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Ectomycorrhizal and Saprotrophic Fungal Communities Vary Across mm-Scale Soil Microsites Differing in Phosphatase Activity

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 344-359页

作者： Aaron GODIN Denise BROOKS sue j. grayston Melanie D. j.NES Biology Department University of British Columbia Okanagan campus Kelowna V1V 1V7 (Canada) Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 (Canada)

To understand nutrient cycling in soils, soil processes and microorganisms need be better characterized. To determine whether specific trophic groups of fungi are associated with soil enzyme activity, we used soil imprinting to guide mm-scale sampling from microsites with high and low phosphatase activities in birch/Douglas-fir stands. Study 1 involved sampling one root window per site at 12 sites of different ages(stands);study 2 was conducted at one of the stem-exclusion stands, at which 5 root windows had been installed. Total fungal and ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungal terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism(TRFLP)fingerprints differed between high-and low-phosphatase activity microsites at 8 of 12 root windows across 12 sites. Where differences were detected, fewer EM fungi were detected in high-than low-phosphatase activity microsites. Using 5 root windows at one site,next-generation sequencing detected similar fungal communities across microsites, but the ratio of saprotrophic to EM fungal reads was higher in high-phosphatase activity microsites in the two windows that had low EM fungal richness. In windows with differences in fungal communities, both studies indicated that EM fungi were less successful than saprotrophic fungi in colonizing fine-scale,organic matter-rich microsites. Fine-scale sampling linked with in situ detection of enzyme activity revealed relationships between soil fungal communities and phosphatase activity that could not be observed at the scales employed by conventional approaches, thereby contributing to the understanding of fine-scale phosphorus cycling in forest soils.

关键词： ectomycorrhizae fine scale fungal communities phosphatase root windows saprotrophic fungi soil imprinting

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Data envelopment analysis for highway asset investment assessment

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j.urnal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第1期8卷 117-128页

作者： j.shua Qiang Li sue McNeil School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19702USA

Highway agencies have been using many of the elements of asset management with the support of various decision-making *** determine the most effective investment strategy with scarce resources,the integration,and hence better utilization,of existing tools and practices across asset classes is generally *** paper applies data envelopment analysis(DEA)to benchmark different highway investment scenarios using existing data or data readily available through existing *** asset types,pavements,bridges,and traffic signage,are *** investment analysis results from the Highway Economic Requirements System State Version(HERS-ST)application,the PONTIS bridge management system software,and purpose-built traffic signage spreadsheet are obtained to capture the changes of performance measures under various budget scenarios and are further used as the inputs for the DEA process to benchmark investment scenarios for each individual ***,the performance measures and budget levels are assembled in the Asset Manager-NT software,whose results are input into DEA to benchmark cross-assets resource allocation *** for the management of highway network is addressed via case studies in a systematic manner that recognizes the tradeoffs among different funding periods and obj.ctives such as preserving existing investments,safety,roughness and user *** study has established a preliminary implementable framework of highway asset management by linking DEA approach and current widely used decision-making tools for more efficient investments within and cross assets,and better understand of the tradeoffs,costs and consequences of various asset management decisions.

关键词： Highway asset management Resource allocation Data envelopment analysis(DEA) Decision-making tools

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Recent advances of Cu-based hole transport materials and their interface engineering concerning different processing methods in perovskite solar cells

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 459-476,I0010页

作者： Tengling Ye Xiaochen Sun Xiaoru Zhang sue Hao Department of Applied Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a much charming photovoltaic technology and have triggered enormous studies worldwide, owing to their high efficiency, low cost and ease of preparation. The power conversion efficiency has rapidly increased by more than 6 times to the current 25.5% in the past decade. Hole transport materials (HTMs) are an indispensable part of PSCs, which great affect the efficiency, the cost and the stability of PSCs. Inorganic Cu-based p-type semiconductors are a kind of representative inorganic HTMs in PSCs due to their unique advantages of rich variety, low cost, excellent hole mobility, adj.stable energy levels, good stability, low temperature and scalable processing ability. In this review, the research progress in new materials and the control of photoelectric properties of Cu-based inorganic HTMs were first summarized systematically. And then, concerning different processing methods, advances of the interface engineering of Cu-based hole transport layers (HTLs) in PSCs were detailly discussed. Finally, the challenges and future trends of Cu-based inorganic HTMs and their interface engineering in PSCs were analyzed.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Inorganic hole transport materials Hole transport layer CuI CuSCN

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Keap1 eye on the target:chemoprevention of liver cancer

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1331-1342页

作者： Melinda sue YATES Thomas Wells KENSLER Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland 21205USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide,causing nearly 600 000 deaths each *** risk of HCC due to chronicinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to dietary aflatoxins is respon-sible for many of these *** strategies targeting HBV infection andaflatoxin exposure could dramatically impact the rates of *** HBVvaccination programs have begun in some high-risk *** to reduceaflatoxin contamination in food stores have also been ***,complete elimination of aflatoxin contamination might not be *** thisreason,chemoprevention strategies which alter aflatoxin disposition are a practi-cal strategy to reduce the incidence of HCC in populations with high dietaryaflatoxin *** mechanisms of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesisare well *** knowledge provides the basis for evaluation of both expo-sures to aflatoxin,as well as modulation of aflatoxin disposition by *** of aflatoxin DNA damage and toxicity as well as other metabo-lites can be used as biomarkers to evaluate modulation of aflatoxin *** of aflatoxin disposition can be achieved through induction of conj.-gating and cytoprotective *** of these enzymes are regulated throughKelch ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-antioxi-dant response element (ARE) signaling,making this pathway an important mo-lecular target for *** studies have identified several classesof chemopreventive agents which induce cytoprotective *** inducersinclude phenolic antioxidants,dithiolethiones,isothiocyanates,and ***,clinical interventions have shown that inducers of Keap 1-Nrf2-ARE signaling increase cytoprotective enzyme expression,resulting in modula-tion of aflatoxin *** work remains to be done in order to takepromising chemopreventive agents from preclinical evaluation to

关键词： chemoprevention Kelch ECH associating protein 1 Nrf2 sulforaphane oltipraz triterpenoids dithiolethiones hepatocellular carcinoma

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Climate change impacts on environmental geosciences: Introduction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 361-362页

作者： Lawal Billa sue Walker School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of NottinghamMalaysia Campus Department of Soil Crop and Climate ScienceUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein Campus

Climate change and its impacts have become topical issues of global news,scientific research and *** Geosciences incorporate the various disciplines of geosciences and their multifaceted interactions with *** discussions on the interaction of climate change,geosciences and environment may often be blur,and Schmidt-Thoméet al.(2010)stated that“Often past climate changes that can be deduced from geological records may help in understanding the speed of potential climate change effects,*** quickly have sea levels changed,how drastic has nature reacted to ups and downs in temperature,*** analyses of past events help in giving outlooks on potential changes in our living *** is also of important to understand the magnitude and potential effects of extreme events,such as droughts and floods”.

关键词： Climate change environmental geosciences

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Influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the differentiation of hypoxic/ischemic brainderived neural stem cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第7期4卷 492-496页

作者： Zhengrong Peng sue Wang Pingtian Xiao Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410008 Hunan Province China

BACKGROUND： It has been previously shown that hyperbaric oxygen may promote proliferation of neural stem cells and reduce death of endogenous neural stem cells （NSCs）. OBj.CTIVE： To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the differentiation of hypoxic/ischemic brain-derived NSCs into neuron-like cells and compare with high-concentration oxygen and high pressure. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro contrast study, performed at Laboratory of Neurology, Central South University between j.nuary and May 2006. MATERIALS： A hyperbaric oxygen chamber （YLC 0.5/1A） was provided by Wuhan Shipping Design Research Institute; mouse anti-rat microtubule-associated protein 2 monoclonal antibody by j.ngmei Company, Beij.ng; mouse anti-rat glial fibrillary acidic protein monoclonal antibody by Neo Markers, USA; mouse anti-rat galactocerebroside monoclonal antibody by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., USA; and goat anti-mouse fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled secondary antibody by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Brain-derived NSCs isolated from brain tissues of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were cloned and passaged, and assigned into five groups： normal control, model, high-concentration oxygen, high pressure, and hyperbaric oxygen groups. Cells in the four groups, excluding the normal control group, were incubated in serum-containing DMEM/F12 culture medium. Hypoxic/ischemic models of NSCs were established in an incubator comprising 93% N2, 5% 002, and 2% 02. Thereafter, cells were continuously cultured as follows： compressed air （0.2 MPa, 1 hour, once a day） in the high pressure group, compressed air ＋ a minimum of 80% 02 in the hyperbaric oxygen group, and a minimum of 80% Q2 in the high-concentration oxygen group. Cells in the normal control and model groups were cultured as normal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 7 after culture, glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, and galactocerebroside immunofluorescence staining

关键词： hyperbaric oxygen brain-derived neural stem cells differentiation hypoxic/ischemicmodel

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Fabrication of C@MoxTi1-xO2-δ nanocrystalline with functionalized interface as efficient and robust PtRu catalyst support for methanol electrooxidation

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第1期29卷 7-14,I0001页

作者： j.along Li Lei Zhao Xifei Li sue Hao Zhenbo Wang MIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyNo.92 West-Da Zhi StreetHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048ShaanxiChina

A core shell structured C@MoxTi1-xO2-δnanocrystal with a functionalized interface(C@MTNC-FI)was fabricated via the hydrothermal method with subsequent annealing derived from tetrabutyl *** formation of anatase TiO2 was inhibited by the simultaneous presence of the hydrothermal etching/regrowth process,infiltration of Mo dopants and carbon coating,which endows the C@MTNC-FI with an ultrafine crystalline architecture that has a Mo-functionalized interface and carbon-coated *** Ru nanoparticles(NPs)were supported on C@MTNC-FI by employing a microwave-assisted polyol process(MAPP).The obtained Pt Ru/C@MTNC-FI catalyst has 2.68 times higher mass activity towards methanol electrooxidation than that of the un-functionalized catalyst(Pt Ru/C@TNC)and 1.65 times higher mass activity than that of Pt Ru/C catalyst with over 25%increase in *** improved catalytic performance is due to several aspects including ultrafine crystals of TiO2 with abundant grain boundaries,Mofunctionalized interface with enhanced electron interactions,and core shell architecture with excellent electrical transport *** work suggests the potential application of an interface-functionalized crystalline material as a sustainable and clean energy solution.

关键词： Interface functionalization TiO2 Nanocrystalline Mo doping Core–shell PtRu catalyst Methanol electrooxidation

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肺炎衣原体感染

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国外医学（流行病学．传染病学分册） 1993年第3期20卷 121-124页

作者： grayston j.T 王耀宗

肺炎衣原体为衣原体属中的一个新种,只有一个菌株,即TWAR。肺炎衣原体不仅为呼吸道疾病的常见致病菌,引起肺炎、支气管炎等,而且与动脉硬化性心血管疾病的发病密切相关。本文就有关TWAR感染的病原学特征、流行病学、临床综合征、实验诊... 详细信息

肺炎衣原体为衣原体属中的一个新种,只有一个菌株,即TWAR。肺炎衣原体不仅为呼吸道疾病的常见致病菌,引起肺炎、支气管炎等,而且与动脉硬化性心血管疾病的发病密切相关。本文就有关TWAR感染的病原学特征、流行病学、临床综合征、实验诊断和治疗等方面的最新认识作了概述。

关键词：肺炎衣原体感染

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A novel inexpensive conductive material:Er-modified maifanite by gaseous penetration technology

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2019年第3期37卷 329-333页

作者： Liying Qi sue Hao Suisheng Li Tiancheng Sun Xinrong Liu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

Aiming to solve the problem of corrosion and high cost of the conductive fillers, the powders with the properties of anti-oxidation, corrosion resistance and thermal stability should be developed. A new modification technology, rare earth gaseous penetration, was applied to enhance the conductivity of maifanite in this paper, and the mechanism for improving the conductivity of maifanite effectively was speculated in detail for the variations of the composition, structure and morphology between the original and Er-penetration maifanite powders. The results of the resistivity show that Er-penetration can really improve the conductivity of maifanite powders. When the penetration temperature is 500 ℃, the resistivity of maifanite surprisingly declines to 93.2 Ω·m. Moreover, XRD and XPS patterns display that the cations in maifanite are substituted by Er^(3+) successfully, resulting in the production of electrons in the system, which is the key reason to heighten the conductivity of maifanite. Most importantly, Erpenetration maifanite, whose price is really low, can replace the expensive conductive powders and be used in the electronic industry to decrease the cost of the electronic devices.

关键词： Ceramics Maifanite Electrical properties Gaseous penetration technology Rare earths

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Examining the practical limits of batch effect-correction algorithms:When should you care about batch effects?

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j.urnal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第9期46卷 433-443页

作者： Longj.an Zhou Andrew Chi-Hau sue Wilson Wen Bin Goh School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin30072China School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive637551Singapore

Batch effects are technical sources of variation and can confound *** many performance ranking exercises have been conducted to establish the best batch effect-correction algorithm(BECA),we hold the viewpoint that the notion of best is ***,alternative questions beyond the simplistic notion of "best" are also interesting:are BECAs robust against various degrees of confounding and if so,what is the limit?Using two different methods for simulating class(phenotype) and batch effects and taking various representative datasets across both genomics(RNA-Seq) and proteomics platforms,we demonstrate that under situations where sample classes and batch factors are moderately confounded,most BECAs are remarkably robust and only weakly affected by upstream normalization *** observation is consistently supported across the multitude of test *** do have limits:When sample classes and batch factors are strongly confounded,BECA performance declines,with variable performance in precision,recall and also batch *** also report that while conventional normalization methods have minimal impact on batch effect correction,they do not affect downstream statistical feature selection,and in strongly confounded scenarios,may even outperform *** other words,removing batch effects is no guarantee of optimal functional ***,this study suggests that simplistic performance ranking exercises are quite trivial,and all BECAs are compromises in some context or another.

关键词： Batch effects Bioinformatics Feature selection Normalization Statistics

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