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Overview of priorities,threats,and challenges to biodiversity conservation in the southern Philippines

Regional Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 203-213页

作者： Angelo Rellama AGDUMA Francisco Gil GARCIA Ma.Teodora CABASAN Jonald PIMENTEL Renee Jane ELE Meriam RUBIO Sedra MURRAY Bona Abigail HILARIO-HUSAIN Kier Celestial Dela CRUZ sumaira ABDULLAH Shiela Mae BALASE Krizler Cejuela TANALGO Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines Mindanao Open Biodiversity Information Project(MOBIOS+) c/o Ecology and Conservation Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesCollege of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources Guangxi UniversityNanning530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China Department of Agricultural Economics College of BusinessDevelopment Economics and ManagementUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan 9407the Philippines Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines Practical Genomics La boratory Department of BiologyCollege of ScienceDe La Salle University-ManilaManila1004the Philippines

Human activities have severely impacted on many species and ***,understanding the local biodiversity situation is crucial for implementing effective biodiversity conservation *** in the southern Philippines is home to various unique species,particularly in its pristine ***,the available biodiversity data for many terrestrial vertebrates and key areas remain *** address this issue,we synthesized published literature related to biodiversity from 2000 to 2022 in ***,this analysis used four key terrestrial vertebrates(amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals)in Mindanao as research *** to our findings,there was a significant and positive correlation between the number of biodiversity studies and species *** terms of species richness,birds were the most recorded group(n=334 spp.),followed by reptiles(n=108 spp.),mammals(n=70 spp.),and amphibians(n=52 spp.).We also found that the number of endemic and threatened species varies geographically and across taxonomic ***,we discovered a significant disparity in the information available on biodiversity in different provinces of *** example,the western provinces of Mindanao have had no record of biodiversity for more than two ***,we found that the changes in tree cover loss were consistent with biodiversity records,but this correlation is only significant for ***,we highlighted some critical threats and challenges to biodiversity,including deforestation,agricultural expansion,mining,and their impact on biodiversity conservation in *** findings suggested that biodiversity conservation should focus not only on areas with high levels of biodiversity but also on areas lacking biodiversity *** do this,we call for strengthening collaboration among various institutions and digitizing and centralizing of information related to *** gaining a deeper understanding of biodiversit

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Tree cover loss Mindanao Terrestrial vertebrates Endemic and threatened species

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Biotin biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: physiology, biochemistry and molecular intervention

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Protein & Cell 2011年第9期2卷 691-695页

作者： Wanisa Salaemae Al azhar Grant W.Booker Steven W.Polyak School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences University of AdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia

Biotin is an important micronutrient that serves as an essential enzyme *** obtain biotin either through de novo synthesis or by active uptake from exogenous *** are unusual amongst bacteria in that their primary source of biotin is through de novo *** we review the importance of biotin biosynthesis in the lifecycle of *** screens designed to identify key metabolic processes have highlighted a role for the biotin biosynthesis in bacilli growth,infection and survival during the latency *** studies help to establish the biotin biosynthetic pathway as a potential drug target for new anti-tuberculosis agents.

关键词： synthesis. phase. synthesis

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Ecological connectivity in fragmented agricultural landscapes and the importance of scattered trees and small patches

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 274-289页

作者： Darrel Chin Fung Tiang Andrew Morris Mathew Bell Christopher NGibbins Badrul azhar Alex MLechner School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangorMalaysia MidCoast Council 2 Biripi WayTareeNSW 2430Australia Faculty of Forestry&Environment Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health School of GeographyUniversity of LincolnLincoln LN67TSUK

Background:Fragmentation and habitat loss can restrict species movement and reduce connectivity,negatively impacting *** the overall connectivity of an area can inform better management of human modified *** connectivity modelling methods seldom incorporate fine-scale movement patterns associated with movement between fine-scaled structural connectivity elements such as scattered trees,roadside corridors and small patches of *** study aims to characterise connectivity within the Karuah-Myall catchments,a typical woodland ecosystem that is fragmented by agriculture,using least-cost path analysis and a graph-theoretic approach;it focuses on how fine-scaled vegetation such as scattered trees support *** mapped scattered(and paddock)trees within this agricultural landscape where the main human modified land use was *** modelled connectivity for a general representative woodland species using an interpatch dispersal distance and gap crossing threshold,and resistance from different land cover *** gap crossing distance threshold was used to model movement between fine-scaled vegetation *** compared the least-cost paths modelled with and without scattered ***:Our results show that by excluding scattered trees,least-cost paths across the cleared pasture landscape did not reflect the types of movement patterns typically observed from field studies,such as those associated with a foray-search strategy used by small and medium mammals and *** modelling also shows that the KaruahMyall catchments are well connected and provide value to biodiversity beyond the catchment borders,by connecting coastal vegetation to the Great Eastern Ranges national wildlife corridor ***:Connectivity models that exclude fine-scale landscape features such as scattered trees and small,linear patches risk misrepresenting connectivity *** of regional-scale connectivity can b

关键词： Scattered trees Landscape connectivity Gap crossing Fragmentation Agricultural landscape

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Improvement of Artificial Foldable Wing Models by Mimicking the Unfolding/Folding Mechanism of a Beetle Hind Wing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2010年第2期7卷 134-141页

作者： azhar Muhammad Quoc Viet Nguyen Hoon Cheol Park Do Y.Hwang Doyoung Byun Nam Seo Goo Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University National Research Laboratory for Biomimetics and Microsystems Konkuk University Artificial Muscle Research Center Konkuk University Departmenet of Aerospace Engineering Konkuk University

In an attempt to realize a flapping wing micro-air vehicle with morphing wings, we report on improvements to our previousfoldable artificial hind *** hinges, which were implemented to mimic the bending zone of a beetle hind wing, weremade of small composite hinge plates and tiny aluminum *** buck-tails of rivets were flared after the hinge plates wereassembled with the rivets so that the folding/unfolding motions could be completed in less time, and the straight shape of theartificial hind wing could be maintained after *** and unfolding actions were triggered by electrically-activatedShape Memory Alloy (SMA) *** wing folding, the actuation characteristics of the SMA wire actuator were modifiedthrough heat *** a series of flapping tests, we confirmed that the artificial wings did not fold back and arbitrarilyfluctuate during the flapping motion.

关键词： hind wing unfolding folding shape memory alloy folding ratio artificial wing

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Water-induced softening behavior of clay-rich sandstone in Lanzhou Water Supply Project,China

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第3期12卷 557-570页

作者： Muhammad Usman azhar Hui Zhou Fanjie Yang Adnan Younis Xinjing Lu Houguo Fang Yijun Geng State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Geoscience University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd.Zhengzhou450003China

The strength of clay-rich sandstone decreases significantly when in contact with water due to softening *** scenario can pose a severe threat to the stability of water diversion tunnels during construction and operation *** address the issues related to water-induced softening in clay-rich sandstone zones in a water diversion tunnel of Lanzhou Water Supply Project,the microscopic and micromechanical variations of rocks due to increasing water content in two different zones *** A and B,were determined by various testing methods,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thin section microscopy,micro-indentation test,sonic velocity test,and slake durability *** microscopic analysis confirms the presence of montmorillonite mineral which is the dominant problematic geomaterial in engineering *** integrity and durability of clay-rich sandstone were determined with sonic velocity and slake durability tests to calibrate the results obtained by the micro-indentation *** shows that the elastic modulus and hardness of clay-rich sandstone decrease with the increase of saturation time,up to 144 h,which is more significant and rapid during early stage of *** 144 h of saturation,the elastic modulus decreases by 89% and 97%,and the hardness decreases by 89% and 99% for zones A and B sandstones,*** results of slake durability and sonic velocity indicate that zone A sandsto ne remains 56.19% durability after 144 h of saturation,while zone B sandstone loses its durability merely after 72 h of *** clay-rich sandstone starts to dissolve in water when the saturation time exceeds 144 *** significant decreases in strength and durability of clay-rich sandstone due to water-induced softening are serious threats to tunnel *** improvements in the strength of surrounding rock mass by grouting and permeability by installation of drainage galleries can reduce the damage caused by wat

关键词： Clay-rich sandstone Microscopic properties Micro-indentation test Elastic modulus Slake durability index

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Heritability and correlation analysis of morphological and yield traits in genetically modified cotton

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Journal of Cotton Research 2020年第3期3卷 167-175页

作者： REHMAN Abdul MUSTAFA Nida DU Xiongming azhar Muhammad Tehseen Zhengzhou Research Base State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory ofCotton BiologyAnyang 455000China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan School of Agriculture Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Background:Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot *** crop has a significant role in GDP of ***,the two-years research was conducted to estimate heritability and association among various yield contributing parameters of cotton,i.e.,plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,seed cotton yield,boll weight,seed index,ginning outturn(GOT),fiber length,fiber strength,and fiber ***:Association analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive correlation with plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,GOT,staple length and fiber *** length and fiber strength were negatively linked with each *** of heritability were high for all of the traits except the number of sympodial branches per plant and boll ***:The parent IUB-222 was found to be the best for plant height,the number of bolls per plant,boll weight,GOT,seed cotton yield,and seed *** genotypes namely,NIAB-414 and VH-367 were identified as the best parents for fiber length,strength,and *** the crosses NIAB-414×IUB-222 was the best for the number of bolls per plant,seed index,seed cotton yield and fiber fineness,whereas,the cross of NIAB-414×CIM-632 was good for plant *** combination of A555×CIM-632 was the best for the number of sympodial branches per plant,boll weight,fiber length,and strength,and VH-367×CIM-632 proved the best for GOT.

关键词： Genetic correlation Genetic variability Inheritance Productivity Upland cotton

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A Porous Nano-Micro-Composite as a High-Performance Bi-Functional Air Electrode with Remarkable Stability for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第10期12卷 87-102页

作者： Yasir Arafat Muhammad Rizwan azhar Yijun Zhong Xiaomin Xu Moses OTadé Zongping Shao WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering(WASM‑MECE)Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWA 6027Australia State Key Laboratory of Materials‑Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China

The development of bi-functional electrocatalyst with high catalytic activity and stable performance for both oxygen evolution/reduction reactions(OER/ORR)in aqueous alkaline solution is key to realize practical application of zinc-air batteries(ZABs).In this study,we reported a new porous nano-micro-composite as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for ZABs,devised by the in situ growth of metal-organic framework(MOF)nanocrystals onto the micrometersized Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3(BSCF)perovskite *** carbonization,MOF was converted to porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages and ultrafine cobalt oxides and CoN4 nanoparticles dispersing inside the carbon nanocages,which further anchored on the surface of BSCF *** homogeneously dispersed BSCF perovskite particles in the surfactant;subsequently,ZIF-67 nanocrystals were grown onto the BSCF *** this way,leaching of metallic or organic species in MOFs and the aggregation of BSCF were effectively suppressed,thus maximizing the number of active sites for improving *** BSCF in turn acted as catalyst to promote the graphitization of carbon during pyrolysis,as well as to optimize the transition metal-tocarbon ratio,thus enhancing the ORR catalytic activity.A ZAB fabricated from such air electrode showed outstanding performance with a potential gap of only 0.83 V at 5 mA cm-2 for OER/***,no obvious performance degradation was observed for the continuous charge-discharge operation for 1800 cycles over an extended period of 300 h.

关键词： BSCF perovskites ZIF-67 Porous carbon Zn-air batteries Oxygen evolution reaction Oxygen reduction reaction

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Evaluation of potential RNA-interference-target genes to control cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis （Hemiptera： Pseudococcuidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 778-786页

作者： Arif M. Khan Muhammad Ashfaq azhar A. Khan Muhammad T. Naseem Shahid Mansoor National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Biotechnology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Biodiversity Institute of Ontario University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Bahadur Campus Layyah Pakistan

RNA interference （RNAi） of vital insect genes is a potential tool for targeted pest control. However, selection of the right target genes is a challenge because the RNAi efficacy is known to vary among insect species. Cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, is a phloem-feeding economically important crop pest. We evaluated the RNAi of 2 vital genes, Bursicon （PsBur） and V-ATPase （Ps V-ATPase） as potential targets in P. solenopsis for its control. PCR fragments of PsBur and PsV-ATPase were amplified using cDNA synthesized from the total RNA. The PCR amplicons were cloned into Potato virus X （PVX） to develop recombinant PVX for the inoculation ofNicotiana tabacum plants for bioassays with healthy P. solenopsis. Reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT- PCR） was used to validate the expression oftransgenes in the recombinant-PVX-inoculated plants （treated）, and suppression of the target genes in the mealybugs exposed to them. The RT-PCR confirmed the expression of transgenes in the treated plants. Mealybug individuals on treated plants either died or showed physical deformities. Further, the population of mealybug was significantly reduced by feeding on N. tabacum expressing RNAi triggers against PsBur and Ps V-A TPase. The results conclude that RNAi is activated in P. solenopsis by feeding on N. tabacum expressing RNAi triggering elements of PsBur and Ps V-ATPase genes through recombinant PVX vector. Further, V-ATPase and Bursicon genes are potential targets for RNAi-mediated control ofP. solenopsis.

关键词： insect control phloem feeders Potato virus X RT-PCR transgenic crops

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Structural,electrical,dielectric and magnetic properties of Mn-Nd substituted CoFeO3 nano sized multiferroics

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第4期26卷 325-333页

作者： Abdul Aziz E.Ahmed Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Muhammad azhar Khan Nazia Karamat Irshad Ali Department of Physics Bahauddin Zakariya University Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University

A series of Mn x Co1-xFe1-yNdyO3(where x=0.0–1.0 & y=0.0–0.1) multiferroic nanocrystals was synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)while morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The electrical resistivity was observed to increase from 2.14 * 107to 8.77 * 109Ω-cm and activation energy was found to increase from 0.64 to 0.75 e V, while the drift mobility decreased from 4.75 * 10-13to 1.27 * 10-15cm2V-1S-1by the substitution of Mn and Nd contents. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss factor decrease with frequency and Mn-Nd contents. The saturation magnetization was increased from 34 to 70 emu g-1while the coercivity decreased from 705 to 262 Oe with the increase of *** increase in electrical resistivity and saturation magnetization while decrease in dielectric parameters and coercivity make these nanomaterials suitable for applications in microwave devices and longitudinal magnetic recording media.

关键词： Nanostructured materials XRD Dielectric properties Electrical properties Magnetic properties

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Melioidosis:a rare cause of anterior chest wall abscess

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第3期3卷 241-243页

作者： Rashidi Ahmad azhar Amir Hamzah Ahmad Kasfi Abdul Rahman Phee Kheng Cheah Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medical SciencesUSM Health Campus Department of Surgery School of Medical SciencesUSM Health Campus Infectious Unit Department of MedicineHospital Kuala Terengganu

Melioidosis is an unusual tropical infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei,which was formerly known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Melioidosis is characterized by abscess formation and it may manifest in any part of the human body,however,musculoskeletal melioidosis is uncommon and chest wall melioidosis is very rare. To determine the exact organism based solely on clinical presentation poses a great challenge to the ***,delay administration of antibiotic may be *** describe a diabetic patient who had anterior chest wall melioidosis that mimics Staphylococcus aureus infection.A description of his presentation and management,along with a review of literature is presented.

关键词： Melioidosis Chest wall abscess Diagnositic challenge

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