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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第13期9卷 2969-2982页

作者： Jai hoon Yoon Ye-Ji Jung sung-hoon moon Department of Internal Medicine Hanyang University College of MedicineSeoul 04763South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Hallym UniversityAnyang 14068South Korea Department of Internal Medicine University of Hallym College of MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyang 14068South Korea

Pancreatic cancer, a highly lethal cancer, has the lowest 5-year survival rate forseveral reasons, including its tendency for the late diagnosis, a lack of serologicmarkers for screening, aggressive local invasion, its early metastaticdissemination, and its resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Pancreaticcancer evades immunologic elimination by a variety of mechanisms, includinginduction of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Cancer-associatedfibroblasts interact with inhibitory immune cells, such as tumor-associatedmacrophages and regulatory T cells, to form an inflammatory shell-like desmoplasticstroma around tumor cells. Immunotherapy has the potential to mobilizethe immune system to eliminate cancer cells. Nevertheless, althoughimmunotherapy has shown brilliant results across a wide range of malignancies,only anti-programmed cell death 1 antibodies have been approved for use inpatients with pancreatic cancer who test positive for microsatellite instability ormismatch repair deficiency. Some patients treated with immunotherapy whoshow progression based on conventional response criteria may prove to have adurable response later. Continuation of immune-based treatment beyond diseaseprogression can be chosen if the patient is clinically stable. Immunotherapeuticapproaches for pancreatic cancer treatment deserve further exploration, given theplethora of combination trials with other immunotherapeutic agents, targetedtherapy, stroma-modulating agents, chemotherapy, and multi-way combinationtherapies.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Pancreatic cancer Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitor

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Trends in colorectal cancer incidence according to an increase in the number of colonoscopy cases in Korea

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 51-60页

作者： Ga Hee Kim Yeong Chan Lee Tae Jun Kim sung Noh Hong Dong Kyung Chang Young-Ho Kim Dong-hoon Yang Chang Mo moon Kyunga Kim Hyun Gun Kim Eun-Ran Kim Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea Department of Digital Health Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and TechnologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351South Korea Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351South Korea Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineEwha Womans UniversitySeoul 07985South Korea Biomedical Statistics Center Samsung Medical CenterSeoul 06351South Korea Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineSeoul 04401South Korea

BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC)and preinvasive CRC(e.g.,early colon cancer and advanced adenoma)is gradually increasing in several *** To evaluate the trend in incidence of CRC and preinvasive CRC according to the increase in the number of colonoscopies performed in *** This retrospective cohort study enrolled Korean patients from 2002 to 2020 to evaluate the incidence of CRC and preinvasive CRC,and assess the numbers of diagnostic colonoscopies and colonoscopic ***-related complications by age group were also *** The incidence of CRC showed a rapid increase,then decreased after 2012 in the 50-75 year-age *** the study period,the rate of incidence of preinvasive CRC increased at a similar level in patients under 50 and 50-75 years of *** 2009,the increase has been rapid,showing a pattern similar to the increase in *** rate of colonoscopic polypectomy in patients aged under 50 was similar to the rate in patients over 75 years of age after *** rate of complications after colonoscopy and related deaths within 3 mo was high for those over 75 years of *** The diagnosis of preinvasive CRC increased with the increase in the number of colonoscopies *** the risk of colonoscopy-related hospitalization and death is high in the elderly,if early lesions at risk of developing CRC are diagnosed and treated under or at the age of 75,colonoscopy-related complications can be reduced for those aged 76 years or over.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Preinvasive colorectal cancer Colorectal polypectomy Colonoscopy

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Prophecy about post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis:From divination to science

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第5期19卷 631-637页

作者： sung-hoon moon Myung-Hwan Kim Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University College of MedicineAnyang 431-070South Korea Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoul 138-736South Korea

One unresolved issue of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP),which occurs in up to 40%of *** of risk factors for PEP is especially important in the field of ERCP practice because it may assist physicians in taking protective measures in situations with high risk.A decade ago,Freeman et al meticulously evaluated a large number of potentially relevant risk factors for PEP,which can be divided into patient-relat-ed and procedure-related *** this commentary, we summarize this classic article and reevaluate the risk factors for PEP from the current point of *** is followed by assessment of strategies for prevention of PEP that can be divided into mechanical and pharmacologic methods.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrea-tography Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis Risk factor Prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis Pancreatic stents Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

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Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation:Revival of the old technique

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第45期19卷 8258-8268页

作者： Seung Uk Jeong sung-hoon moon Myung-Hwan Kim Department of Internal Medicine Jeju National University School of Medicine Jeju 690-767 South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University College of Medicine Anyang 431-070 South Korea Department of Gastroenterology Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul 138-736 South Korea

Radiologists first described the removal of bile duct stones using balloon dilation in the early ***,there has been renewed interest in endoscopic balloon dilation with a small balloon to avoid the complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)in young patients undergoing laparoscopic ***,there is a disparity in using endoscopic balloon papillary dilation(EPBD)between the East and the West,depending on the origin of the *** the early 2000s,EST followed by endoscopic balloon dilation with a large balloon was introduced to treat large or difficult biliary *** balloon dilation with a large balloon has generally been recognized as an effective and safe method,unlike ***,fatal complications have occurred in patients with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation(EPLBD).The safety of endoscopic balloon dilation is still a debatable ***,guidelines of indications and techniques have not been established in performing endoscopic balloon dilation with a small balloon or a large *** this article,we discuss the issue of conventional and large balloon endoscopic *** also suggest the indications and optimal techniques of EPBD and EPLBD.

关键词： Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation Common bile duct stone Endoscopic sphincterotomy Mechanical lithotripsy

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Treatment for gastric ‘indefinite for neoplasm/dysplasia' lesions based on predictive factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 469-484页

作者： Mi Jung Kwon Ho Suk Kang Hyeon Tae Kim Jin Woo Choo Bo Hyun Lee sung Eun Hong Kun Ha Park Dong Min Jung Hyun Lim Jae Seung Soh sung hoon moon Jong Hyeok Kim Hye-Rim Park Soo Kee Min Jin won Seo Ji-Young Choe Department of Pathology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital

BACKGROUND Gastric ‘indefinite for neoplasm/dysplasia'(IFND) is a borderline lesion that is difficult to diagnose as either regenerative or neoplastic. There is a need for guidance in the identification of a subset of patients, who have an IFND lesion with a higher risk of malignant potential, to enable risk stratification and optimal *** To determine the clinical and pathologic factors for the accurate diagnosis of gastric IFND *** In total, 461 gastric lesions diagnosed via biopsy as IFND lesions were retrospectively evaluated. Endoscopic resection(n = 134), surgery(n = 22), and follow-up endoscopic biopsy(n = 305) were performed to confirm the *** time interval from initial biopsy to cancer diagnosis was measured, and diagnostic delays were categorized as > 2 wk, > 2 mo, > 6 mo, and > 1 year. The IFND lesions presenting as regenerating atypia(60%) or atypical epithelia(40%)at initial biopsy were adenocarcinomas in 22.6%, adenomas in 8.9%, and gastritis in 68.5% of the *** Four clinical factors [age ≥ 60 years(2.445, 95%CI: 1.305-4.580, P = 0.005),endoscopic size ≥ 10 mm(3.519, 95%CI: 1.891-6.548, P < 0.001), single lesion(5.702, 95%CI: 2.212-14.696, P < 0.001), and spontaneous bleeding(4.056, 95%CI:1.792-9.180, P = 0.001)], and two pathologic factors [atypical epithelium(25.575,95%CI: 11.537-56.695, P < 0.001], and repeated IFND diagnosis [6.022, 95%CI:1.822-19.909, P = 0.003)] were independent risk factors for gastric cancer. With two or more clinical factors, the sensitivity and specificity for carcinoma were91.3% and 54.9%, respectively. Ten undifferentiated carcinomas were initially diagnosed as IFND. In the subgroup analysis, fold change(5.594, 95%CI: 1.458-21.462, P = 0.012) predicted undifferentiated or invasive carcinoma in the submucosal layers or deeper. Diagnostic delays shorter than 1 year were not associated with worse prognoses. Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinomas accounted for half of the repeate

关键词： Gastric cancer Biopsy Endoscopic surgical procedure Diagnostic delay Prognosis

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Endoscopic fibrin glue injection for closure of pancreatocutaneous fistula following transgastric endoscopic necrosectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第39期14卷 6093-6095页

作者： Ji Woong Jang Do Hyun Park sung-hoon moon Sang Soo Lee Dong Wan Seo sung Koo Lee Myung-Hwan Kim Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoul 138-736South Korea

Transgastric endoscopic necrosectomy has been recently introduced as the effective and alternative management of infected pancreatic necrosis and pancreatic abscess. However,up to 40% of patients who undergo endoscopic necrosectomy may need an additional percutaneous approach for subsequent peripancreatic fluid collection or non-resolution of pancreatic necrosis. This percutaneous approach may lead to persistent pancreatocutaneous fistula,which remains a serious problem and usually requires prolonged hospitalization,or even open-abdominal surgery. We describe the first case of pancreatocutaneous fistula and concomitant abdominal wall defect following transgastric endoscopic necrosectomy and percutaneous drainage,which were endoscopically closed with fibrin glue injection via the necrotic cavity.

关键词：纤维蛋白胰腺坏死内窥镜病理机制

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Signet-ring cell carcinoma arising from a fundic gland polyp in the stomach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第47期20卷 18044-18047页

作者： Yong Seol Jeong sung Eun Kim Mi-Jung Kwon Jae Yong Seo Hyun Lim Ji Won Park Ho Suk Kang sung hoon moon Jong Hyuk Kim Choong Kee Park Department of Internal Medicine University of Hallym College of MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Department of Pathology University of Hallym College of MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart Hospital

Fundic gland polyps(FGPs)are currently the most common type of gastric polyps and are usually ***,although rare,gastric adenocarcinoma of FGP has been recently proposed as a new variant of gastric *** we report the first case of a49-year-old woman with focal signet ring cell carcinoma that arose from an FGP of the *** tumor was completely excised by endoscopic snare *** should therefore be evaluated for malignant changes although they occur rarely,if the FGP has an erosive or irregular surface.

关键词： Fundic gland polyp Signet ring cell

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Vomiting-induced pharyngeal perforation during bowel preparation for colonoscopy:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3615-3621页

作者： Geonhee Kim Won Hyuk Lee Seokin Kang Jung Rock moon Yoon Suk Lee Jun Hyuk Son Nam-hoon Kim Jong Wook Kim Department of Internal Medicine Ilsan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineGoyang 10380South Korea

BACKGROUND Effective bowel cleansing is essential for a successful ***,such as polyethylene glycol,are commonly used for bowel *** is a frequent complication during bowel preparation,and forceful vomiting can potentially lead to esophageal perforation,as reported in several previous ***,pharyngeal perforation during bowel preparation has not been previously ***,we present a case of pharyngeal perforation induced by forceful vomiting during bowel *** SUMMARY A 38-year-old man with a history of hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes mellitus,and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis was admitted for evaluation of recurrent abdominal *** patient complained of sudden pain in the neck,throat,and anterior chest following forceful vomiting during bowel *** examination revealed crepitus under the skin of the neck and anterior chest on palpation,and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed pharyngeal *** perforation site was located above the upper esophageal sphincter,which distinguished it from Boerhaave’s *** medical management was chosen after consultation with a thoracic surgeon and an otolaryngologist,considering the patient's mild symptoms,stable vital signs,and the small size of the lesion;the perforation resolved without endoscopic or surgical *** patient was discharged from hospital two weeks after the *** Despite its rarity,pharyngeal perforation should be considered a potential complication of bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

关键词： Colonoscopy Pharynx Polyethylene glycols Spontaneous perforation Case report

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Extrusion limit diagram of AZ91–0.9Ca–0.6Y–0.5MM alloy and effects of extrusion parameters on its microstructure and mechanical properties

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3447-3458页

作者： Dong HeeLee Ye Jin Kim Sang-hoon Kim Byoung Gi moon sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186Republic of Korea Advanced Metals Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea

An AZ91–0.9Ca–0.6Y–0.5MM(AZXWMM91100) alloy, which has higher corrosion resistance, ignition resistance, and extrudability than a commercial AZ91 alloy, has been developed recently. In this study, the AZXWMM91100 alloy is extruded at various temperatures(300–400 ℃) and ram speeds(1–14.5 mm/s), and the cracking behaviors, microstructure, and tensile properties of the extruded materials are systematically analyzed. On the basis of the pressure limit and surface and internal cracking limit, the extrusion limit diagram providing a safe extrusion processing zone is established. All of the materials extruded at temperatures and speeds within the safe extrusion processing zone have high surface quality and moderate tensile ductility with an elongation higher than 10%. Moreover, they have a fully recrystallized grain structure and contain undissolved particle stringers arranged parallel to the extrusion direction. The grain size of the extruded material does not show any relationship with the Zener–Hollomon parameter(Z). However, the yield strength(YS) of the extruded material is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the Z value, and their relationship is expressed as YS =-31.2·log(Z) + 536. These findings may broaden the understanding of the AZXWMM91100 alloy with excellent chemical and physical properties and provide valuable information for the development of high-performance extruded Mg products using this alloy.

关键词： Magnesium Extrudability Extrusion limit diagram Microstructure Tensile properties

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Utilizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)-bridged non-fullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 194-204页

作者： sung Jae Jeon Young hoon Kim Ie Na Kim Nam Gyu Yang Ji Hee Yun Doo Kyung moon Nano and Information Materials(NIMs)Laboratory Department of Chemical EngineeringKonkuk University120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-guSeoul 05029South Korea Department of Academy of Applied Science and Technology Konkuk University120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-guSeoul 05029South Korea

A rational design of efficient low-band-gap non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)for high-performance organic solar cells(OSCs)remains challenging;the main constraint being the decrease in the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals(LUMOs)as the bandgap of A-D-A-type NFAs ***,the short current density(J_(sc))and open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))result in a trade-off relationship,making it difficult to obtain efficient ***,three NFAs(IFL-ED-4 F,IDT-ED-4 F,and IDTT-ED-2 F)were synthesized to address the above-mentioned issue by introducing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)as aπ-*** NFAs exhibit relatively low bandgaps(1.67,1.42,and 1.49 eV,respectively)and upshifted LUMO levels(-3.88,-3.84,and-3.81 eV,respectively)compared with most reported low-band-gap ***,the photovoltaic devices based on IDT-ED-4 F blended with a PBDB-T donor polymer showed the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.4%with a high J_(sc) of 22.1 mA cm^(-2) and Voc of 0.884 V among the examined *** contrast,IDTT-ED-4 F,which was designed with an asymmetric structure of the D-p-A type,showed the lowest efficiency of 1.5%owing to the poor morphology and charge transport properties of the binary ***,when this was introduced as the third component of the PM6:BTP-BO-4 Cl,complementary absorption and cascade energy-level alignment between the two substances could be ***,the IDTT-ED-4 F-based ternary blend device not only improved the Jscand Voc,but also achieved a PCE of 15.2%,which is approximately 5.3%higher than that of the reference device with a minimized energy loss of 0.488 *** addition,the universality of IDTT-ED-2 F as a third component was effectively demonstrated in other photoactive systems,specifically,PM6:BTPe C9 and PTB7-Th:IEICO-4 *** work facilitates a better understanding of the structure–property relationship for utilizing efficient EDOT-bridged NFAs in high-performance OSC applications.

关键词： Non-fullerene acceptor 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene Organic solar cell π-bridge π-spacer

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