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Source Rock Evaluation of the Shale Beds Penetrated by Kinasar-1 Well, Se Bornu Basin, Nigeria

Open Journal of Geology 2018年第11期8卷 1056-1068页

作者： Peter sunday Ola Department of Applied Geology The Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

This paper investigates the hydrocarbon generation potential of the shale beds penetrated by Kinasar-1 well in the SE depression of the Bornu Basin, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to select shale sample from the ditch cuttings of the well and assess their source rock status based on the integration of four routinely used indicators: TOC, hi, Tmax, and VR. While all the strata analysed contain sufficient organic matter (TOC > 0.5) for hydrocarbon generation, the hi/Tmax plot suggests slightly matured to matured type II/III kerogen that is capable of generating only gas as revealed by the hi/TOC plot. Of tectonic significance is the Vitrinite reflectance result, which suggests cooling, based on observed VR reversal at depth. This is interpreted herein as marking a period of uplift and erosion that is totally different from and occurred before the intra-Maastrichtian unconformity that affected all the basins of WACRS.

关键词： Bornu Basin Gas Kinasar Source Rock Unconformity

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Possible Bornu Basin Hydrocarbon Habitat—A Review

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第9期5卷 983-996页

作者： John Adeyinka Adekoya Peter sunday Ola Solomon Ojo Olabode Department of Applied Geology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Geological Sciences Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria

An attempt is made in this article to examine and assess the possible petroleum habitat in the Bornu Basin, which is the Nigerian portion of the Mega-Chad Basin that has been found to host oil and gas in commercial quantities in Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The presence of three of the fundamental geological factors (source rock, reservoir rock and seal/trap) for commercial hydrocarbon accumulation was assessed in the light of existing information. Available geochemical information reveals that the shales of the Bima, Gongila and Fika Formations in the Bornu Basin contain sufficient organic matter for hydrocarbon generation. Limited existing geochemical data suggest that the quantity and quality of the organic matter in the shales vary widely with the TOC of most samples ranging from 0.54 wt% - 1.25 wt% and the hi from 11 - 173.80 mg/g in intervals with Tmax in the range of 365°C - 519°C. In addition, the kerogen type is predominantly type III with minor type II, thus suggesting a predominant gas prone basin. Possible reservoir rocks occur as sand/sandstone beds within the Bima, Gombe, and Kerri-Kerri, as well the Gongila Formation which also contains much shale and limestone. Both stratigraphic and structural trapping conditions exist in the Bornu Basin. The structural traps were presumably formed during the widespread Santonian tectonic inversion that affected the entire Mega-Chad Basin. It is suggested that deeper drilling into the sands and sandstone of the untested Bima Formation that could host hydrocarbon of commercial quantities, as evidenced by the discoveries at deeper depths in the neighbouring Termit Basin, was desirable.

关键词： Organic Geochemistry Bornu Basin Source Rock Reservoir Trap

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Biostratigraphy, Palynofacies and Organic Geochemical Characterization of Three Wells, Western Offshore Niger Delta Nigeria

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Open Journal of Geology 2023年第5期13卷 504-535页

作者： Oluwafemi Gabriel Ogunsanya Joshua Babatunde Asere Olugbenga Ademola Boboye Kehinde sunday Bosikun Grace Adewumi Adegboye Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Oyo Nigeria

Ditch samples from AP-4, ER-51 and UK-2 offshore Niger Delta were subjected to biostratigraphic and organic geochemical analyses which entail foraminiferal, palynological, Spore Colour Index (SCI), Rock-Eval Pyrolysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The results have established N19 and N17;N17, N16 and N15;and N9 and N8 biozones;and P600 and P700 palynological zones. The dominance of palynomaceral (PM) I and II suggests Type III kerogen. PM III and IV (Type II and IV) were recorded. SCI ranges from 3/4 to 5/6 suggesting an early to mature liquid hydrocarbon generation phase. Rock-Eval Pyrolysis shows that the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Hydrogen Index (hi), Pyrolysis temperature (Tmax), and Vitrinite Reflectance (VRo) range from 2.48 wt% - 6.37 wt%, 78 - 258, 411°C - 431°C and 0.26% - 0.69% respectively suggesting high TOC of Type II/III kerogen. FTIR indices show Type I kerogen in all the wells. VRo results range from 0.4 - 0.5 indicating an immature source. high concentrations of aliphatic saturates in identified functional groups indicate a low biodegradation. The abundance and diversity of recovered assemblages and dominance of PM I and II suggest shallow depositional environments with an age range of late Miocene to early Pliocene. Palynomaceral, SCI, and Rock-Eval inference contradict FTIR kerogen type suggesting that IR spectroscopy might not be suitable for kerogen typing and origin. The geochemical and biostratigraphical inferences must be corroborated for a successful evaluation. However, the source rock in the study area has adequate organic matter with the prospect to generate both oil and gas at appropriate maturity.

关键词： Biostratigraphy Rock-Eval Palynofacies Infrared Spectroscopy Palynomaceral

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Multi-Residue Levels of Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides in Edible Vegetables: A Human Health Risk Assessment

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2018年第4期7卷 143-152页

作者： Samuel Oluyemi Adefemi Samuel sunday Asaolu Olayinka Abidemi Ibigbami Joshua Iseoluwa Orege Mayowa Akeem Azeez Abiodun Folasade Akinsola Department of Chemistry Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

Background: This study evaluates the quantitative assessment of persistent organochorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in vegetables (Senecio biafrae) from four selected cocoa plantations in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: The pesticides were extracted from the vegetable samples by using USEPA 3500C method and later clean-up on activated silica gel. The pesticides residues in the samples were determined using Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Results: The results showed that the analyzed samples were contaminated with ten OCPs. The mean OCPs concentration ranged from ND—0.399 mg/kg to ND—0.379 mg/kg during the wet and dry seasons respectively. α-BHC, β-BHC, p, p’-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan sulphate and methoxychlor were not detected in the samples. Pesticides such as aldrin, endosulfan II, endrin aldehyde and heptachlor slightly exceeded their maximum residue limit. Conclusion: The hazard indices (hi) of heptachlor, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, aldrin, heptachlor-epoxide and p, p’-DDT exceeded 1 and thus pose likely potential non-carcinogenic health risk.

关键词： Organochlorine Pesticides Vegetables Risk Residues Gas Chromatography

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