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A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Safety and Toxicity of Medicinal Plants

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第1期4卷 95-111页

作者： Madhav Nilakanth Mugale Kapil Dev Bhumika S.More Vaishali sunil Mishra Kaveri R.Washimkar Kishan Singh Rakesh Maurya Srikanta Kumar Rath Debprasad Chattopadhyay Naibedya Chattopadhyay Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute(CSIR-CDRI)Lucknow 226031India Division of Phytochemistry CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(CSIR-CIMAP)Lucknow 226015India Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-CDRI Lucknow 226031India Division of Endocrinology CSIR-CDRI Lucknow 226031India Division of Ethnomedicine ICMR-National Institute of Traditional MedicineNehru NagarBelagavi 590010and ICMR-Virus UnitKolkata 700010India Department of Health Research NSHM Knowledge CampusKolkata 700051India

Background:Globally,80%people use plant-derived products for treating or preventing *** prevalent perception about medicinal plants is that they are safe and devoid of adverse ***,approximately 1,50,000 plants contain toxic ***:The present review focuses on medicinal plant extracts/fractions toxicity assessments made in preclin-ical models by oral ***:Detail studies were searched from databases including PubMed and Google Scholar.A manual reference screening of the selected studies was done to identify relevant articles,with no language restriction being imposed at the time of ***:The studies included were performed in rodents,and the test substances were administered *** search revealed 33 widely used plants or products with significant toxicity,and phytochemicals from these plants have been *** a systematic review,we identified a plethora of medicinal plant extracts reporting safety and toxicity ***:In the future,preclinical toxicokinetic studies of herbs and the determination of their no-observed-adverse-effect levels are required for a complete safety ***,the interaction of herbs with com-monly used/over-the-counter drugs in terms of the latter’s metabolic profile should be undertaken.

关键词： Extract Herbal medicine Toxicity Rodent Secondary metabolite

A Transition from Wood Fuel to LPG and Its Impact on Energy Conservation and Health in the Central Himalayas, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第5期10卷 898-912页

作者： sunil NAUTIYAL Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources CEENR) Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impacts of the transition from wood fuel to Liquefied Petroleum Gas （LPG） from energy use and health perspectives along an altitudinal gradient （viz., lower altitude; middle altitude; and higher altitude） of the Central Himalayas. Empirical field study and questionnaire based survey was conducted for obtaining the data. A total of 2o households from each altitude were selected for obtaining reliable information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed. Of the 2o households, five households each based on the family size i.e., small families （〈4 members）, medium （5-8 members） and large （〉9 members） from all the altitudinal regions were selected. This was followed by an administration of a questionnaire on the quantity of fuelwood consumed. After the completion of the questionnaire survey, the data was validated using a weighted survey for the randomly selected households for obtaining precise information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed. Energy analysis is done with respect to the time spent on fuelwood collection and energy value of burning of per kg of fuelwood. Study indicates that declining biomass requirement from forests contributes significantly towards energy conservation, also has positive impact on human health. Per capita annual energy expenditure on collection of fuelwood is 752 MJ which is higher than any other activity in villages of Central Himalaya. The LPG substitution has contributed to energy saving which is equivalent to 2976-3,742 MJ per capita per year in middle and lower altitudes respectively. In the higher altitude the energy saving is calculated to be about 257 MJ per capita per year. Replacing fuelwood with LPG has made positive impact on society in terms of improving the health while reducing diseases that are caused due to indoor air pollution.

关键词： Himalaya Energy Conservation Fuelwood and LPG Transition Health Indoor AirPollution Social, Ecological and Environmentaldevelopment

Microbial extraction of nickel from chromite overburdens in the presence of surfactant

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2012年第11期22卷 2840-2845页

作者： sunil Kumar BEHERA Lala Behari SUKLA CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology

The effect of surfactant polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate （Tween-20） on the nickel bioleaching from pre-treated chromite overburden （COB）, Sukinda with fungal strain Aspergillus niger, was examined in shake flasks. Along with the nickel recovery from COB by the fungal bioleaching, the effect of surfactant on the growth of the A. niger was also investigated. Results show that the addition of surfactant in low concentration was favorable for the recovery of nickel from pre-treated COB. Normally, the carbon source （sucrose） in the culture medium was utilized by the A. niger for its cellular metabolism and organic metabolites （bio acids） were produced, which were responsible for the bioleaching of minerals. However, the addition of surfactant （Tween-20） accelerated the rate of sucrose consumption by the fungi, and thus enhancing the extraction of nickel from pre-treated COB. During the study, around 39% nickel extraction was achieved in A. niger mediated bioleaching performed at 2% pulp density of pre-treated COB at 30 °C, in the presence of surfactant whereas only 24% nickel was extracted without surfactant.

关键词： nickel surfactant Tween-20 chromite overburden Aspergillus niger microbial extraction bioleaching cellularmetabolism organic metabolite

Machine vision for drill string slip status detection

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Petroleum Research 2022年第1期7卷 115-122页

作者： sunil Kumar Khare Dept.of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradunUK248007India

Slip status of drill string is system generated binary value computed by comparison of sensor generated real time hook load value with a minimum threshold value of hook load stored in measurement *** research article describes a novel method of slip status detection by machine vision technology which helps overcome the constraints of slip status detection with legacy measurement *** also helps improve the real time drilling data quality and optimize and automate drilling operations.A method to detect drill string slip status with high-resolution digital camera installed on mast near rig floor is described along with backend vision processing and communication modules,which generate binary values of slip *** binary values are transferred in real time to drilling measurement system of rig to compute other drilling parameters like bit depth,hole depth and stand *** method includes deploying active optical sensors at the rig floor,obtaining 1-D,2-D,or 3D image data,and processing it to obtain the status of drill *** measurement of slip status by machine vision helps reduce non-productive time(NPT)by reliable real time surveillance of drilling operations.

关键词： Oil and gas Machine vision Camera Slip-status Rig Drilling Rotary table NPT Drilling fluid Drill pipe

Analysis of Input Impedance of Asymmetrically Loaded Annular Ring Antenna

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2011年第3期3卷 90-93页

作者： Madhurika mahajan Tapas Chakarvarty sunil Kumar Khah Department of Physics Chitkara University Department of Physics Jaypee University of Information Technology EIS-MD & P Tata Consultancy Services Salt Lake Electronics Complex

In this communication the numerical modelling for input impedance of an annular ring antenna is done. The cavity model is used for the analysis and the post is loaded asymmetrically at a point from the centre of the ring. The numeri-cal model formed is verified with the results of IE3D model based on method of moments. The loading of antenna can be used to design broadband antennas by enhancing the bandwidth of antennas.

关键词： Loaded Microstrip Antenna Cavity Model Feed Point Input Impedance Return Loss

First Total Synthesis and Biological Potential of a Heptacyclopeptide of Plant Origin

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2016年第11期34卷 1158-1164页

作者： Rajiv Dahiya sunil Singh Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medical Sciences The University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad & Tobago West Indies Research Scholar Department of Pharmacy Mewar University Gangrar Chittorgarh Rajasthan India

Synthesis of a natural glycine-rich heptacyclopeptide mahafacyclin A （7） was accomplished by solution-phase technique of peptide synthesis via coupling of tetrapeptide unit Boc-L-Thr-L-Ile-L-Leu-Gly-OH with tripeptide unit L-Val-L-Phe-Gly-OMe followed by cyclization of linear heptapeptide fragment. Structure of the newly synthesized cyclopolypeptide was confirmed by means of chemical, spectroscopic analyses and subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity studies. Bioactivity results showed potent antifungal and anthelmintic activities of the synthesized peptide against dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes, M. audouinii and earthworm species M. kon-kanensis, P. corethruses and E. eugeniea.

关键词： Jatropha mahafalensis peptide synthesis cyclopolypeptide natural product pharmacological activity

Conditioning and PPP processing of smartphone GNSS measurements in realistic environments

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Satellite Navigation 2021年第1期2卷 141-157页

作者： Ganga Shinghal sunil Bisnath Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering Lassonde School of EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoCanada

Smartphones typically compute position using duty-cycled Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) L1 code measurements and Single Point Positioning (SPP) processing with the aid of cellular and other measurements. This internal positioning solution has an accuracy of several tens to hundreds of meters in realistic environments (hand-held, vehicle dashboard, suburban, urban forested, etc.). With the advent of multi-constellation, dual-frequency GNSS chips in smartphones, along with the ability to extract raw code and carrier-phase measurements, it is possible to use Precise Point Positioning (PPP) to improve positioning without any additional equipment. This research analyses GNSS measurement quality parameters from a Xiaomi MI 8 dual-frequency smartphone in varied, realistic environments. In such environments, the system suffers from frequent phase loss-of-lock leading to data gaps. The smartphone measurements have low and irregular carrier-to-noise (C/N0) density ratio and high multipath, which leads to poor or no positioning solution. These problems are addressed by implementing a prediction technique for data gaps and a C/N0-based stochastic model for assigning realistic a priori weights to the observables in the PPP processing engine. Using these conditioning techniques, there is a 64% decrease in the horizontal positioning Root Mean Square (RMS) error and 100% positioning solution availability in sub-urban environments tested. The horizontal and 3D RMS were 20 cm and 30 cm respectively in a static open-sky environment and the horizontal RMS for the realistic kinematic scenario was 7 m with the phone on the dashboard of the car, using the SwiftNav Piksi Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) solu-tion as reference. The PPP solution, computed using the YorkU PPP engine, also had a 5-10% percentage point more availability than the RTK solution, computed using RTKLIB software, since missing measurements in the logged file cause epoch rejection and a non-continuous solution, a

关键词： PPP Smartphone Realistic environment Prediction C/N0-based stochastic modeling Internal phone solution Positioning solution comparison

Process forces and heat input as function of process parameters in AA5083 friction stir welds

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2012年第2期22卷 288-298页

作者： Rajneesh KUMAR Kanwer SINGH sunil PANDEY Engineering Division National Metallurgical LaboratoryJamshedpur 831007India Mechanical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology DelhiDelhi 110016India

AA5083 friction stir welds were produced using systematic experimental design, the process forces and heat input with varying parameters were studied. Helpful empirical models were developed in designing friction stir welding （FSW） tools and FSW welders. These models may be further helpful for making process parameter choice for this sort of alloy, defining welding program and control of process parameters by using computer numerical control friction stir welding welders. The results show that tool rotational speed, welding speed and tool shoulder diameter are most significant parameters affecting axial force and heat input, while longitudinal force is significantly affected by welding speed and probe diameter.

关键词： friction stir welding AA 5083 tool design heat input process forces process parameters

Advancement in biogas production from the solid waste by optimizing the anaerobic digestion

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第2期2卷 85-103页

作者： sunil Kumar Srivastava Department of Environmental Science/Chemistry Jaypee University of Engineering and TechnologyRaghogarhGunaMP 473226India

The crisis of fossil fuel and their negative impact on the environment has caused concern among the scientific communities leading them to look around for renewable sources of *** review has emphasized the efficient utilization of organic municipal solid waste as well as agriculture waste in an anaerobic digester for the production of biogas as a sustainable renewable *** advances in biogas production along with previous research work have been discussed to offer a comprehensive synopsis of the accumulated *** review also elucidates about the design of an anaerobic digester,the prospect of anaerobic digestion and opportunity in new advances in *** is one of the most accepted sustainable renewable *** characterization,elimination of contaminants,pretreatment,anaerobic diges-tion in optimum condition and utilization of energy crops enhanced the efficiency of an anaerobic *** of segregated organic solid waste increased its putrescibility and further biogas *** optimized parameters in this review were pH,temperature,loading rate,C/N ratio and solid/liquid ratio of the *** flow rate of the feedstock was optimized according to the available volume of the digester,residence time and the characteristics of the *** design of an anaerobic digester should be preferably cylindrical in shape,with a diameter ranging from 6 to 40 m,the depth ranging from 7.5 to 15 m and the conical floor having a slope around 15%.A comprehensive reform in technical,economic,and social policies is essential to accomplish a sustainable energy system considering biogas as a future renewable *** flowsheet of the biogas and methanol production has been given in Fig.1.

关键词： Renewable energy Anaerobic digestion Biomass Biogas Energy crops Solid waste