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Advances of nanotechnologies for hydraulic fracturing of coal seam gas reservoirs:potential applications and some limitations in Australia

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第2期9卷 1-18页

作者： Hannah Marsden sudeshna basu Alberto Striolo Melanie MacGregor Department of Chemical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes BvdMawson LakesSA 5195Australia Department of Earth Sciences University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BSUK School of Chemical Biological and Materials EngineeringUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science&Technology College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSA 5042Australia

Some of the most promising potential applications of nanotechnology to hydraulic fracturing of coal seam gas(CSG)are reviewed with a focus on Australian CSG *** propitious applications were identifed:(1)Nanoparticle enhanced viscoelastic surfactants(VES)fracturing fuids to prevent fuid loss by up to 30%,made possible by the formation of pseudo-flter cakes and reducing the viscosity of the VES ***,there is no requirement of clay control additives or biocides.(2)Nano-proppants to extend fracture networks and reduce proppant embedment by introducing them prior to the emplacement of larger *** Ash nanoparticles can be particularly efective because of their high sphericity and mechanical strength.(3)Nanoparticle-coated proppants,to mitigate the migration of particle fnes by restricting them close to their source by adsorption,with MgO being the most *** use of nanotechnology in hydraulic fracturing applications is currently hindered due to a discordant regulatory environment compounded by the cost of the nanoparticles themselves,as well as,a lack of feld data to validate the technology under real downhole *** the necessary feld tests are unlikely to be conducted for as long as abundant natural gas is available,exploratory studies could pave the way for future applications.

关键词： Coal bed methane Nanoparticles Fracturing fuids Proppant Natural gas

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A Brief Study of the Universe

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第2期3卷 137-152页

作者： Subir Kumar basu Thakur sudeshna Mukerji Department of Mathematics Jadavpur University Kolkata India

In the present study, an oscillatory model of the universe is proposed wherein the universe undergoes a sequence of big bang, expansion, contraction, big bang—repeated ad infinitum. The universe comprises of a “World” and an “Antiworld” in both of which matter operates in the positive time zone and antimatter in the negative time zone. Big bang is predicted as the violent encounter between matter and antimatter. It is suggested that antimatter has negative mass and is hugely abundant. It is also shown why it is extremely rare in spite of its abundance. It is predicted that a built in transformation converts matter to antimatter and vice versa. Finally, it is established that symmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe is maintained throughout.

关键词： Cosmology

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