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Common Methods of Contraception Used at Monkey Bay Community Hospital in Mangochi District, Malawi

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第1期11卷 13-20页

作者： David S. Chung Peter S. Park Sohyun Jeon Sue Min Shin Ji Woo Han Chaieun Lee Andrew Mun William Mun Yun Jae Shin Lorie kim Jairos B. Makangano Fatsani Manase Thomas Nyirenda School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Youth with Talents Fairfax VA USA Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Clinical Research Education and Management Service Lilongwe Malawi

To determine commonly used methods of contraception at Monkey Bay Community hospital, to compare different methods of contraception used by people of various age groups, parity, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Marital status, a clinical audit of family planning methods used by clients at Monkey Community hospital from January 2018 to june 2019 was done. Data was collected from the registers. A total number of 1734 clients reported at family planning clinic of Monkey-Bay Community Hospital between January 2018 and june 2019. All the clients were females. Most of these clients were in the age range of 15 - 34 years (83.33%). There were 1,486 (87%) HIV negative clients, 208 (12%) HIV positive clients and 24 (1%) had unknown HIV status. Most clients had a parity of 1 - 2 (905, 52.71%) followed by 3 - 4 (540, 31.45%) and 5 or plus (272, 15.84%). There were more married people (1641, 97.23%) than unmarried ones (46, 2.73%). There was only one person who was divorced (1, 0.05%). Education status was not recorded. The five commonly used contraceptive methods were: Intramuscular (IM) injectable Depo-IM (1366, 79.51%), Jadelle (122, 7.10%), Subcutaneous (SC) injectable Depo-SC (65, 3.78%), Combined Oral Contraceptives (COC) (60, 3.49%) and Implanon (40, 2.33%). None of the clients was used female condoms as a method of contraception. The contraceptive use was common between the age group of 15 - 24 (707, 44.92%) and 25 - 34 (709, 45%). Depo-IM was most used in age group 25 - 34 (44.5%) while Jadelle was mostly used by 15 - 24 years old (48%). 1181 clients (79.5%) of HIV negative clients used Depo-IM as the contraceptive method while 164 clients (78.8%) of HIV positive clients used Depo IM as a method of contraception. More HIV negative clients used Jadelle and COC as compared to HIV positive clients. The choice of a particular method of contraception was influenced by many factors. Parity, marital status, age as well as HIV status did have some association with the pre

关键词： Contraception Parity HIV Mangochi Malawi

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补充性肠外营养在加速康复外科肝癌患者术后的应用

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中华普通外科杂志 2019年第8期34卷 693-695页

作者：张坤朱锦德吕昕亮涂朝勇姜川林巧妹李卓锴周擎云邵初晓丽水市中心医院肝胆胰外科浙江省丽水323000

目的探讨实施加速康复外科肝癌术后患者应用补充性肠外营养(supplemental parenteral nutrition,SPN)联合早期肠内营养(enteral nutrition ,EN)的效果。方法选取2015年6月至2018年6月诊治的92例肝癌患者,随机分为2组,术后SPN联合早期EN... 详细信息

目的探讨实施加速康复外科肝癌术后患者应用补充性肠外营养(supplemental parenteral nutrition,SPN)联合早期肠内营养(enteral nutrition ,EN)的效果。方法选取2015年6月至2018年6月诊治的92例肝癌患者,随机分为2组,术后SPN联合早期EN支持的患者为研究组47例,单纯早期EN营养支持的患者为对照组45例,比较两组患者术后恢复情况。结果术后胆红素恢复、肝酶恢复、术后排气排便时间和并发症率等比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0. 05)。相比对照组,研究组前白蛋白水平恢复更快(F组间=7. 89,P = 0.006),白蛋白用量更少(t=-2.29,P =0.0024),术后住院时间更短(t= 2.46,P = 0.016)。结论对ERAS肝癌术后患者,SPN联合早期EN能兼顾肠内营养支持的优势,提供合理的能量支持,改善营养状况,加速患者康复。

关键词：癌,肝细胞胃肠外营养肠道营养

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Use of laparoscopy as the initial surgical approach of impalpable testes:10-year experience

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2015年第4期4卷 155-159页

作者： Kin Wai Edwin Chan kim Hung Lee Hei Yi Vicky Wong Siu Yan Bess Tsui Yuen Shan Wong Kit Yi Kristine Pang Jennifer Wai Cheung Mou Yuk Him Tam Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology Department of Surgerythe Prince of Wales Hospitalthe Chinese University of Hong Kong

AIM: To review the experience in the management of impalpable testes using laparoscopy as the initial approach and the need for inguinal ***: From January 2004 to june 2014, 339 patients with undescended testes underwent operation in our institute. Fifty patients(15%) had impalpable testes. All children with impalpable testes underwent initial laparoscopy. A retrospective review was conducted on this group of patients and the outcome was ***: Forty children had unilateral impalpable testis. Ten children had bilateral impalpable testes. Thirty-one children(78%) in the unilateral group underwent subsequent inguinal exploration while 4 children(40%) in the bilateral group underwent inguinal exploration(P < 0.05). Orchidopexy was performed in 16 children(40%) in the unilateral group and 9 children(90%) in the bilateral group(P < 0.05). Regarding the 24 children with unilateral impalpable testis and underwent orchidectomy for testicular nubbin(n = 19) or atrophic testes(n = 2) or has vanishing testes(n = 3); contralateral testicular hypertrophy was noticed in 10(41%). No intra-operative complication was encountered. Two children after staged Fowler-Stephensprocedure and 1 child after inguinal orchidopexy had atrophic ***: The use of laparoscopy in children with impalpable testes is a safe procedure and can guide the need for subsequent inguinal exploration. Children with unilateral impalpable testis were associated with an increased need for inguinal exploration after laparoscopy. Orchidopexies could be performed successfully in 90% of children with bilateral impalpable testes.

关键词： Laparoscopy Impalpable Testis Inguinal

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新式乳头切开刀下的乳头括约肌切开术

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第2期2卷 43-43页

作者： Park S.-H. kim H.-J. Do H.P. 徐瑞 Division of Gastroenterology Clinical Research Institute Soon Chun Hyang University Cheonan Hospital 23- 20 Bongmyung- Dong Cheonan Choongnam 330- 721 South Korea Dr.

Background: A new papillotome has been developed, an isolated-tip needle-knife papillotome (Iso-Tome) that has a semi-oval-shaped tip of epoxide adhesive to prevent electric leakage from the tip of the incising needle. The coated tip aids in keeping the papillotome tightly in the orifice of the ampulla of Vater and is believed to prevent unintentional deep cuts or perforations. This study was done to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the new papillotome for pre-cut papillotomy. Methods: From june 2003 to November 2003,115 patients underwent attempted ERCP. If biliary cannulation failed by the conventional method, pre-cut papillotomy was performed by using the Iso-Tome in the direction of the bile duct. After successful bile-duct cannulation, papillotomy was extended for therapeutic procedures, such as stone removal or stent insertion, in the majority of the cases. Post-ERCP complications were classified according to consensus guidelines. Observations: Pre-cut papillotomy with the Iso-Tome was done in 25 patients (21.7% of cases). Protective pancreatic stents were not used. Of these patients, 11 had common bile duct stones, 7 had pancreatitis, 5 had malignancies, one had sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, and one had bile-duct leak. After pre-cut papillotomy with the Iso-Tome, bile-duct cannulation was successfully achieved in 23 of 25 (92% ) patients. Complications occurred in 7 of 25 patients (28% ) and consisted of mild pancreatitis in 5 (20% ), moderate bleeding in one (4% ), and biliary pain in one (4% ). All 7 patients with complications were managed medically, and there was no death. Conclusions: In this pilot study, the isolated-tip needle knife was found to be a clinically useful papillotome for pre-cut papillotomy. Further large comparative studies (with and without pancreatic protective stents) are needed to determine improved efficacy and safety compared with standard techniques.

关键词：乳头切开刀括约肌功能内镜逆行总胆管结石胆石壶腹部电极头插管方法临床有效性中度出血

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人为气溶胶排放导致最近80年东亚夏季风在过去四个世纪以来空前减弱

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地球环境学报 2019年第6期10卷 527-542页

作者：刘禹蔡文炬孙长峰宋慧明 kim MCobb 李建平 Steven WLeavitt 吴立新蔡秋芳刘若时 Benjamin Ng Paolo Cherubini Ulf Büntgen 宋怡王国建雷莺晏利斌李强马永永方丛羲孙军艳李旭祥 Deliang Chen Hans WLinderholm 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室西安710061 中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越创新中心西安710061 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室-海洋动力过程与气候功能实验室青岛266237 北京师范大学地球科学前沿交叉研究中心和全球变化研究联合中心北京100875 中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室和青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室青岛266237 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research AspendaleVIC 3195Australia School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA The Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA 西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院西安710049 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape ResearchCH-8903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Global Change Research Centre and Masaryk University 60177 BrnoCzech Republic 陕西省气象局西安710014 Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgBox 100SE-40530 GothenburgSweden

亚洲夏季风(Asian Summer Monsoon,ASM)对亚洲数十亿人口的生存、亚洲生态系统和生物多样性的分布、以及农业生产(粮食安全)和工业活动影响严重。因此了解ASM过去时空变化及其动力学过程对陆地生态系统、水资源、森林和景观研究至关重... 详细信息

亚洲夏季风(Asian Summer Monsoon,ASM)对亚洲数十亿人口的生存、亚洲生态系统和生物多样性的分布、以及农业生产(粮食安全)和工业活动影响严重。因此了解ASM过去时空变化及其动力学过程对陆地生态系统、水资源、森林和景观研究至关重要。近几十年,器测记录显示以降水量为代表的ASM强度一直在减弱,但这一减弱趋势的起始时间和动力学过程尚不清楚。为此,第一次集成了ASM西部-中部边缘带10个对降水敏感的树木年轮宽度年表,重建了公元1566年以来反映ASM强度变化的降水序列。重建结果不仅捕捉到了ASM过去4个世纪以来强弱变化历史,也反映出历史上蝗灾与弱季风的关联。特别是发现了最近80年具有过去448年中前所未有的、最为强烈的、显著且持续时间最长的ASM强度减弱趋势。这一减弱趋势与在温室效应影响下ASM本该增强的预期大相庭径。耦合气候模型实验表明,北半球人为硫酸盐气溶胶排放的逐渐增加,对ASM减弱起了决定性作用。

关键词：东亚夏季风树木年轮降水重建人为气溶胶 ASM减弱趋势

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