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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security： an AUSRIVAS case study

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 669-687页

作者： susan J. NICHOLS Fiona J. DYER Institute for Applied Ecology and MDBfutures CRN University of Canberra Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and econo- mies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consump- tion. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering require- ments of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System （AUSRIVAS） as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security biological assessment river health

Biased activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase:the Janus face of thymoquinone

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第4期7卷 401-408页

作者： Charlotte Detremmerie Paul M.Vanhoutte susan Leung Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The natural compound thymoquinone, extracted from Nigella sativa(black cumin), is widely used in humans for its anti-oxidative properties. Thymoquinone is known for its acute endotheliumindependent vasodilator effects in isolated rat aortae and pulmonary arteries, depending in part on activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channels. The compound also improves endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries of ageing rodents and in aortae of rabbits treated with pyrogallol, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Serendipitously,thymoquinone was found to augment contractions in isolated arteries with endothelium of both rats and pigs. The endothelium-dependent augmentation it causes counterintuitively depends on biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase(sGC) producing inosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(cyclic IMP) rather than guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. This phenomenon shows a striking mechanistic similarity to the hypoxic augmentation previously observed in porcine coronary arteries. The cyclic IMP preferentially produced under thymoquinone exposure causes an increased contractility of arterial smooth muscle by interfering with calcium homeostasis. This brief review summarizes the vascular pharmacology of thymoquinone, focussing in particular on how the compound causes endothelium-dependent contractions by biasing the activity of sGC.

关键词： Thymoquinone Endothelium-dependentcontraction Nitric oxide Soluble guanylyl cyclase Cyclic IMP NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase

URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND URBAN FORM METRICS

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Journal of Green Building 2012年第2期7卷 44-63页

作者： susan Spencer Lewin CS&P Architects

INTRODUCTION A significant milestone was recently passed,with the majority of humankind now living in *** the first time in the history of our species,the immediate human environment will primarily be the built *** urbanization does not change the fact,however,that human beings ultimately remain dependent on the *** and their growth will necessarily become major drivers of environmental and ecological change,and global sustainable development will therefore be inextricably tied to the development of *** a global term,‘sustainability’attempts to balance myriad social,economic,and environmental factors,and is so complex in its application that a simple directive is useful to condense the *** Wheeler succinctly describes it,sustainable urban development‘improves the long term social and ecological health of cities and towns.’1 As cities are the major consumers of natural resources and the major producers of pollution and waste,it follows that if they can be designed and managed so that resource use and pollution are reduced,a major contribution to the solution of the global problem can be achieved.2 Urban areas will always be net consumers of resources,and major degraders of the environment,however,it may be possible to move toward a greater degree of *** question that this paper will address is whether the spatial built form of a city can affect its sustainability,what this relationship may entail,and what metrics might exist to help guide the growth of *** points of view will be explored,illustrating the lack of consensus that exists on certain‘truths.’The relative sustainability of,for example,high and low urban densities is still *** urban forms may appear to be more sustainable in some respects,for example in reducing travel,but detrimental in others,perhaps in harming the environment or producing social *** forms may be sustainable in a local sense,but

关键词： urban sustainability LEED-ND smart growth new urbanism

REGENERATIVE URBAN COMMUNITY DESIGN

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第2期8卷 27-43页

作者： susan Spencer Lewin Sustainable Strategies at CS&P Architects Inc

INTRODUCTION Global sustainable development is inextricably tied to the development of cities,as accelerating growth in urban populations becomes a major driver of social,environmental and ecological *** are major consumers of natural resources and producers of pollution and *** solutions that can reduce urban environmental impacts,as well as increase urban quality of life,are urgently *** to ensure that rampant growth in urban communities follows a regenerative and sustainable path therefore becomes a critical and increasingly relevant question.

关键词： LEED ND urban sustainability metrics community design urban design urban regeneration sustainable redevelopment LEED Gold secondary school high performance school buildings LEED Gold multi-unit residential

Social distance integrated gravity model for evacuation destination choice

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第8期14卷 1004-1018页

作者： Yuqin Jiang Zhenlong Li susan L.Cutter Geoinformation and Big Data Research Laboratory Department of GeographyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute Department of GeographyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA

Evacuation is an effective and commonly taken strategy to minimize death and injuries from an incoming *** decades,interdisciplinary research has contributed to a better understanding of evacuation *** destination choice modeling is an essential step for hurricane evacuation transportation *** factors are identified associated with evacuation destination choices,in which long-term social factors have been found essential,yet neglected,in most studies due to difficulty in data *** study utilized long-term human movement records retrieved from Twitter to(1)reinforce the importance of social factors in evacuation destination choices,(2)quantify individual-level familiarity measurement and its relationship with an individual’s destination choice,(3)develop a big data approach for aggregated county-level social distance measurement,and(4)demonstrate how gravity models can be improved by including both social distance and physical distance for evacuation destination choice modeling.

关键词： Big data disaster management evacuation social media social distance

Safe acupuncture and dry needling during pregnancy:New Zealand physiotherapists' opinion and practice

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 30-37页

作者： Jillian Marie McDowell susan Heather Kohut Debra Betts Prohealth Physiotherapy School of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Auckland University of Technology New Zealand School of Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: Acupuncture guidelines have advised caution when treating women during pregnancy,because historical ‘‘forbidden" acupuncture points are believed to stimulate miscarriage or early *** recent research demonstrating that acupuncture is a useful and safe treatment tool for pregnancy-related low-back pain(LBP) and pelvic girdle pain(PGP), it is postulated that fear of miscarriage and subsequent blame by association, restricts its provision. More recently, an increase in dry needling(DN) courses for physiotherapists has potentiated the rapid growth in DN practice in New Zealand(NZ). Many dry needlers do not consider DN to be a form of acupuncture; it is unknown if they have similar safety ***: NZ registered physiotherapists practicing acupuncture and/or DN were invited to participate in an electronic survey to examine their practice and level of understanding in regard to safe needling during ***: Of 124 respondents, only 60(48%) would needle pregnant women, with a further 66% of those still expressing safety concerns. NZ physiotherapists practicing DN only, were more likely to needle areas related to ‘‘forbidden" points in all trimesters. However, overall, NZ physiotherapists were less likely to needle ‘‘forbidden" points than their UK ***: Conflicting literature and a ‘‘fear of blame" influences NZ physiotherapists' decisions to offer needling(both acupuncture and DN) during pregnancy. Further training in this field is recommended to ensure safe practice and adequate provision of acupuncture treatment options for pregnant women suffering musculoskeletal pain, such as LBP and PGP. Further research, particularly into DN, for women during pregnancy, is warranted.

关键词： Physiotherapy Acupuncture Dry needling Safety Pregnancy Trigger point therapy

Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-streaming video demonstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： Lauren M.GUILLETTE susan D.HEALY School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

Determining the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool manufacture,could be improved if more experimental control could be gained over the exact public information that is provided by the demonstrator,to the observing *** video playback allows the experimenter to choose what information is provided but will only be useful in determining the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from,videos in a manner that is similar to live *** goal of the current experiment was to test whether live-streamed video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the material choice demonstrated to ***,males that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between materials of 2 *** observers then watched live-stream footage of a familiar demonstrator building a nest with material of the color that the observer did not *** this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with materials of the 2 *** two-thirds of the observer males preferred material of the demonstrated color after viewing the demonstrator build a nest with material of that color more than they had previously,their preference for the demonstrated material was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live demonstrator builders in a previous *** results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video demonstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

Initial impacts of rain gardens＇ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer： field-scale experiment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 127-138页

作者： Isam Alyaseri Jianpeng Zhou susan M. Morgan Andrew Bartlett Department of Civil Engineering Al-Muthanna University Alsamawah Al-Muthanna 72001 Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Graduate School Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benetit onsite reduction ot stormwater runott, leading to reduced combined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the impact of rain gardens on the water quality and volume reduction of storm runoff from urban streets in a combined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. The impact was assessed through a comparison between the pre-construction （2011/2012） and the post-construction （2014） phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of mercury was lower than the detection level in both phases. E. coli was the only parameter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in monitored water quality parameters is that the post-construction sampling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from soil erosion and wash-out from the mulch. However, the levels of most of water quality parameters decreased in the following time period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volume reduction of stormwater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of measured flows resulted from low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens Bioretention Combined sewer Stormwater quality and quantity

Conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS coated Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles as the anode for sodium-ion battery applications

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2022年第2期16卷 143-152页

作者： Kevin VARGHESE Dona susan BAJI Shantikumar NAIR Dhamodaran SANTHANAGOPALAN Centre for Nanosciences Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamPonekkaraKochi 682041India

Metal oxides are considered as potential anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Nevertheless,they suffer from poor cycling and rate ***,we investigate conductive polymer coating on Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles varying with different percentages.X-ray diffraction,electron microscopy and surface chemical analysis were adopted to analyze coated and uncoated Co_(3)O_(4)*** polymer,poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS),has been utilized for *** specific capacity and rate capability for an optimal coating of 0.5 wt.%were *** 0.5 wt.%coated sample outperformed the uncoated one in terms of capacity,rate capability and coulombic *** delivered a reversible capacity of 561 mAh·g^(−1)at 100 mA·g^(−1)and maintained a capacity of 318 mAh·g^(−1)at a high rate of 1 A·g^(−1).Increasing the PEDOT:PSS coating percentage led to lower performance due to the thicker coating induced kinetic ***-situ analysis of the 0.5 wt.%coated sample after 100 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1)was characterized for performance *** a simple,cost-effective and wet-chemical approach has not been employed before for Co_(3)O_(4)as the SIB anode.

关键词： Co_(3)O_(4) sodium-ion battery anode conducting polymer surface coating