should continue to be collected by citizen scientists as it is an easy and low-cost method of collecting data over large *** suggest targeting the identified hotspot areas and more site-specific studies for studying and mitigating sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats.

关键词： bare-nosed wombats habitat suitability maxent modeling

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High resolution sequence stratigraphy of the mishrif Formation(Cenomanian-Early Turonian)at zubair oilfield(al-rafdhiah dome),southern Iraq

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 61-71页

作者： Aymen A.Lazim maher J.Ismail maher m.mahdi Geoscience Department Zubair Field Operation DivisionBasra Oil CompanyIraq Basrah Oil Company WQ1 FODBasrahIraq University of Basrah College of ScienceGeology Dept.BasrahIraq

The mishrif Formation(Cenomanian-E Turonian)is one of the most important geological formations in the middle East and Iraq because it contains enormous petroleum *** is considered to be the first reservoir in the region,and is still being studied because of its economic *** carbonate of the mishrif Formation derives from a variety of depositional settings,including mid-ramp,shoal,lagoon,and *** five main microfacies discussed in this paper are wackestone,packstone,grainstone,floatstone,and *** most frequent fossilised components found in the mishrif Formation are rudists,benthic foraminifera,echinoderms,burrows molluscs,and *** to the microfacies and analysed wireline log data,the sequence stratigraphy of the studied formation is composed of two regression *** parasequences of transgressive-regressive cycles make up the depositional sequence of the mishrif *** standard depositional environments seem to demonstrate a gradual regression,beginning with a short period of the outer ramp,then a steady period of the mid-ramp,and ending in the intertidal ***,the study recorded two regional maximum flooding surfaces:K-135 and *** former is present in the lowermost part of the formation,while the other lies in the *** study shows a close relationship between facies(environments)and hydrocarbon *** increased accumulation focuses on the lower part of the studied formation,and seems to be lower in the upper part of the formation as a result of changes in the environment of deposition.

关键词： mishrif formation Cenomanian Sequence stratigraphy Zubair oilfield Iraq

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Investigating missing sources of glyoxal over China using a regional air quality model (RAmS-CmAQ)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 108-118页

作者： Jialin Li meigen Zhang Guiqian Tang Fangkun Wu Leonardo m.A. Alvarado mihalis Vrekoussis Andreas Richter John P. burrows State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPQ) Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing IUP University of Bremen D-28203 Bremen Germany Center of marine Environmental Sciences MARUM University of Bremen D-28203 Bremen Germany Energy Environment and Water Research Center the Cyprus Institute CY2121 Nicosia Cyprus

Currently, modeling studies tend to significantly underestimate observed space-based glyoxal （CHOCHO） vertical column densities （VCDs）, implying the existence of missing sources of giyoxal. Several recent studies suggest that the emissions of aromatic compounds and molar yields of glyoxal in the chemical mechanisms may both be underestimated, which can affect the simulated glyoxal concentrations. In this study, the influences of these two factors on glyoxal amounts over China were investigated using the RAmS-CmAQ modeling system for January and July 2014. Four sensitivity simulations were performed, and the results were compared to satellite observations. These results demonstrated significant impacts on glyoxal concentrations from these two factors. In case 1, where the emissions of aromatic compounds were increased three-fold, improvements to glyoxal VCDs were seen in high anthropogenic emissions regions. In case 2, where molar yields of glyoxal from isoprene were increased five-fold, the resulted concentrations in July were B-B-fold higher, achieving closer agreement between the modeled and measured glyoxal VCDs. The combined changes from both cases 1 and 2 were applied in case B, and the model succeeded in further reducing the underestimations of glyoxal VCDs. However, the results over most of the regions with pronounced anthropogenic emissions were still underestimated. So the molar yields of giyoxal from anthropogenic precursors were considered in case 4. With these additional mole yield changes （a two-fold increase）, the improved concentrations agreed better with the measurements in regions of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River in January but not in July.

关键词： Glyoxal Volatile organic compounds molar yields RAmS-CmAQ China

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微软终于发起反击

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商业周刊（中文版） 2009年第5期 82-83页

作者：彼得·伯罗斯（Peter burrows）赵斌（译）

25年来，微软在个人电脑市场一直保持着无可置疑的霸主地位。但是去年，这个Windows操作系统的创始者开始让人“审美疲劳”，成为脆弱的领先者：在iPhone热潮及其标志性的电视广告“I＇m a mac（我是台苹果机）”的推动下，苹果公司在... 详细信息

25年来，微软在个人电脑市场一直保持着无可置疑的霸主地位。但是去年，这个Windows操作系统的创始者开始让人“审美疲劳”，成为脆弱的领先者：在iPhone热潮及其标志性的电视广告“I＇m a mac（我是台苹果机）”的推动下，苹果公司在个人电脑领域的市场份额正逼近两位数。与此同时，售价低于500美元且使用免费Linux操作系统的新一代上网本也呈腾飞之势。

关键词： Windows操作系统微软 Linux操作系统个人电脑市场 “审美疲劳” 苹果公司霸主地位市场份额

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综合发动机/无级变速器的动力系统的最佳工作点的设计和检测

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传动技术 2000年第3期13卷 36-44,5页

作者： C J Brace m.Deacon N D Vaughan R W Horrocks C R burrows 美国Bath大学工程设计系美国福特发动机公司

采用带有综合发动机控制装置的无级变速器对驾驶员要求的传动功率选择发动机工作点许可很大的自由度。该适应点最最重要的是探索适当的发动机工作点。探索理想的瞬时发动机工作点的技术已经开发 ,采用它把有害物排放的加权重减至最小 ,... 详细信息

采用带有综合发动机控制装置的无级变速器对驾驶员要求的传动功率选择发动机工作点许可很大的自由度。该适应点最最重要的是探索适当的发动机工作点。探索理想的瞬时发动机工作点的技术已经开发 ,采用它把有害物排放的加权重减至最小 ,采用人工神经网络预测燃油消耗。这种过程可以自动形成 ,采用动力传动系统的控制装置可以在整个工作时间内考虑变工况和环境条件允许回到最佳性能。采用废气涡轮增压和内冷直喷柴油机作为综合动力传动系中的原动机的结构已经实现。其结果表明该最佳装置发动机大范围变工况传动分别与排放和经济性有关。该优化规范十分紧密地结合于一个实际的动力传动系统的控制规划中。表明于手册指南中的试验工作已经证实该‘装置’近似于动力传动系统控制对许可的车辆的排放和经济性性能特制适合特殊要求的装置。

关键词：动力系统无级变速器废气排放柴油机神经网络

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macrobenthos monitoring in the Gulf of Suez,Egypt

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第2期27卷 55-80页

作者： mohamed m.El-Komi National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries

The biogeography of macrobenthic communities with large-scale differences in species distribution and abundance was studied along the eastern and western coastal regions of the Gulf of Suez to indicate biodiversity of benthos in relation to the prevailing environmental conditions. In general, benthos have a wide variety of species of mainly polychaet worms, crustaceans, bivalves, and other bottom invertebrates living in burrows in/or on the sediment surface. Coastal development clearly affects the ecosystem after the construction of coastal projects. The highest values of benthic diversity, evenness, richness and dominance are found at the Gulf of Suez （WG 1, WG 3）, Ras Gharib （WG 7, WG 8） and Ras Shukier （WG 9a） by contrast to others. The abundance of macrobenthic organsims along the coasts of Gulf of Suez can be arranged in the following sequence： other groups （34%） greater than crustaceans （25%） greater than polychaetes （22%） greater than molluscs （17%） greater than echinoderms （2%）. The biomass of benthic assemblages at different sampling sites can also be ranked as follows： echinoderms （52%） greater than molluscs （27%） greater than crustaceans （16%） greater than polychaetes （2%） greater than other groups （3%）. Some benthic groups or species indicated a distinctive correlation to pollution sources in the marine ecosystem which obviously increased in the coastal areas due to the extension of the coastal development. These activities needed regular information to establish database for the biology and distribution of marine benthic communities. The density and diversity of benthos are significantly affected by eutrophication at Ain Sukhna, whereas the benthos in the open Gulf of Suez do not seem to be adversely affected by pollution.

关键词： macrobenthos assessment impact Gulf of Suez

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