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Discrete Software Reliability Growth Modeling for Errors of Different Severity Incorporating Change-point Concept

International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第4期4卷 396-405页

作者： D.N.Goswami sun.l k.khatri Reecha kapur School of Studies in Computer Science and Applications Jiwaji UniversityGwalior 474011India Mother Teresa Institute of Management Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversityDelhi110092India Department of Mathematics and Computer Applications Bundelkhand UniversityJhansi 284128India

Several software reliability growth models （SRGM） have been developed to monitor the reliability growth during the testing phase of software development. In most of the existing research available in the literatures, it is considered that a similar testing effort is required on each debugging effort. However, in practice, different types of faults may require different amounts of testing efforts for their detection and removal. Consequently, faults are classified into three categories on the basis of severity： simple, hard and complex. This categorization may be extended to r type of faults on the basis of severity. Although some existing research in the literatures has incorporated this concept that fault removal rate （FRR） is different for different types of faults, they assume that the FRR remains constant during the overall testing period. On the contrary, it has been observed that as testing progresses, FRR changes due to changing testing strategy, skill, environment and personnel resources. In this paper, a general discrete SRGM is proposed for errors of different severity in software systems using the change-point concept. Then, the models are formulated for two particular environments. The models were validated on two real-life data sets. The results show better fit and wider applicability of the proposed models as to different types of failure datasets.

关键词： Discrete software reliability growth model non-homogeneous Poisson process fault severity change point probability generating function.

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Use of Geosynthetic Access Mats in Construction

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 552-574页

作者： Waseem A. khatri Abdullah Al Gazlan Nawaf Alubaidi Abiola Ojo Waleed Al Safarji Consulting Services Department Saudi Arabian Oil Company Dhahran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Industrial Projects Department Saudi Arabian Oil Company Dhahran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A stable surface to move manpower and equipment is a key for the construction operations. To create a stable road surface, the road construction techniques are time-consuming and expensive for a traditional construction which requires compaction of soil, aggregate base, sub-base and asphaltic layers. A Geosynthetic Access Mat (GAM) system can serve as an alternative to other traditional construction techniques to accommodate temporary construction. Due to its rigidity, the mat system can provide substantial vertical resistance to the applied load under a large deflection subject to soil conditions. This paper provides details of GAM specifications, soil conditions, applications, installation procedure, comparison with other soil stabilization methods and Aramco experience for deployments of these mats.

关键词： Geosynthetic Access Mats (GAM) Bearing Capacity Ground Water level (GWl) Soil Testing Construction Installation

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Climate change adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation and economic profitability of conservation agriculture: Some examples from cereal systems of Indo-Gangetic Plains

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1524-1533页

作者： Tek B Sapkota M l Jat Jeetendra P Aryal R k Jat Arun khatri-Chhetri International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Borlaug Institute for South Asia Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) International Water Management Institute

Achieving sustainability of the cereal system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains（IGP）of India under progressive climate change and variability necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production,adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable *** paper examines conservation agriculture（CA）from the perspective of：（i）increased yield and farm income,（ii）adaptation to heat and water stresses,and（iii）reduction in greenhouse gas（GHGs）*** analyses and conclusions are based on the literature and evidences from a large number of on-station as well as farmers’field trials on CA in the cereal systems of *** analyses show that CA-based system substantially reduces the production cost（up to 23%）but produces equal or even higher than conventional system;thereby increasing economic profitability of production ***-based production systems also moderated the effect of high temperature（reduced canopy temperature by 1–4°C）and increased irrigation water productivity by 66–100%compared to traditional production systems thus well adapting to water and heat stress situations of *** continuous monitoring of soil flux of CO2,N2O and CH4 revealed that CA-based rice-wheat systems emit 10–15%less GHGs than conventional *** is the first time that CA and its components are synthesized and analyzed from food security-climate change *** this holistic analysis,we suggest that wide-scale promotion of suitable CA practices by integrating into national agriculture development strategy is a way forward to address food security,climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by present agriculture.

关键词： zero-tillage residue retention climate change sustainability conservation agriculture

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Extreme ultraviolet and x-ray transition wavelengths in Rb XXIV

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 115-126页

作者： Indu khatri Arun Goyal sunny Aggarwal A.k.Singh Man Mohan Department of Physics and Astrophysics University of Delhi Department of Physics Shyamlal CollegeUniversity of Delhi Department of Physics D.D.U.CollegeUniversity of Delhi

Energy levels, radiative rates, oscillator strengths and line strengths are reported for transitions among the lowest 97 levels of the（1s22s22p6） 3s23p2, 3s23p3 d, 3s3p3, 3p4, 3s3p23 d, and 3s23d2 configurations of Rb XXIV. A multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock（MCDF） method is adopted for the calculations. Radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths are provided for all electric dipole（E1）, magnetic dipole（M1）, electric quadrupole（E2）, and magnetic quadrupole（M2）transitions from the ground level to all 97 levels, although calculations are performed for a much larger number of *** achieve the accuracy of the data, comparisons are provided with similar data obtained from the Flexible Atomic Code（FAC） and also with the available theoretical and experimental results. Our energy levels are found to be accurate to better than 1.2%. Wavelengths calculated are found to lie in EUV（extreme ultraviolet） and x-ray regions. Additionally, lifetimes for all 97 levels are obtained for the first time.

关键词： atomic data energy levels transition probability

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Fluoroalcohol-mediated reductive iodonio-Claisen rearrangement： Synthesis of complex ortho-substituted-allyl iodoarenes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 359-368页

作者： Hem Raj khatri Hai Nguyen James k. Dunaway Jianglong Zhu Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering The University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606 USA

Reductive iodonio-Claisen rearrangement （RICR） involving 23-iodanes and allyl or substituted-allyl silanes in fluoroalcohols, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroi- sopropanol （HFIP） and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol （TFE）, was studied for the synthesis of complex ortho-allyl or substituted-allyl iodoarenes. In comparison to the pre- viously reported condition involving boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, the RICR mediated by fluoroalcohols was found to proceed more effectively. The resulting complex ortho-allyl iodoarenes are useful synthetic intermediates and can be readily converted to various heterocyclic compounds.

关键词： hypervalent iodine allylation fluoroalcohol Claisen rearrangement heterocycles

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Impact of invasive Ageratina adenophora on relative performance of woody vegetation in different forest ecosystems of kumaun Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2557-2579页

作者： Bhawna NEGI kavita khatri Surendra S.BARGAlI kiran BARGAlI Archana FARTYAl R.k.CHATURVEDI Department of Botany D.S.B CampusKumaun UniversityNainital-263002UttarakhandIndia Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun 666303China

Invasive plant Ageratina adenophora(Sprengel)***&*** has invaded majority of the temperate forests in kumaun,Central *** on *** invaded forest types,their structural attributes,population demography and regeneration status are still at rudimentary *** this,the present study was conducted to assess the impacts of *** on vegetational attributes and regeneration status of three forest types,viz.,Oak(Quercus oblongata ***),Pine(Pinus roxburghii Sarg.)and Cypress(Cupressus torulosa ***).We selected three sites for each forest type and each site was further purposively stratified into paired sampling plots of 1 ha each i.e.,*** invaded and uninvaded *** results showed large densities of cut stumps or felled trees throughout invaded sites,but with fewer fire signs in comparison to uninvaded *** uninvaded sites,total density and basal area calculated for woody species were relatively higher than those in invaded sites,although results were insignificant(p>0.05).With the exception for Cypress forests,vegetation indices showed low woody species richness and diversity in invaded Oak and Pine ***,regeneration of ***,*** and *** tree species did not differ significantly(p>0.05)between invaded and uninvaded *** insignificant differences clearly imply that ***'s presence has not entirely changed the perennial plant communities in terms of composition,structure and natural ***,tree species with poor or no regeneration status requires special attention and needs management strategies involving control of invasive species in forest ecosystems.

关键词： Ageratina adenophora Seedling density Forests Population structure Regeneration

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Progress and challenges in RET-targeted cancer therapy

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第2期17卷 207-219页

作者： Xueqing Hu Ujjwol khatri Tao Shen Jie Wu Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center and Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK 73104USA

The rearranged during transfection(RET)is a receptor protein tyrosine *** RET fusions or mutations are found most often in non-small cell lung cancer(NSClC)and in thyroid cancer,but also increasingly in various types of cancers at low *** the last few years,two potent and selective RET protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TkIs),pralsetinib(BlU-667)and selpercatinib(lOXO-292,lY3527723)were developed and received regulatory *** pralsetinib and selpercatinib gave high overall response rates(ORRs),lete response(CR).The RET TkI-tolerated residual tumors inevitably develop resistance by secondary target mutations,acquired alternative oncogenes,or MET *** G810 mutations located at the kinase solvent front site were identified as the major on-target mechanism of acquired resistance to both selpercatinib and *** next-generation of RET TkIs capable of inhibiting the selpercatinib/pralsetinib-resistant RET mutants have progressed to clinical ***,it is likely that new TkI-adapted RET mutations will emerge to cause resistance to these next-generation of RET *** the problem requires a better understanding of the multiple mechanisms that support the RET TkI-tolerated persisters to identify a converging point of vulnerability to devise an effective co-treatment to eliminate the residual tumors.

关键词： pralsetinib selpercatinib RET-alteration lung cancer thyroid cancer tumor-agnostic therapy drug resistance

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Reactive Dyeing of Electrospun Cellulose Nanofibers by Pad-steam Method

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2021年第3期37卷 535-540页

作者： Winges FATIMA Muhammad TARIQUE lI Min CHEN Mingyi Muzamil khatri Muhammad Nauman SARWAR Icksoo kIM Farooq AHMED Zeeshan khatri CHEN Rouxi WEI kai National Engineering laboratory for Modern Silk College of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P.R.China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P.R.China Nano Fusion Technology Research lab Division of Frontier FibersInstitute for Fiber Engineering(IFES)Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research(ICCER)Shinshu University3-15-1TokidaUedaNagano386-8567Japan Department of Textile Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoro76062Pakistan

Based on the functional properties of electrospun cellulose nanofibers(CNF),scientists are showing substantial interest to enhance the aesthetic ***,the lower color yield has remained a big challenge due to the higher surface area of *** this study,we attempted to improve the color yield properties of CNF by the pad-steam dyeing *** CNF was obtained by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate(CA)*** different kinds of reactive dyes were used and pad-steam dyeing parameters were *** images revealed smooth morphology with an increase in the average diameter of *** results showed no change in the chemical structure after dyeing of *** fastness results demonstrated excellent ratings for reactive dyes,which indicate good dye fixation properties and no color loss during the washing *** results confirm that the pad-steam dyeing method can be potentially considered to improve the aesthetic properties of CNF,which can be utilized for functional garments,such as breathable raincoats and disposable face masks.

关键词： Electrospun nanofiber Aesthetic property Color yield pad-steam dyeing Cellulose nanofiber Reactive dye

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Synthesis and characterization of rare earth metal doped tungsten trioxide photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B dye

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稀土学报:英文版 2023年第9期41卷 1302-1310,I0002页

作者： Pooja Nehra Amita khatri Anil kumar Satyendra Singh Pawan S.Rana Department of Physics Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and TechnologyMurthal1339SonipatHaryanaIndia Special Centre for Nanoscience Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi10067India

Nowadays,it is concern for researchers that due to high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers in tungsten trioxide(WO_(3)) nanoparticles,the future applications are limited in the field of *** we attempt to synthesize tungsten trioxide nanoparticles with different doping concentrations of lanthanum i.e.2 wt%,4 wt%,6 wt% and 8 wt%.The synthesized samples were characterized by using various characterization techniques:X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),photoluminescence spectra(Pl),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) and UV-Vis ***_(3) retains its monoclinic structure even after doping which was confirmed by XRD *** helps to descry functional groups present in the *** size of nanoparticles was calculated by using *** confirms the absence of any impurity in the synthesized *** spectroscopy confirms the presence of a large number of imperfections induced in the lattice of WO_(3).The rate of recombination was analyzed by photoluminescence(Pl) spectroscopy and is minimum in 4 wt% doping of *** optical bandgap was calculated using UV-Vis spectroscopy and becomes narrow along with the doping ***,it is found that doping of la in WO_(3) has considerably ameliorate the photocatalytic activity by reducing rate of recombination due to the trapping of electrons by defects introduced in the *** decolorization of Rhodamine B(RhB) dye was performed and the values of c/c_0 and rate constant(k) confirm that the 4 wt% doping shows maximum degradation *** kinetic study for photodegradation of Rhodamine B was done by using various kinetic models and results show that the reaction follows first order kinetics very ***,optimum doping of lanthanum increases the decolorization ability of WO_(3) towards RhB dye.

关键词： Photocatalytic activity WO_(3)nanoparticles Rhodamine B dye Rare earth doping Visible light

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Extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray spectral lines in Rb ⅩⅩⅨ

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第3期25卷 134-144页

作者： Indu khatri Arun Goyal sunny Aggarwal A k Singh Man Mohan Department of Physics and Astrophysics University of DelhiDelhi 110007India Department of Physics D.D.U.CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110015India Department of Physics Shyamlal CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110032India

An extensive theoretical set of atomic data for Rb XXIX in a wide range with l-shell electron excitations to the M-shell has been reported. We have computed energy levels for the lowest 113 fine structure levels of Rb XXIX. The fully relativistic multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock method （MCDF） within the framework of Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian taking quantum electrodynamics （QED） and Breit corrections into account has been adopted for calculations. Radiative data are reported for electric dipole （El）, magnetic dipole （MI）, electric quadrupole （E2）, and magnetic quadrupole （M2） transitions from the ground level, although calculations have been performed for a much larger number of levels. To assess the accuracy of results, we performed analogous calculations using flexible atomic code （FAC）. Comparisons are made with existing available results and a good agreement has been achieved. Most of the wavelengths calculated lie in the soft x-ray （SXR） region. lifetimes for all 113 levels have also been provided for the first time. Additionally, we have provided the spectra for allowed transitions from n = 2 to n = 3 within the x-ray region and also compared our SXR photon wavelengths with experimentally recognized wavelengths. We hope that our results will be beneficial in fusion plasma research and astrophysical applications.

关键词： energy levels wavelengths radiative rates spectral lines

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