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Refractory Black Carbon Results and a Method Comparison between Solid-state Cutting and Continuous Melting Sampling of a West Antarctic Snow and Firn Core

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 545-554页

作者： Luciano MARQUeTTO susan KASPARI Jefferson Cardia SIMOeS emil BABIK Department of Geological Sciences Central Washington UniversityEllensburgWashington 98926USA Polar and Climatic Center Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRio Grande do Sul91509-900Brazil

This work presents the refractory black carbon(rBC)results of a snow and firn core drilled in West Antarctica(79°55'34.6"S,94°21'13.3"W)during the 2014?15 austral summer,collected by Brazilian researchers as part of the First Brazilian West Antarctic Ice Sheet *** core was drilled to a depth of 20 m,and we present the results of the first 8 m by comparing two subsampling methods—solid-state cutting and continuous melting—both with discrete *** core was analyzed at the Department of Geological Sciences,Central Washington University(CWU),WA,USA,using a single particle soot photometer(SP2)coupled to a CeTAC Marin-5 *** continuous melting system was recently assembled at CWU and these are its first *** also present experimental results regarding SP2 reproducibility,indicating that sample concentration has a greater influence than the analysis time on the reproducibility for low rBC concentrations,like those found in the Antarctic *** was carried out using mainly the rBC variation and sulfur,sodium and strontium as secondary parameters,giving the core 17 years(1998?2014).The data show a well-defined seasonality of rBC concentrations for these first meters,with geometric mean summer/fall concentrations of 0.016μg L^?1 and geometric mean winter/spring concentrations of 0.063μg L^?*** annual rBC concentration geometric mean was 0.029μg L^?1(the lowest of all rBC cores in Antarctica referenced in this work),while the annual rBC flux was 6.1μg m^?2 yr^?1(the lowest flux in West Antarctica records so far).

关键词： black carbon West Antarctica ice core single particle soot photometer

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Donor preoperative oxygen delivery and post-extubation hypoxia impact donation after circulatory death hypoxic cholangiopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3392-3403页

作者： Thomas J Chirichella C Michael Dunham Michael A Zimmerman elise M Phelan M susan Mandell Kendra D Conzen Stephen e Kelley Trevor L Nydam Thomas e Bak Igal Kam Michael e Wachs Department of Surgery Division of Transplant Surgery University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Trauma/Critical Care Services St. Elizabeth Health Center Youngstown OH 44501 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53226 United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Donor Alliance Organ Procurement Organization Denver CO 80045 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States

AIM: To evaluate donation after circulatory death (DCD) orthotopic liver transplant outcomes [hypoxic cholangiopathy (HC) and patient/graft survival] and donor ***: From 2003-2013, 45 DCD donor transplants were performed. Predonation physiologic data from UNOS DonorNet included preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, SpO2, PaO2, FiO2, and hemoglobin. Mean arterial blood pressure was computed from the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Donor preoperative arterial O2 content was computed as [hemoglobin (gm/dL) × 1.37 (mL O2/gm) × SpO2%) + (0.003 × PaO2)]. The amount of preoperative donor red blood cell transfusions given and vasopressor use during the intensive care unit stay were documented. Donors who were transfused ≥ 1 unit of red-cells or received ≥ 2 vasopressors in the preoperative period were categorized as the red-cell/multi-pressor group. Following withdrawal of life support, donor ischemia time was computed as the number-of-minutes from onset of diastolic blood pressure emia time was the number-of-minutes from onset of pulse oximetry e was (ischemia time + hypoxemia time) ÷ donor preoperative ***: The 1, 3, and 5 year graft and patient survival rates were 83%, 77%, 60%; and 92%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. HC occurred in 49% with 16% requiring retransplant. HC occurred in donors with increased age (33.0 ± 10.6 years vs 25.6 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.014), less preoperative multiple vasopressors or red-cell transfusion (9.5% vs 54.6%, P = 0.002), lower preoperative hemoglobin (10.7 ± 2.2 gm/dL vs 12.3 ± 2.1 gm/dL, P = 0.017), lower preoperative arterial oxygen content (14.8 ± 2.8 mL O2/100 mL blood vs 16.8 ± 3.3 m

关键词： Orthotopic liver transplantation Ischemic cholangiopathy Hypoxic cholangiopathy Donation after circulatory death Biliary complications Reperfusion injury

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The genetic basis of deafness in populations of African descent

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第6期44卷 285-294页

作者： Jason R.Rudman Rosemary I.Kabahuma Sara e.Bressler Yong Feng susan H.Blanton Denise Yan Xue-Zhong Liu Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology Steve Biko Academic HospitalUniversity of Pretoria Department of Otolaryngology Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Dr. John T.Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine John P.Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disorder worldwide and is associated with more than1000 mutations in more than 90 genes. While mutations in genes such as GJB2(gap-junction protein β 2)and GJB6(gap-junction protein β 6) are highly prevalent in Caucasian, Asian, and Middle eastern populations, they are rare in both native African populations and those of African descent. The objective of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and genetics of hearing loss in African populations with a focus on native sub-Saharan African populations. environmental etiologies related to poor access to healthcare and perinatal care account for the majority of cases. Syndromic etiologies including Waardenburg, Pendred and Usher syndromes are uncommon causes of hearing loss in these populations. Of the non-syndromic causes, common mutations in GJB2 and GJB6 are rarely implicated in populations of African descent. Recent use of next-generation sequencing(NGS) has identified several candidate deafness genes in African populations from Nigeria and South Africa that are unique when compared to common causative mutations worldwide. Researchers also recently described a dominant mutation in MYO3α in an African American family with non-syndromic hearing loss. The use of NGS and specialized panels will aid in identifying rare and novel mutations in a more cost-and timeeffective manner. The identification of common hearing loss mutations in indigenous African populations will pave the way for translation into genetic deafness research in populations of African descent worldwide.

关键词： Genetic Hearing loss Deafness African

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中国的婚居模式与生育行为

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人口研究 2007年第2期31卷 49-59页

作者：杨菊华 susan e.Short 中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心布朗大学社会学系

本文使用1993、1997和2000年“中国健康与营养调查”纵向追踪数据,探讨在社会转型、经济转轨、人口转变的社会环境下,婚姻居住模式或家庭结构与生育行为之间的关系。运用事件史分析技术(event history analysis),采用离散时间事件模型(d... 详细信息

本文使用1993、1997和2000年“中国健康与营养调查”纵向追踪数据,探讨在社会转型、经济转轨、人口转变的社会环境下,婚姻居住模式或家庭结构与生育行为之间的关系。运用事件史分析技术(event history analysis),采用离散时间事件模型(discrete time hazard model),我们发现,居住模式影响妇女的生育行为,但其影响因孩次和居住制度而异:对二孩递进的作用大于对一孩递进的影响;从妻居对生育行为的影响不同于从夫居。家庭结构与生育行为的关系反映了代际之间的互动和影响,也反映了不同居住制度下妇女在家庭、家族中的地位和家庭权力结构关系。

关键词：家庭结构婚居模式生育行为

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Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Implications for the perioperative management of liver transplant patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 507-520页

作者： Suehana Rahman susan V Mallett Department of Anaesthesia Royal Free London NHS Trust

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a disease that has only recently been recognised as a definitive clinical entity. In the setting of liver cirrhosis, it is characterized by a blunted inotropic and chronotropic response t o s t r e s s, i m p a i r e d d i a s t o l i c r e l a x a t i o n o f t h e myocardium and prolongation of the QT interval in the absence of other known cardiac disease. A key pathological feature is the persistent over-activation of the sympathetic nervous system in cirrhosis, which leads to down-regulation and dysfunction of theβ-adrenergic receptor. Diagnosis can be made using a combination of echocardiography(resting and stress), tissue Doppler imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 12-lead electrocardiogram and measurement of biomarkers. There are significant implications of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in a number of clinical situations in which there is an increased physiological demand, which can lead to acute cardiac decompensation and heart failure. Prior to transplantation there is an increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome, cardiac failure following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion and increased risk of arrhythmias during acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Liver transplantation presents the greatest physiological challenge with a further risk of acute cardiac decompensation. Peri-operative management should involve appropriate choice of graft and minimization of large fluctuations in preload and afterload. The avoidance of cardiac failure during this period has important prognostic implications, as there is evidence to suggest a long-term resolution of the abnormalities in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

关键词： Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy Liver transplantation Diastolic dysfunction electrophysiological abnormalities Perioperative care

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Genome mapping of postzygotic hybrid necrosis in an interspecific pear population

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 326-337页

作者： Sara Montanari Lester Brewer Robert Lamberts Riccardo Velasco Mickael Malnoy Laure Perchepied Philippe Guérif Charles-eric Durel Vincent G M Bus susan e.gardiner David Chagné Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund MachVia Mach 1San Michele all’Adige38010TNItaly The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Palmerston North Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences-UMR1345 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA)SFR 4207 Quasav42 rue Georges MorelBeaucouzéF-49071France The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Motueka Research CentreMotuekaNew Zealand Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences-UMR1345 Universitéd’AngersAngersF-49045France The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock NorthNew Zealand

Deleterious epistatic interactions in plant inter-and intraspecific hybrids can cause a phenomenon known as hybrid necrosis,characterized by a typical seedling phenotype whose main distinguishing features are dwarfism,tissue necrosis and in some cases *** of the chromosome regions associated with this type of incompatibility is important not only to increase our understanding of the evolutionary diversification that led to speciation but also for breeding *** of molecular markers linked to the lethal genes will allow breeders to avoid incompatible inbred combinations that could affect the expression of important agronomic tratis co-segregating with these *** hybrid necrosis has been reported in several plant taxa,including Rosaceae species,this phenomenon has not been described previously in *** the interspecific pear population resulting from a cross between PeAR3(Pyrus bretschneideri×Pyrus communis)and‘Moonglow’(***),we observed two types of hybrid necrosis,expressed at different stages of plant *** a combination of previously mapped and newly developed genetic markers,we identified three chromosome regions associated with these two types of lethality,which were genetically *** type resulted from a negative epistatic interaction between a locus on linkage group 5(LG5)of PeAR3 and a locus on LG1 of‘Moonglow’,while the second type was due to a gene that maps to LG2 of PeAR3 and which either acts alone or more probably interacts with another gene of unknown location inherited from‘Moonglow’.

关键词： breeding seedling dwarf

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eCOLOGICAL STUDIeS OF GRACILARIA ASIATIC A AND GRACILARIA LeMANeIFORMIS IN ZHANSHAN BAY, QINGDAO

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1988年第1期6卷 22-34页

作者： susan H. Brawley,费修绠 Department of General Biology Vanderbilt University U.S.A Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao

Natural populations of G. asialica Zhang & Xia and G. lemaneiformis (Bory) Weber van Bosse were studied during 1984 and 1986 in Zhanshan Bay, Qingdao (36°4′N,120°21′e). Rapid growth (length, weight) of these plants occurred between mid-May and late June (water temperatures, 15-20℃). The major epiphyte of C, asialica was enteromorpha litiza, while Punclaria latifolia was the major epiphyte of G. lemaneiformis. epiphytism declined throughout early summer, and epiphytes were rare after mid-July (1984); they did not reappear in late summer, although macrophyte growth declined abruptly after early July. Populations of G. asiatica varied during late spring-early summer between adjacent sandy and rocky portions of the intertidal zone; plants at the sandy site were larger and epiphyte-free. Amphipod densities were low on both species of Gracilaria, but the most abundant species were Ampithoe lacertosa, Caprella equilibra, C. kroyeri, C. scaura and Pontogeneia rostrata. Additional information on general com

关键词： Bay QINGDAO eCOLOGICAL STUDIeS OF GRACILARIA ASIATIC A AND GRACILARIA LeMANeIFORMIS IN ZHANSHAN BAY

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The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 173-182页

作者： Clara H.Jeong edward J.Machek Morteza Shakeri Stephen e.Duirk Thomas A.Ternes susan D.Richardson elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa Molecular and environmental Toxicology Center School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Department of Civil engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA Department of Water Chemistry Federal Institute of Hydrology Koblenz Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media（ICM） in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products（DBPs）. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ICM in source waters and the type of disinfectant on the overall toxicity of DBP mixtures and to determine which ICM and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. Source waters collected from Akron,OH were treated with five different ICMs, including iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol,diatrizoate and iomeprol, with or without chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The reaction product mixtures were concentrated with XAD resins and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the reaction mixture concentrates was measured. Water containing iopamidol generated an enhanced level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after disinfection. While chlorine disinfection with iopamidol resulted in the highest cytotoxicity overall, the relative iopamidol-mediated increase in toxicity was greater when chloramine was used as the disinfectant compared with chlorine. Four other ICMs（iopromide, iohexol, diatrizoate, and iomeprol） expressed some cytotoxicity over the control without any disinfection, and induced higher cytotoxicity when chlorinated. Only iohexol enhanced genotoxicity compared to the chlorinated source water.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Iodo-DBPs Iodinated X-ray contrast media

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Huanglongbing:An overview of a complex pathosystem ravaging the world's citrus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 373-387页

作者： John V.da Graca Greg W.Douhan susan e.Halbert Manjunath L.Keremane Richard F.Lee Georgios Vidalakis Hongwei Zhao Texas A&M University--Kingsville Citrus Center WeslacoTexas 78599USA Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology University of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia 92521USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant IndustryP.O.Box 147100GainesvilleFlorida 32614USA USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates RiversideCalifornia 92507USA College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Citrus huanglongbing（HLB） has become a major disease and limiting factor of production in citrus areas that have become infected. The destruction to the affected citrus industries has resulted in a tremendous increase to support research that in return has resulted in significant information on both applied and basic knowledge concerning this important disease to the global citrus industry. Recent research indicates the relationship between citrus and the causal agent of HLB is shaped by multiple elements, in which host defense responses may also play an important role. This review is intended to provide an overview of the importance of HLB to a wider audience of plant biologists. Recent advances on host-pathogen interactions, population genetics and vectoring of the causal agent are discussed.

关键词： Citrus greening Diaphorina citri host response Huanglongbing(HLB) psyllid vectors

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Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 204-214页

作者： Nana Osei B.Ackerson Alexis H.Killinger Hannah K.Liberatore Thomas A.Ternes Michael J.Plewa susan D.Richardson Stephen e.Duirk Department of Civil engineering University of Akron Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Department of Crop Sciences and Safe Global Water Institute and NSF Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Chloramines,in practice,are formed onsite by adding ammonia to chlorinated drinking water to achieve the required *** regulated disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are reduced during chloramine disinfection,other DBPs such as iodinated(iodo-)DBPs,that elicit greater toxicity are *** objective of this study was to investigate the impact of prechlorination time on the formation of both halogen-specific total organic halogen(TOX)and iodo/chlorinated(chloro-)DBPs during prechlorination/chloramination in source waters(SWs)containing iopamidol,an X-ray contrast *** SW(BSW)and Cleveland SW(CSW)containing iopamidol were prechlorinated for 5–60 min and afterwards chloraminated for 72 hr with ammonium *** contact time(CCT)did not significantly impact total organic iodine(TOI)concentrations after prechlorination or *** of total organic chlorine(TOCl)formed during prechlorination did not significantly change regardless of pH and prechlorination time,whileTOClappearedtodecreaseafter 72 ***(CHCl_2I)formation during prechlorination did not exhibit any significant trends as a function of p H or CCT,but after chloramination,significant increases were observed at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 with respect to ***-HAAs were not formed during prechlorination but were detected after *** quantities of chloroform(CHCl_3)and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)were formed during prechlorination but formation ceased upon ammonia ***,prechlorination studies should measure TOX and DBP concentrations prior to ammonia addition to obtain data regarding the initial conditions.

关键词： Prechlorinaton Iopamidol Monochloramine Disinfection byproducts(DBPs) Total organic chlorine(TOCl) Total organic iodine(TOI)

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