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Evidence of the oldest extant vascular plant(horsetails)from the Indian Cenozoic

植物多样性:英文版 2023年第5期45卷 569-589页

作者： Sampa Kundu Taposhi Hazra Tapan Chakraborty subir bera Mahasin Ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia 723104India Geological Studies Unit Indian Statistical Institute203B.T.RoadKolkata 700108West BengalIndia Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkata 700019India

Equisetum(Equisetaceae)has long been a focus of attention for botanists and palaeontologists because,given its extensive and well-documented fossil record,it is considered the oldest extant vascular plant and a key element in understanding vascular plant ***,to date,no authentic fossil evidence of Equisetum has been found from the Indian ***,we describe a new fossil species,namely,*** ***.,recovered from the middle Siwalik(Late Miocene)sediments of Himachal Pradesh,western *** identified fossil specimens based on morphological and epidermal *** addition,X-Ray diffraction(XRD)analysis was used to determine the mineral composition of compressed stems of *** close affinity of our recovered Siwalik fossils to Equisetum is supported by the presence of both macromorphological and epidermal *** Equisetum generally grows in wet conditions around water reservoirs,our findings indicate that the fossil locality was humid and surrounded by swamp and lowland regions during *** fossil evidence indicates that this sphenopsid once existed in the western Himalaya during the Siwalik ***,at present Equisetum is confined to a particular area of our fossil locality,probably a consequence of severe environmental changes coupled with competition from opportunistic *** discovery of Equisetum fossils in appreciable numbers from the Siwalik sediments of the Himachal Himalayas is unique and constitutes the first reliable recognition of Equisetum from the Indian Cenozoic.

关键词： Equisetum Fossil stem and leaf sheaths Late Miocene Paleoecology Siwalik Western India

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Coryphoid palms from the K-Pg boundary of central India and their biogeographical implications:Evidence from megafossil remains

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Plant Diversity 2023年第1期45卷 80-97页

作者： Sanchita Kumar Taposhi Hazra Robert A.Spicer Manoshi Hazra Teresa E.V.Spicer subir bera Mahasin Ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia 723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303PR China School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton Keynes MK76AAUK Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkata 700019India

Ten palm leaf impressions are documented from the latest Maastrichtian(late Cretaceous) to early Danian(earliest Paleocene) sediments(K-Pg,c.66-64 Ma) of the Mandla Lobe of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds,Madhya Pradesh,central *** palmate leaf shape along with a definite wellpreserved costa support their placement in the subfamily Coryphoideae of the family *** place all recovered palm leaf specimens in the fossil genus Sabalites,report seven species of coryphoid palms and describe two new species namely,Sabalities umariaensis *** Sabalites ghughuaensis *** fossils indicate that coryphoid palms were highly diverse in central India by the latest *** and earlier reported coryphoid palm fossils from the same locality indicate that they experienced a warm and humid tropical environment during the time of *** discoveries confirm the presence of a diversity of Coryphoideae in Gondwana prior to the India-Eurasia collision and provide information about coryphoid biogeographical history over geological *** on megafossil remains,we trace coryphoid palm migration pathways from India to mainland Southeast(SE) Asia and other parts of Asia after the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia early in the Paleogene.

关键词： Coryphoideae Leaf fossils Late cretaceous-early paleocene Paleobiogeography Paleoclimate Madhya Pradesh

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Siwalik plant megafossil diversity in the Eastern Himalayas: A review

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 243-264页

作者： Mahasin Ali Khan Sumana Mahato Robert A.Spicer Teresa E.V.Spicer Ashif Ali Taposhi Hazra subir bera Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia 723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303PR China School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkata 700019India

The Eastern Himalayas are renowned for their high plant *** understand how this modern botanical richness formed,it is critical to investigate past plant biodiversity preserved as fossils throughout the eastern Himalayan Siwalik succession(middle Miocene-early Pleistocene).Here,we present a summary of plant diversity records that document Neogene floristic and climate *** do this by compiling published records of megafossil plant remains,because these offer better spatial and temporal resolution than do palynological *** of the Siwalik floral assemblages based on the distribution of the nearest living relative taxa suggest that a tropical wet evergreen forest was growing in a warm humid monsoonal climate at the deposition *** qualitative interpretation is also corroborated by published CLAMP(Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) ***,we also reconstruct the climate by applying a new common proxy WorldClim2 *** allows the detection of subtle climate differences between floral assemblages free of artefacts introduced by using different methodologies and climate *** analysis of the Siwalik floras indicates that there was a gradual change in floral *** lower Siwalik assemblages provide evidence of a predominance of evergreen *** increase in deciduous elements in the floral composition is noticed towards the close of the middle Siwalik and the beginning of the upper Siwalik *** change reflects a climatic difference between Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene *** review helps us to understand under what paleoenvironmental conditions plant diversity occurred and evolved in the eastern Himalayas throughout the Cenozoic.

关键词： Megafossils Siwalik MiocenePleistocene Palaeovegetation Palaeoenvironment Eastern Himalayas

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Occurrence of Persea Mill. from the Siwalik Forest of Darjeeling, Eastern Himalaya： Paleoclimatic and Paleogeographic Implications

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第5期27卷 883-890页

作者： Mahasin Ali Khan subir bera Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of CalcuttaKolkata-700019India Department of Botany Sidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityPurulia 723104India

Fossil leaf remains of two new species of Persea Mill., belonging to the family Lauraceae collected from the lower part of the Siwalik sediments（Gish Clay Formation of Sevok Group, Middle Miocene） of Darjeeling foothills of eastern Himalaya, are described. The new species are Persea miogamblei sp. nov. and Persea neovillosa sp. nov.. On the basis of leaf architecture（size, shape and venation pattern） fossil leaves described in this article closely resemble modern leaves of Persea gamblei（King ex Hook. f.） Kosterm. and Persea villosa（Roxb.） Kosterm.. The geographic distribution of the fossils and their modern counterparts are discussed and on that basis tropical evergreen vegetation with a warm and humid climate at the time of deposition of the Siwalik sediments is suggested in contrast to the present day tropical deciduous vegetation in this area. The present finding also suggests probable migration of these lauraceous taxa to Southeast Asia.

关键词： Persea fossil leaves Middle Miocene Siwalik paleoelimate Darjeeling.

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Soral Crypsis:Protective Mimicry of a Coccid on an Indian Fern

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第6期50卷 653-658页

作者： Biplab Patra subir bera R. James Hickey Department of Botany Ananda Mohan College 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani Department of Botany University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular Road Kolkata 700019 India Department of Botany University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular Road Department of Botany Miami University Oxford

Herbivory with crypsis is not well documented in ferns. The present record of cryptic coloration of coccid Saissetia filicum Boisduval （Homoptera： Coccidae） to the sori of a fern species Asplenium nidus L. （Aspleniaceae） is unique. Predatory beetles （Jauravia sp., Coleoptera： Coccinellidae） that feed on the coccids, are suggested to be selective pressure for the development of the present homopteran soral crypsis. A higher rate of effective predation is noticed in the vegetative leaves than the fertile leaves. Aggressive ants were found harvesting honeydew secretions from the coccids and defending the trophobionts as well as the host fern from their natural enemies. In addition, a possible three-way mutualistic relationship among the coccids, its host fern and the tending ant is suggested. Differential numbers of coccids on vegetative and fertile leaves is correlated with their phenol content and degree of predation by beetles. Such coloration mimicry by the coccids may enable them to obtain the necessary blend of sorus of the host fern needed to evade beetle detection and attack.

关键词： Asplenium nidus coccid coloration mimicry India insect-fern interactions predatory beetle soral crypsis trophobiont.

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Man-environment interaction and its impact since ca. 3600 years BP in West Bengal, India: A multiproxy approach

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科学通报 2013年第S1期58卷 9-28页

作者： GHOSH Ruby bera subir BANERJEE Manju Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Centre of Advanced Study Palaeobotany-Palynology LaboratoryDepartment of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta

Climatic variability during the Holocene and corresponding anthropogenic response have gained considerable attention in different parts of India, but surprisingly very little is known on climate-human interrelationship from eastern India especially from the Gangetic plains of West Bengal. As climate has played significant role behind the collapse of many of the ancient human civilizations hence, to explore the reason behind the abandonment of any archaeological site, understanding of the climate of the contemporaneous past is a prerequisite. Agricultural development, subsistence strategies and dynamic behavior of climate in the Lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal since ca. 3600 cal a BP(Chalcolithic period) and post-Chalcolithic period(ca. 2350–2120 cal a BP to recent) were explored using multiproxy approach including plant-animal macro remains, wood charcoals and pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs from an archaeological site at Pakhanna, district Bankura in West Bengal, India. Evidences from palynological and phytolith data suggest that a warm-moist tropical climate during ca. 3600 cal a BP supported the spread of a village farming community in this part of lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal who practiced double-cropping as evidenced by the recovery of cereals(rice) and pulses(black gram) from the cultural deposits of Chalcolithic and Early Historic periods. In addition, a plenty of animal remains(opercula of carp fishes, fragments of plastron of Indian Soft Shelled Turtle, Indian Flap Shelled Turtle, ramus of mandible with teeth of Indian Boar) from similar cultural deposits indicate their probable inclusion in dietary list. The climate started changing during the onset of Early Historic period ca. 2350 cal a BP as revealed by pollen and phytolith proxies and became warmer and drier than that in earlier phase which is continuing till recent. The observations of palynological and phytolith data were also corroborated by the results of correspondence analysis(CA)

关键词： Archaeobiology dynamic environment human settlement Late Quaternary West Bengal India

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Plant Remains from an Archaeological Site as Indicators of Vegetation and Agricultural Practice Between(3 320±400) and(2 080±80) yr BP in Gangetic West Bengal,India

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第6期48卷 628-641页

作者： Ruby Ghosh subir bera Ashalata D'Rozario Manju Banerjee Supriyo Chakraborty Department of Botany University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular RoadKolkata 700019India Narasinha Dutt College 129 Bellilious Road Howrah 711101India Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 53 University RoadLucknow 226007India

Diverse plant remains recovered from an archaeological site of Chslcollthlc-Early Historic age in the Bhalrabdanga area of Pakhanna （latitude 23°25′N, longitude 87°23′E）, situated on the west bank of the Damodar river, Bankura district, West Bengal, India, include food grains, wood charcoals, and palynomorphs. Radiocarbon dating of the recovered biological remains reveal the age of the site as （3 320 ± 400） to （2 080± 80） yr BP. The food grains were Identified as Oryza sativa L. and Vigna mungo L, and seeds of Brassica cf. campestris L. were also found; these indicate the agricultural practice and food habits of the ancient people living at Pakhanna from the Chalcolithlc to the Early Historic period. Sediments Including plant remains have been broadly divided into two zones, considering archaeological findings and radiocarbon dating. Analysis of the plant remains （I.e, wood charcoals and palynomorphs） in addition to cultivated food grains has revealed that a rich vegetation cover existed in this area, with a prevailing tropical and humid climate, comprising the timber-yielding plants Shores sp., Terminalia sp., and Tamarindus sp., with undergrowths of diverse shrubs and herbs during the Chalcolithic period （zone I） dated （3 320 ± 400） yr BP. Comparatively poorer representation and frequency of plant remains Indicate a drier climate during the Early Historic period （zone Ⅱ） dated as （2 110 ± 340） to （2 080 ± 80） yr BP. Comparisons of the archaeobotanical data recovered from the Chalcollthic and Early Historic period and also a principle components analysis Indicate a change In the climate of the area from tropical and humid at （3 320 ± 400） yr BP to tropical and drier conditions at （2 110 ± 340） to （2 080 ± 80） yr BP. The present-day tropical, dry deciduous vegetation of the area suggests that climate change has occurred in the area since the contemporaneous past. The plant remains database has been utilized to reconstruct the settlement pattern of the community livi

关键词： agriculture archaeological site culture, India Pakhanna, plant remains vegetation West Bengal.

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Nectar and Pollen Sources for Honeybee （Apis cerana cerana Fabr.） in Qinglan Mangrove Area, Hainan Island, China

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第11期48卷 1266-1273页

作者： Yi-Feng Yao subir bera Yu-Fei Wang Cheng-Sen Li State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Department of Botany University of Calcutta Kolkata 700019 India Graduate School the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Beijing Museum of Natural History Beijing 100050 China

In the present study, nectar and pollen sources for honeybee （Apls cerana cerana Fabr.） were studied in Qlnglan mangrove area, Hainan Island, China, based on microscopic analysis of honey and pollen load （corblcular and gut contents） from honeybees collected In October and November 2004. Qualitative and quantitative melittopalynologlcal analysis of the natural honey sample showed that the honey is of unlfloral type with Mimosa pudlca L. （Mlmosaceae） as the predominant （89.14%） source of nectar and pollen for A. cerana cerana In October. Members of Araceae are an Important minor （3%-15%） pollen type, whereas those of Arecaceae are a minor （〈3%） pollen type. Pollen grains of Nypa fruticans Wurmb., Rhlzophora spp., Excoecarla agallocha L., Lumnitzera spp., Brugulera spp., Kandella candel Druce, and Ceriops tagal （Perr.） C. B. Rob. are among the notable mangrove texa growing In Qinglan mangrove area recorded as minor taxa In the honey. The absolute pollen count （I.e. the number of pollen grains/10 g honey sample） suggests that the honey belongs to Group V （〉1 000 000）. Pollen analysis from the corblcular and gut contents of A. cerana cerana revealed the highest representation （95.60%） of members of Sonneratia spp. （Sonneratlaceae）, followed by Bruguiera spp. （Rhizophoraceae）, Euphorblaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Anacardlaceae, and Rublaceae. Of these plants, those belonging to Sonneratla plants are the most Important nectar and pollen sources for A. cerana cerana and are frequently foraged and pollinated by these bees in November.

关键词： Hainan Island honeybee mangrove nectar and pollen sources.

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Tree barks as a natural trap for airborne spores and pollen grains from China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第19期59卷 2331-2339页

作者： Xiaoyan Song subir bera Yifeng Yao David K.Ferguson Chengsen Li College of Agronomy Shanxi Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Botany University of Calcutta Department of Paleontology University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria

The present article deals with the use of tree barks as a natural trap for airborne spores and pollen grains in *** study carried out at the southern part of Beijing Botanical Garden,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences has yielded a variety of palynomorphs mostly belonging to tree *** methodologies for extraction of palynomorphs from tree barks have been *** samples were collected from three taxa,i.e.,Paulownia fortunei Hemsl.(Scrophulariaceae),Quercus dentata Thunb.(Fagaceae),and Picea meyeri Rehder&***(Pinaceae)having different bark *** with a comparatively soft and fissured bark is believed to have a greater potential for trapping airborne spores and pollen grains compared to the stiff and less fissured barks of *** and the scaly bark of *** barks yield better data in terms of quantity and quality of trapped pollen and *** present study throws new light on the modern pollen rain,spore-pollen dispersal,and their deposition in and aroundBeijing Botanical Garden,and other different parts of China.

关键词：中国科学院现代花粉雨树皮形态孢子陷阱天然北京植物园植物研究所

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Natural traps of spores and pollen grains from the region surrounding Wenbi Reservoir, Yunnan, China

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科学通报 2013年第S1期58卷 162-168页

作者： SONG XiaoYan bera subir YAO YiFeng BLACKMORE Stephen LI ChengSen State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Shanxi Agricultural University Department of Botany University of Calcutta Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

We did a comparative analysis of pollen and spores from five kinds of natural pollen traps at Wenbi Reservoir, northwest Yunnan, China. The natural traps were the surface soil, ground inhabiting mosses, spider webs, tree bark and moss/lichen on trees. These traps showed qualitative and quantitative variations in the pollen and spore spectra. The palynomorphs recovered from the soil samples of trees and shrubs ranged from 90.54% to 95.98% of the total counts. These counts were higher than counts from ground mosses(53.13%–81.66%), spider webs(61.71%), bark samples(53.8%) and moss/lichen on trees(50%–53.6%). The result of pollen/spore analysis showed that surface soil, ground mosses and spider webs better reflect the local vegetation compared with tree bark or moss/lichen on trees.

关键词： natural pollen traps Wenbi Reservoir Yunnan China vegetation

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