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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 333-346页

作者： Yifan sun qian Li Ling-Jun Kong Xiangdong Zhang Key Laboratory of advanced optoelectronic quantum architecture and measurements of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics&Ultrafine Optoelectronic SystemsSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology100081BeijingChina

Compared with electrical neural networks,optical neural networks(ONNs)have the potentials to break the limit of the bandwidth and reduce the consumption of energy,and therefore draw much attention in recent years.By far,several types of ONNs have been implemented.However,the current ONNs cannot realize the acceleration as powerful as that indicated by the models like quantum neural networks.How to construct and realize an ONN with the quantum speedup is a huge challenge.Here,we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a new type of optical convolutional neural network by introducing the optical correlation.It is called the correlated optical convolutional neural network(COCNN).We show that the COCNN can exhibit“quantum speedup”in the training process.The character is verified from the two aspects.One is the direct illustration of the faster convergence by comparing the loss function curves of the COCNN with that of the traditional convolutional neural network(CNN).Such a result is compatible with the training performance of the recently proposed quantum convolutional neural network(QCNN).The other is the demonstration of the COCNN’s capability to perform the QCNN phase recognition circuit,validating the connection between the COCNN and the QCNN.Furthermore,we take the COCNN analog to the 3-qubit QCNN phase recognition circuit as an example and perform an experiment to show the soundness and the feasibility of it.The results perfectly match the theoretical calculations.Our proposal opens up a new avenue for realizing the ONNs with the quantum speedup,which will benefit the information processing in the era of big data.

关键词： process quantum convolution

Review on article of effects of tenofovir alafenamide and entecavir in chronic hepatitis B virus patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 109-111页

作者： Yu-Tong sun qian-qian Chen Department of Gastroenterology The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100193China

This letter comments on the article which reported that tenofovir alafenamide may increase blood lipid levels compared with entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B published on World J Hepatol 2023 August 27.We review the related research content,topic selection,methodology,conclusions,strengths and weaknesses of this article.And evaluate it in relation to other published relevant articles.

关键词： Tenofovir alafenamide Entecavir Serum lipid levels Hepatitis B virus

Monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of the Lower Neches River, Texas, USA

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 21-32页

作者： Qin qian Mengjie He Frank sun Xinyu Liu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX 77710USA Department of Industry Engineering Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX 77710USA Department of Computer Science Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX 77710USA

Increasing bacteria levels in the Lower Neches River caused by Hurricane Harvey has been of a serious concern.This study is to analyze the historical water sampling measurements and real-time water quality data collected with wireless sensors to monitor and evaluate water quality under different hydrological and hydraulic conditions.The statistical and Pearson correlation analysis on historical water samples determines that alkalinity,chloride,hardness,conductivity,and pH are highly correlated,and they decrease with increasing flow rate due to dilution.The flow rate has positive correlations with Escherichia coli,total suspended solids,and turbidity,which demonstrates that runoff is one of the causes of the elevated bacteria and sediment loadings in the river.The correlation between E.coli and turbidity indicates that turbidity greater than 45 nephelometric turbidity units in the Neches River can serve as a proxy for E.coli to indicate the bacterial outbreak.A series of statistical tools and an innovative two-layer data smoothing filter are developed to detect outliers,fill missing values,and filter spikes of the sensor measurements.The correlation analysis on the sensor data illustrates that the elevated sediment/bacteria/algae in the river is either caused by the first flush rain and heavy rain events in December to March or practices of land use and land cover.Therefore,utilizing sensor measurements along with rainfall and discharge data is recommended to monitor and evaluate water quality,then in turn to provide early alerts on water resources management decisions.

关键词： Water quality Pearson correlation analysis Lower Neches River YSI wireless sensors Non-point pollution

Mitochondrial transplantation confers protection against the effects of ischemic stroke by repressing microglial pyroptosis and promoting neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1325-1335页

作者： Li sun Zhaoyan Zhao Jing Guo Yuan Qin qian Yu Xiaolong Shi Fei Guo Haiqin Zhang Xude sun Changjun Gao qian Yang Department of Experimental Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University

Transferring healthy and functional mitochondria to the lateral ventricles confers neuroprotection in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Autologous mitochondrial transplantation is also beneficial in pediatric patients with cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, transplantation of functional exogenous mitochondria may be a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic disease. To explore the neuroprotective effect of mitochondria transplantation and determine the underlying mechanism in ischemic stroke, in this study we established a photo-thrombosis-induced mouse model of focal ischemia and administered freshly isolated mitochondria via the tail vein or to the injury site(in situ). Animal behavior tests, immunofluorescence staining, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining, mRNA-seq, and western blotting were used to assess mouse anxiety and memory, cortical infarct area, pyroptosis, and neurogenesis, respectively. Using bioinformatics analysis, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and mass spectroscopy, we identified S100 calcium binding protein A9(S100A9) as a potential regulator of mitochondrial function and determined its possible interacting proteins. Interactions between exogenous and endogenous mitochondria, as well as the effect of exogenous mitochondria on recipient microglia, were assessed in vitro. Our data showed that:(1) mitochondrial transplantation markedly reduced mortality and improved emotional and cognitive function, as well as reducing infarct area, inhibiting pyroptosis, and promoting cortical neurogenesis;(2) microglial expression of S100A9 was markedly increased by ischemic injury and regulated mitochondrial function;(3) in vitro, exogenous mitochondria enhanced mitochondrial function, reduced redox stress, and regulated microglial polarization and pyroptosis by fusing with endogenous mitochondria; and(4) S100A9 promoted internalization of exogenous mitochondria by the microglia, thereby amplifying their pro-proliferation and anti-inflammatory effects. Taken togeth

关键词： ischemic stroke microglia mitochondria transplantation neurogenesis pyroptosis

Identification of fractional order Hammerstein models based on mixed signals

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Journal of Control and Decision 2024年第1期11卷 132-138页

作者： Mengqi sun Hongwei Wang qian Zhang School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalianPeople’s Republic of China School of Electrical Engineering Xinjiang UniversityUrumqiPeople’s Republic of China

An algorithm based on mixed signals is proposed,to solve the issues of low accuracy of identification algorithm,immeasurable intermediate variables of fractional order Hammerstein model,and how to determine the magnitude of fractional order.In this paper,a special mixed input signal is designed to separate the nonlinear and linear parts of the fractional order Hammerstein model so that each part can be identified independently.The nonlinear part is fitted by the neural fuzzy network model,which avoids the limitation of polynomial fitting and broadens the application range of nonlinear models.In addition,the multi-innovation Levenberg-Marquardt(MILM)algorithm and auxiliary recursive least square algorithm are innovatively integrated into the parameter identification algorithm of the fractional order Hammerstein model to obtain more accurate identification results.A simulation example is given to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Mixed signal fractional order Hammerstein model neural fuzzy network model multi-innovation Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm

Disparity estimation for multi-scale multi-sensor fusion

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第2期35卷 259-274页

作者： sun Guoliang PEI Shanshan LONG qian ZHENG Sifa YANG Rui Suzhou Automotive Research Institute Tsinghua UniversitySuzhou 215000China Beijing Smarter Eye Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100023China College of Artifical Intelligence Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The perception module of advanced driver assistance systems plays a vital role.Perception schemes often use a single sensor for data processing and environmental perception or adopt the information processing results of various sensors for the fusion of the detection layer.This paper proposes a multi-scale and multi-sensor data fusion strategy in the front end of perception and accomplishes a multi-sensor function disparity map generation scheme.A binocular stereo vision sensor composed of two cameras and a light deterction and ranging(LiDAR)sensor is used to jointly perceive the environment,and a multi-scale fusion scheme is employed to improve the accuracy of the disparity map.This solution not only has the advantages of dense perception of binocular stereo vision sensors but also considers the perception accuracy of LiDAR sensors.Experiments demonstrate that the multi-scale multi-sensor scheme proposed in this paper significantly improves disparity map estimation.

关键词： stereo vision light deterction and ranging(LiDAR) multi-sensor fusion multi-scale fusion disparity map

Sex-specific facilitation and reproduction of the gynodioecious cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides on the Himalaya-Hengduan mountains,SW China

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Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 247-255页

作者： Xufang Chen Yazhou Zhang Lishen qian Renyu Zhou Hang sun Jianguo Chen State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation Restoration and Ecological ServicesSouthwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnanChina

When benefiting other beneficiaries,cushion plants may reciprocally receive feedback effects.The feedback effects on different sex morphs,however,remains unclear.In this study,taking the gynodioecious Arenaria polytrichiodes as a model species,we aimed to assess the sex-specific facilitation intensity of cushion plant by measuring the beneficiary cover ratio,and to assess the potential costs in cushion reproductive functions by measuring the flower and fruit cover ratios.The total beneficiary cover ratio was similar between females and hermaphrodites.Females produced much less flowers but more fruits than hermaphrodites.These results suggested that females and hermaphrodites possess similar facilitation intensity,and female cushion A.polytrichoides may allocate more resources saved from pollen production to seed production,while hermaphrodites possibly allocate more resources to pollen production hence reducing seed production.The surface areas covered by beneficiaries produced less flowers and fruits than areas without beneficiaries.In addition,strong negative correlations between beneficiary cover and flower cover were detected for both females and hermaphrodites,but the correlation strength were similar for these two sex morphs.However,the correlation between beneficiary cover and fruit cover was only significantly negative for females,suggesting that beneficiary plants negatively affect fruit reproduction of females while have neutral effects on hermaphrodites.All the results suggest that to facilitate other beneficiaries can induce reproductive costs on cushion A.polytrichoides,with females possibly suffering greater cost than hermaphrodites.Such differentiation in reproductive costs between sex morphs,in long-term perspective,may imply sex imbalance in population dynamics.

关键词： Facilitation intensity Feedback effect Sex-specific facilitation Nurse plant Population dynamics Reproductive function

Full sexual maturity-cycle exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 17β-estradiol decreases reproductive capacity of zebrafish

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 580-592页

作者： Yongkang Zhang Yuanjun Jiang qian sun Meng Li Sheng Chen Jingyu Liang Chunsheng Liu College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

17β-Estradiol(E2)has been widely detected in natural water and treatment with E2 induces potential endocrine disrupting effects in fish.However,effects on fish fecundity and steroid system after treatment with environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 for the full sexual maturation cycle remain unclear.In this study,zebrafish were treatment with 0,10 or100 ng/L E2 from embryo to adult stage,and effects on gonadal development and differentiation,steroid hormone levels,transcription of genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver(HPG)axis in adults and fertilization rate of offspring were assessed.The results showed that treatment with E2 lead to increased number of feminization in zebrafish.In females,E2 decreased cumulative amount of spawning and inhibited the maturation of oocyte.In males,E2 inhibited the maturation and motility of sperm,as well as decreased the movement speed of sperm.These adverse effects on sperm might be responsible for the reduced fertilization observed in offspring.In addition,treatment with E2 changed the levels of steroid hormones in zebrafish gonad and altered the transcriptional levels of genes associated with HPG axis,which is responsible for the regulation of germ cells maturation and gonadal development in zebrafish.Overall,these results suggested that treatment with environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 for the full sexual maturity cycle resulted in adverse effects on reproduction in zebrafish.

关键词： Environmental estrogen Zebrafish Fecundity Gonadal development Endocrine disruption

Probabilistic seismic inversion based on physics-guided deep mixture density network

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1611-1631页

作者： qian-Hao sun Zhao-Yun Zong Xin Li National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China) Laoshan Laboratory CNOOC Research Institute Ltd.

Deterministic inversion based on deep learning has been widely utilized in model parameters estimation.Constrained by logging data, seismic data, wavelet and modeling operator, deterministic inversion based on deep learning can establish nonlinear relationships between seismic data and model parameters.However, seismic data lacks low-frequency and contains noise, which increases the non-uniqueness of the solutions. The conventional inversion method based on deep learning can only establish the deterministic relationship between seismic data and parameters, and cannot quantify the uncertainty of inversion. In order to quickly quantify the uncertainty, a physics-guided deep mixture density network(PG-DMDN) is established by combining the mixture density network(MDN) with the deep neural network(DNN). Compared with Bayesian neural network(BNN) and network dropout, PG-DMDN has lower computing cost and shorter training time. A low-frequency model is introduced in the training process of the network to help the network learn the nonlinear relationship between narrowband seismic data and low-frequency impedance. In addition, the block constraints are added to the PG-DMDN framework to improve the horizontal continuity of the inversion results. To illustrate the benefits of proposed method, the PG-DMDN is compared with existing semi-supervised inversion method. Four synthetic data examples of Marmousi II model are utilized to quantify the influence of forward modeling part, low-frequency model, noise and the pseudo-wells number on inversion results, and prove the feasibility and stability of the proposed method. In addition, the robustness and generality of the proposed method are verified by the field seismic data.

关键词： Deep learning Probabilistic inversion Physics-guided Deep mixture density network