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A new computational approach for modeling diffusion tractography in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 23-26页

作者： Harsha T.Garimella Reuben H.kraft Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA

computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each *** is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics operating in the *** this review paper,we offer some new perspectives on how the embedded element method can fill this gap and has the potential to connect a myriad of modeling *** embedded element method is a mesh superposition technique used within finite element *** method allows for the incorporation of axonal fiber tracts to be explicitly ***,we explore the use of the approach beyond its original goal of predicting axonal strain in brain *** explore the potential application of the embedded element method in areas of electrophysiology,neurodegeneration,neuropharmacology and *** conclude that this method has the potential to provide us with an integrated computational framework that can assist in developing improved diagnostic tools and regeneration technologies.

关键词： embedded elements finite element analysis computational biomechanics explicit axonal fiber tracts neural regeneration diffusion tractography

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Particle-size-dependent upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles in organic solvents and water at different excitation power densities

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Nano Research 2018年第12期11卷 6360-6374页

作者： Marco kraft christian Würth Verena Muhr Thomas Hirsch Ute Resch-Genger Federal Institute for Matefiab Research and Testing (BAM) Division1.2BiophotonicsRichard-Willstaetter-Str.1112489BerlinGermany Institute of Analytical chemistry Chemo-and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany

A systematic study of the luminescence properties of monodisperse β-NaYF4: 20% Yb3+, 2% Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UcNPs) with sizes ranging from 12–43 nm is presented utilizing steady-state and time-resolved fluorometry. Special emphasis was dedicated to the absolute quantification of size- and environment-induced quenching of upconversion luminescence (UcL) by high-energy O–H and c–H vibrations from solvent and ligand molecules at different excitation power densities (P). In this context, the still-debated population pathways of the 4F9/2 energy level of Er3+ were examined. Our results highlight the potential of particle size and P value for color tuning based on the pronounced near-infrared emission of 12 nm UcNPs, which outweighs the red Er3+ emission under “strongly quenched” conditions and accounts for over 50% of total UcL in water. Because current rate equation models do not include such emissions, the suitability of these models for accurately simulating all (de)population pathways of small UcNPs must be critically assessed. Furthermore, we postulate population pathways for the 4F9/2 energy level of Er3+, which correlate with the size-, environment-, and P-dependent quenching states of the higher Er3+ energy levels.

关键词： upconversion nanoparticle quenching diameter water cyclohexane

PcSK9 inhibitors: A new era of lipid lowering therapy

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World Journal of cardiology 2017年第2期9卷 76-91页

作者： Rahul chaudhary Jalaj Garg Neeraj Shah Andrew sumner Department of Medicine Sinai Hospital of BaltimoreJohns Hopkins University Division of cardiology Lehigh Valley Health Network

Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease(cVD). The recent American college of cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines on lipid management emphasize treatment of individuals at increased risk for developing cVD events with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors(statins) at doses proven to reduce cVD events. However, there are limited options for patients who are either intolerant to statin therapy, develop cVD despite being on maximally tolerated statin therapy, or have severe hypercholesterolemia. Recently the Food and Drug Administration approved two novel medications for low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol reduction: Evolocumab and Alirocumab. These agents target and inactivate proprotein convertase subtilsinkexin type 9(PcSK9), a hepatic protease that attaches and internalizes LDL receptors into lysosomes hence promoting their destruction. By preventing LDL receptor destruction, LDL-c levels can be lowered 50%-60% above that achieved by statin therapy alone. This review explores PcSK-9 biology and the mechanisms available to alter it; clinical trials targeting PcSK9 activity, and the current state of clinically available inhibitors of PcSK9.

关键词： Hyperlipidemia Statins Proprotein convertase subtilsin-kexin 类型 9

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帕拉博拉铜矿的摩电辅助汽车运输

矿业工程 1983年第11期 65-75页

作者： colin c.crosson H.B.sumner 杨有华南非帕拉博拉矿业公司南非帕拉博拉矿业公司生产经理总工程师

帕拉博拉矿业公司在过去十八年内,共开采矿岩96400万公吨(入选的矿石总量为32580万公吨)。现在,每周六个工作日,生产率为355,000公吨/日,其中,矿石为93,000公吨/日。目前,该矿深度为250米,计划本世纪后期开采深度为774米。燃料费用上涨... 详细信息

帕拉博拉矿业公司在过去十八年内,共开采矿岩96400万公吨(入选的矿石总量为32580万公吨)。现在,每周六个工作日,生产率为355,000公吨/日,其中,矿石为93,000公吨/日。目前,该矿深度为250米,计划本世纪后期开采深度为774米。燃料费用上涨,运输线又长,迫切要求改用150公吨汽车,以便从露天坑向上爬坡期间,使用

关键词：汽车车队兰特柴油发动机铜线汽车运输公路运输矿业公司轮马达博拉电动轮汽车电传动汽车货车汽车底盘帕拉铜矿

火星Thaumasia高原上具原始岩浆成分的岩墙:对Tharsis火山作用和水手大峡谷扩张的意义

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火星Thaumasia高原上具原始岩浆成分的岩墙:对Tharsis火山作用和...

cyclomatic complexity and Lines of code: Empirical Evidence of a Stable Linear Relationship

第十届全国月球科学与比较行星学陨石学与天体化学学术研讨...

作者：黄俊 c.S.Edwards B.H.N.Horgan P.R.christensen M.D.kraft 肖龙赵健楠中国地质大学(武汉)行星科学研究所 Mars Space Flight Facility School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287-6305USA

我们利用热发射成像系统（Thermal Emission Imaging System:THEMIS）,结构相机（context camera:cTX）,高分辨率科学相机（High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment:HiRISE）和火星小型成像光谱仪（compact ReconnaissanceImaging SpectrometerforMars:cRISM）的数据,在火星Thaumasia高原发现了几个暴露地表的岩墙。这些岩墙绵延数十到上百千米,平均宽度约为50米。这些岩墙呈典型的"雁列式"分布,它们切割了早先的地质单元,包括该地区广泛分布的皱脊。这些岩墙及与之相关的裂隙式喷发形成的岩石,相对于周围物质具有较高的热惯量（高出38%）,并且它们具有结实的形貌。这些岩墙含有富镁的橄榄石,一部分还含有高钙辉石,这些矿物指示形成这些岩墙的岩浆的成分较为原始。我们认为这些岩墙为该地区富含橄榄石的玄武岩岩浆的侵位提供了通道,并且这些岩浆可能来源于Tharsis地幔柱。这些观测结果为区域地质应力场对水手大峡谷扩张的促进提供了新的证据。

关键词：岩墙 Thaumasia高原火山作用火星

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2009年第3期2卷 137-143页

作者： Graylin JAY Joanne E. HALE Randy K. SMITH David HALE Nicholas A. kraft charles WARD 不详

Researchers have often commented on the high correlation between Mccabe’s cyclomatic complexity (cc) and lines of code (LOc). Many have believed this correlation high enough to justify adjusting cc by LOc or even substituting LOc for cc. However, from an empirical standpoint the relationship of cc to LOc is still an open one. We undertake the largest statistical study of this relationship to date. Employing modern regression techniques, we find the linearity of this relationship has been severely underestimated, so much so that cc can be said to have absolutely no explana-tory power of its own. This research presents evidence that LOc and cc have a stable practically perfect linear rela-tionship that holds across programmers, languages, code paradigms (procedural versus object-oriented), and software processes. Linear models are developed relating LOc and cc. These models are verified against over 1.2 million randomly selected source files from the SourceForge code repository. These files represent software projects from three target languages (c, c++, and Java) and a variety of programmer experience levels, software architectures, and de-velopment methodologies. The models developed are found to successfully predict roughly 90% of cc’s variance by LOc alone. This suggest not only that the linear relationship between LOc and cc is stable, but the aspects of code complexity that cc measures, such as the size of the test case space, grow linearly with source code size across lan-guages and programming paradigms.

关键词： Software complexity Software Metrics cyclomatic complexity

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泥土对海浪的响应

水利水电科技进展 1988年第S2期 43-59页

作者： L.M.kraft J.N.Suhayada J.E:Marin S.c.Helfrich 汤君久

波浪引起的底部压变力化能造泥土运动,尤其是在松软的三角洲沉积物中,它影响着近海装备的没计和实施。包括波浪—海底相互作用的一个分层的粘弹性模型,被用来进行波浪衰减,波高,波周期,水深与泥土性质等对泥土运动的和波浪和泥床运动之... 详细信息

波浪引起的底部压变力化能造泥土运动,尤其是在松软的三角洲沉积物中,它影响着近海装备的没计和实施。包括波浪—海底相互作用的一个分层的粘弹性模型,被用来进行波浪衰减,波高,波周期,水深与泥土性质等对泥土运动的和波浪和泥床运动之间相位差的影响参数研究。用一个实例表明由周期性荷载引起的,对泥土阻力的降低影响。分析适合于密西西比三角洲的典型条件。本文中提出的结果将有助于海洋学家、土工工程师和结构设计人员建立一个关于初步设计准则的和缩小去选择最终设计准则所需要分析数字的合理范围。

关键词：水深相位差波浪作用海床波周期水文要素波浪衰减

斑蝥素贴剂结合维生素c静脉注射辅助治疗带状疱疹1例(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2011年第4期9卷 410-413页

作者： Martin Schencking Karin kraft PAEN clinic of Integrative Medicine chair of Naturopathy Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Rostock Medical School

The diagnosis and therapy for herpes zoster(HZ)are frequently associated with consultation of a general practitioner and with hospital *** there are several serious complications of zoster such as ophthalmic,splanchnic,cerebral,and motor conditions,the most common and feared in immunocompetent adults is postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Its definition is *** data support the distinction between acute herpetic neuralgia(within 30 d of rash onset),subacute herpetic neuralgia(30 to 120 d after rash onset),and postherpetic neuralgia(defined as pain lasting at least 120 d from rash onset)[1-3].PHN is classified as a neuropathic pain that is associated with mechanical allodynia where normally innocuous tactile stimuli are perceived as painful[2].In actual studies it is reported that the incidence of HZ is 3.2 to 4.1 in 1 000 person-years[4,5].

关键词：疱疹,带状斑蝥素抗坏血酸病例报告

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单航天器激光天文动力学计划的科学目标与基本方案

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紫金山天文台台刊 2004年第Z1期22卷 1-20页

作者：严俊倪维斗李广宇夏炎包纲潮见幸江王海涛 Hansjrg Dittus claus Lmmerzahl AlbrechtRüdiger étienne Samain Diana Shaul Timothy sumner 中国科学院紫金山天文台台湾清华大学物理系南京航空航天大学测量与控制工程系 ZARM Univ. of Bremen Bremen 28359 Max-Planck-Institut Observatoire de la cte D'Azur Caussols 06460 Imperial college London SW7 2BW

单航天器激光天文动力学空间计划(ASTROD Ⅰ)是激光天文动力学空间计划(ASTROD:Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices)的第一步。ASTROD Ⅰ空间计划概念是使用在太阳轨道上的一个无拖曳航天器和地面站以双向... 详细信息

单航天器激光天文动力学空间计划(ASTROD Ⅰ)是激光天文动力学空间计划(ASTROD:Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices)的第一步。ASTROD Ⅰ空间计划概念是使用在太阳轨道上的一个无拖曳航天器和地面站以双向激光干涉跟踪和脉冲计时测距的方法,精确地探讨天文动力学,检测相对论与时空基本定律,改进探测引力波的灵敏度以及更准确地测定太阳、行星和小行星的参数。ASTROD Ⅰ在天文动力学方面,和检测相对论与时空基本定律方面,精确度将比现在提高3个数量级;在测定太阳、行星和小行星参数方面,精确度将比现在提高1-3个数量级。ASTROD Ⅰ对引力波的探测灵敏度,可以比现在的射电波追踪航天器的引力波探测灵敏度稍作提高。航天器可由长征四号乙(cZ-4B)运载火箭发射,从低绕地转移轨道直接进入绕日轨道,经由金星引力助推两次,于发射后三百多天抵达太阳对面从事相对论Shapiro效应测量。乐观的发射日期可在2012年、2013年或2015年。单航天器激光天文动力学空间计划的推动,可以对重要关键技术如无拖曳航天、弱光锁相、空间光通讯等的发展起到带头作用。本计划的第一阶段预研究,主要由中国和欧洲的德国、英国和法国科学家合作进行。本文综述ASTROD Ⅰ的科学目标和基本方案,作为第一阶段预研究分项讨论的基础。

关键词：天文动力学空间计划激光测距相对论检测太阳系测量

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