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Laser-induced periodic surface structured electrodes with 45% energy saving in electrochemical fuel generation through field localization

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第11期5卷 29-44页

作者： chaudry Sajed Saraj subhash c.singh Gopal Verma Rahul A Rajan Wei Li chunlei Guo GPL Photonics Lab State Key Laboratory of Applied OpticsChangchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China University of chinese Academy of Sciences(UcAS) Beijing 100049China The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA

Electrochemical oxidation/reduction of radicals is a green and environmentally friendly approach to generating *** reactions,however,suffer from sluggish kinetics due to a low local concentration of radicals around the electrocatalyst.A large applied electrode potential can enhance the fuel generation efficiency via enhancing the radical concentration around the electrocatalyst sites,but this comes at the cost of ***,we report about a~45%saving in energy to achieve an electrochemical hydrogen generation rate of 3×10^(16) molecules cm^(–2)s^(–1)(current density:10 mA/cm^(2))through localized electric field-induced enhancement in the reagent concentration(LEFIRc)at laser-induced periodic surface structured(LIPSS)*** finite element model is used to simulate the spatial distribution of the electric field to understand the effects of LIPSS geometric parameters in field *** the LIPSS patterned electrodes are used as substrates to support Pt/c and RuO_(2) electrocatalysts,the η_(10) overpotentials for HER and OER are decreased by 40.4 and 25%,***,the capability of the LIPSS-patterned electrodes to operate at significantly reduced energy is also demonstrated in a range of electrolytes,including alkaline,acidic,neutral,and ***,when two LIPSS patterned electrodes were assembled as the anode and cathode into a cell,it requires 330 mVs of lower electric potential with enhanced stability over a similar cell made of pristine electrodes to drive a current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).This work demonstrates a physical and versatile approach of electrode surface patterning to boost electrocatalytic fuel generation performance and can be applied to any metal and semiconductor catalysts for a range of electrochemical reactions.

关键词： electric field localization hotspot formation laser-induced periodic surface structures electrochemical fuel generation overall water splitting

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SERS study on the synergistic effects of electric field enhancement and charge transfer in an Ag2S quantum dots/plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna composite system

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Photonics Research 2020年第4期8卷 548-563页

作者： BIN WANG cHEN ZHAO HUANYU LU TINGTING ZOU subhash c.singh ZHI YU cHAONAN YAO XIN ZHENG JUN XING YUTING ZOU cUNZHU TONG WEILI YU BO ZHAO cHUNLEI GUO The Guo china-US Photonics Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Applied OpticsChangchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China The Institute of Optics University of RochesterNew York 14627USA

Localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of nanostructures and the interfacial charge transfer(cT)of semiconductor materials play essential roles in the study of optical and photoelectronic *** this paper,a composite substrate of Ag2S quantum dots(QDs)coated plasmonic Au bowtie nanoantenna(BNA)arrays with a metalinsulator-metal(MIM)configuration was built to study the synergistic effect of LSPR and interfacial cT using surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in the near-infrared(NIR)*** Au BNA array structure with a large enhancement of the localized electric field(E-field)strongly enhanced the Raman signal of adsorbed p-aminothiophenol(PATP)probe ***,the broad enhanced spectral region was achieved owing to the coupling of LSPR The as-prepared Au BNA array structure facilitated enhancements of the excitation as well as the emission of Raman signal simultaneously,which was established by finite-difference time-domain ***,Ag2S semiconductor QDs were introduced into the BNA/PATP system to further enhance Raman signals,which benefited from the interfacial cT resonance in the BNA/Ag2S-QDs/PATP *** a result,the Raman signals of PATP in the BNA/Ag2S-QDs/PATP system were strongly enhanced under 785 nm laser excitation due to the synergistic effect of E-field enhancement and interfacial ***,the SERS polarization dependence effeas of the BNA/Ag2S-QDs/PATP system were also *** SERS spectra indicated that the polarization dependence of the substrate increased with decreasing polarization angles(θpola)of excitation from p-polarized(θpola=90°)excitation to s-polarized(θpola=0°)*** study provides a strategy using the synergistic effect of interfacial cT and E-field enhancement for SERS applications and provides a guidance for the development of SERS study on semiconductor QD-based plasmonic substrates,and can be farther extended to other material-nanostructure systems for various optoelectron

关键词： SERS the synergistic effects electric field enhancement charge transfer an Ag2S quantum dots/plasmonic bowti

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Surface engineering of ZnO electrocatalyst by N doping towards electrochemical cO_(2) reduction

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 71-81,I0002页

作者： Rohini subhash Kanase Getasew Mulualem Zewdie Maheswari Arunachalam Jyoti Badiger Suzan Abdelfattah Sayed Kwang-Soon Ahn Jun-Seok Ha Uk Sim Hyeyoung Shin Soon Hyung Kang Department of Interdisciplinary Program for Photonic Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology(GEST) Chungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of chemistry Education and Optoelectronic convergence Research center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Advanced chemicals and Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea School of chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering Korea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)Naju 58217Republic of Korea

The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical cO_(2) reduction(EcR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(N)doping on the EcR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was ***,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrothermal method,and nitridation was performed at different times to control the N-doping *** an increase in the N-doping content,the morphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,namely,the 2D nanosheets transformed into irregularly shaped ***,the EcR performance of Zn O electrocatalysts with different N-doping content was assessed in 1.0 M KHcO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based EcR *** the EcR activity increased after a small amount of N doping,it decreased for higher N doping *** them,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best cO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(cO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(cO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 mA cm^(-2).This improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,demonstrating that this improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst comes from(ⅰ)the optimized active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determining step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the modification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by N doping.

关键词： ZnO N-doped ZnO Gas-diffusion electrode cO Selectivity Electrochemical cO_(2)reduction

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以掺氢天然气为燃料直接内重整固体氧化物电池堆的稳定性

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电化学（中英文） 2024年第1期30卷 46-54页

作者：汤亚飞武安祺韩贝贝刘华包善军林王林陈铭官万兵 subhash c.singhal 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所浙江宁波315201 浙江启明电力集团有限公司浙江舟山316099 浙江大学舟山海洋研究中心浙江舟山316021 丹麦技术大学能源转换与储存系川麦哥本哈根

本文研究了掺氢天然气直接内重整平管型固体氧化物电池短堆的长期稳定性和衰减机理。通过约3000小时的实测实验,结果显示,电堆的总体衰减率为2.3%·kh^(-1),电堆中三个金属连接板的面积比电阻分别增加了0.276Ω·cm^(2)、0.254Ω·cm^(2... 详细信息

本文研究了掺氢天然气直接内重整平管型固体氧化物电池短堆的长期稳定性和衰减机理。通过约3000小时的实测实验,结果显示,电堆的总体衰减率为2.3%·kh^(-1),电堆中三个金属连接板的面积比电阻分别增加了0.276Ω·cm^(2)、0.254Ω·cm^(2)和0.249Ω·cm^(2),但电堆中两个电池的电压反而分别增加了3.38 m V·kh^(-1)和3.78 m V·kh^(-1)。电堆衰减主要由金属连接件表层氧化及其与阴极集流层材料反应生成Sr crO_(4)物质,两者共同作用增大了电池与金属连接体间的界面电阻所致。结果表明,以掺氢天然气为燃料直接内重整平管型固体氧化物燃料电池电堆具有良好的稳定性。本文工作为掺氢天然气在固体氧化物燃料电池堆中的直接内重整应用提供了理论参考与实验依据。

关键词：掺氢天然气内重整稳定性固体氧化物电堆

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Exosomes derived from tumor adjacent fibroblasts efficiently target pancreatic tumors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 3009-3026页

作者： Saini Setua Shabia Shabir Poornima Shaji Ana Martinez Bulnes Anupam Dhasmana Swathi Holla Nivesh K.Mittal Nirakar Sahoo Tripti Saini Francesco Giorgianni Mohammad Sikander Andrew E.Massey Bilal B.Hafeez Manish K.Tripathi Vincent P.Diego Meena Jaggi Junming Yue Nadeem Zafar Murali M.Yallapu Stephen W.Behrman Sheema Khan subhash c.chauhan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacyand College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center(UTHSC)MemphisTN 36163USA Department of computer Science Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJ&K 192122India Department of Immunology and Microbiology School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA South Texas center of Excellence in cancer Research School of Medicinethe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA Himalayan School of Biosciences and cancer Research Institute Himalayan Institute of Medical SciencesSwami Rama Himalayan UniversityDehradun 248016India Plough center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions UTHSCMemphisTN 38104USA Department of Biology College of SciencesUTRGVMcAllenTX 78539USA National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering(NIBIB) National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute UTRGVMcAllenTX 78504USA Dept.of Laboratory Medicine&Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Surgery Baptist Memorial Medical EducationBaptist Memorial HospitalMemphisTN 38120USA Baptist Health Sciences University MemphisTN 38104USA

The application of extracellular vesicles,particularly exosomes(EXs),is rapidly expanding in the field of medicine,owing to their remarkable properties as natural carriers of biological *** study investigates utilization of exosomes derived from stromal cells of tumor adjacent normal tissues(NAF-EXs)for personalized medicine,which can be derived at the time of diagnosis by endoscopic ***,we show that exosomes(EXs)derived from NAFs demonstrate differential bio-physical characteristics,efficient cellular internalization,drug loading efficiency,pancreatic tumor targeting and delivery of ***-derived EXs(NAF-EXs)were used for loading ormeloxifene(ORM),a potent anti-cancer and desmoplasia inhibitor as a model *** found that ORM maintains normal fibroblast cell phenotype and renders them incompatible to be triggered for a cAF-like phenotype,which may be due to regulation of ca^(2+) influx in fibroblast ***-EXs-ORM effectively blocked oncogenic signaling pathways involved in desmoplasia and epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)and repressed tumor growth in xenograft mouse *** conclusion,our data suggests preferential tropism of NAF-EXs for PDAc tumors,thus imply feasibility of developing a novel personalized medicine for PDAc patients using autologous NAF-EXs for improved therapeutic outcome of anti-cancer ***,it provides the opportunity of utilizing this biological scaffold for effective therapeutics in combination with standard therapeutic regimen.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Tumor adjacent normal tissue fibroblasts(NAF) Desmoplasia Extracellular vesicles Exosomes Tumor targeting Ormeloxifene Personalized medicine

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以掺氢天然气为燃料直接内重整固体氧化物电池堆的稳定性（英文）

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电化学(中英文) 2024年第1期 49-57页

作者：汤亚飞武安祺韩贝贝刘华包善军林王林陈铭官万兵 subhash c.singhal 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所浙江启明电力集团有限公司浙江大学舟山海洋研究中心丹麦技术大学能源转换与储存系

本文研究了掺氢天然气直接内重整平管型固体氧化物电池短堆的长期稳定性和衰减机理。通过约3000小时的实测实验，结果显示，电堆的总体衰减率为2.3%kh–1，电堆中三个金属连接板的面积比电阻分别增加了0.276Ω·cm2、0.254Ω·cm2和0.24... 详细信息

本文研究了掺氢天然气直接内重整平管型固体氧化物电池短堆的长期稳定性和衰减机理。通过约3000小时的实测实验，结果显示，电堆的总体衰减率为2.3%kh–1，电堆中三个金属连接板的面积比电阻分别增加了0.276Ω·cm2、0.254Ω·cm2和0.249Ω·cm2，但电堆中两个电池的电压反而分别增加了3.38 m V·kh–1和3.78 m V·kh–1。电堆衰减主要由金属连接件表层氧化及其与阴极集流层材料反应生成Sr cr O4物质，两者共同作用增大了电池与金属连接体间的界面电阻所致。结果表明，以掺氢天然气为燃料直接内重整平管型固体氧化物燃料电池电堆具有良好的稳定性。本文工作为掺氢天然气在固体氧化物燃料电池堆中的直接内重整应用提供了理论参考与实验依据。

关键词：掺氢天然气内重整稳定性固体氧化物电堆

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chemical characteristics of trace metals in PM10 and their concentrated weighted trajectory analysis at central Delhi,India

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第5期29卷 184-196页

作者： subhash chandra Monika J.Kulshrestha Ruchi singh Nahar singh cSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi 110012 India. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR - National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL) Campus New Delhi 110012 India Present address: Shriram Institute for Industrial Research Delhi 110007 India.

Trace metals associated with PM10 aerosols and their variation during day and nighttime as well as during different seasons have been studied for the year 2012. PcA analysis suggested5 Pcs,which accounted for 86.8% cumulative variance. Pc1 accounted for 30% with a significant loading of metals of anthropogenic origin,while Pc2 showed 28% variance with the loading of metals of crustal origin. These trace metals showed seasonal distinct day and night time characteristics. The concentrations of cu,Pb,and cd were found to be higher during nighttime in all the seasons. Only Fe was observed with significantly higher mean concentrations during daytime of all seasons except monsoon. The highest mean values of cu,cd,Zn,and Pb during post-monsoon might be attributed to winds advection over the regions of waste/biomass burning and industrial activities in Punjab and Haryana ***,concentration weighted trajectory analysis suggested that metals of crustal origin were contributed by long-range transport while metals of anthropogenic and industrial activities were contributed by regional/local source regions.

关键词： Trace metals Potential source regions Backward trajectory Principal component analysis

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Decadal trends in precipitable water vapor over the Indus River Basin using ERA5 reanalysis data

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2928-2945页

作者： Seema RANI Jyotsna singh subhash singh Purushottam TIWARI Suraj MAL Department of Geography Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityUttar Pradesh 221005India Department of Geography Shaheed Bhagat Singh CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110017India center for the Study of Regional Development Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiDelhi 11oo6zIndia

Precipitable Water Vapor(PWV)constitutes a pivotal parameter within the domains of atmospheric science,and remote sensing due to its profound influence on Earth’s climate dynamics and weather *** exerts a significant impact on atmospheric stability absorption and emission of radiation,thus engendering alterations in the Earth’s radiative *** such,precise quantification of PWV holds the potential to enhance weather prognostication and fortify preparedness against severe meteorological *** study aimed to elucidate the spatial and temporal changes in seasonal and annual PWV across the Indus River Basin and its sub-basins using ERA5 reanalysis *** present study used ERA5 PWV(entire atmospheric column),air temperature at 2 m(t2m)and 500 hPa(T_500hPa),evapotranspiration,and total cloud cover data from 1960 to *** Sen slope estimator and Mann-Kendall test were used for trend *** and multiple regression methods were used to understand the association of PWV with other *** findings have unveiled the highest increase in mean PWV during the monsoon(0.40 mm/decade),followed by premonsoon(0.37 mm/decade),post-monsoon(0.27 mm/decade),and winter(0.19 mm/decade)throughout the study ***,the mean PWV exhibited the most pronounced positive trend in the sub-basin Lower Indus(LI),followed by Panjnad(P),Kabul(K),and Upper Indus(UI)across all seasons,except *** PWV has also risen in the Indus basin and its sub-basins over the last six *** exhibits a consistent upward trend up to an elevation of 3500 m within the basin which is most pronounced during the monsoon season,followed by the *** escalating PWV within the basin is reasonably ascribed to increasing air temperatures,augmented evapotranspiration,and heightened cloud *** findings hold potential utility for pertinent authorities engaged in water resource management and planning.

关键词： Himalaya Precipitable Water Vapor Indus River Basin Atmosphere climate change ERA5 Reanalysis data

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Variations in body melanisation, ovariole number and fecundity in highland and lowland populations of Drosophila melanogaster from the Indian subcontinent

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 553-561页

作者： subhash Rajpurohit Ravi Parkash Seema Ramniwas Shama singh Department of Biochemistry and Genetics Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak 124001 India

We investigated geographical variations in three fitness-related traits （body melanisation, ovariole number and fecundity） in laboratory-reared offspring of 10 populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The populations were collected from adjacent lowland and highland localities （-80-100 km apart） in the tropical as well as subtropical regions （11.15-31.06°N） covering a linear distance about 3 000 kilometers from south to north on the Indian subcontinent. Persistence of within- as well as between-population differences at 21 ℃ suggest that observed variations in fitness-related traits have a genetic basis. Populations from higher altitudes showed consistently higher trait values （1.4-fold increase） as compared with their corresponding lowland populations. By contrast, latitudinal variations were about two-fold higher across the entire continent. Along latitude as well as altitude, population means showed higher correlation values （r 〉 0.98） between all the three fitness traits. However, on the basis of within-population analysis （assorted darker and lighter flies）, changes in body melanisation were significantly correlated with fecundity but not with ovariole number. Thus, analysis of within-population trait variability should be preferred as compared with data on population means for adaptive significance of fitness-related traits. In the present study, the role of climatic selection is evident from regression analysis with changes in annual average temperature of the sites of origin of populations along latitude as well as altitude.

关键词： altitude body melanisation Drosophila melanogaster fecundity latitude ovariole number

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Thickness Dependent Physical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Nanocrystalline cdSe Thin Films

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第10期28卷 1299-1304页

作者： Anuradha Purohit subhash chander Satya Pal Nehra Mahendra singh Dhaka Department of Physics Mohanlal Sukhadia University centre of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Microelectronics Research center Iowa State University of Science and Technology

This paper presents a study on thickness dependent physical properties of cadmium selenide thin films. The films of thickness 445, 631 and 810 nm were deposited employing thermal evaporation technique on glass and ITO-coated glass substrates followed by thermal annealing in air atmosphere at 200 °c. These films were subjected to X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electrometer for structural, optical,surface morphological and electrical analysis respectively. The structural analysis reveals that the films are nanocrystalline in nature with cubic phase and preferred orientation（111）. The crystallographic parameters such as lattice constant, interplanar spacing, grain size, internal strain, dislocation density, number of crystallites per unit area and texture coefficient are calculated and discussed. The optical band gap is found in the range 1.75-1.92 e V and observed to increase with *** SEM study shows that the annealed films are uniform, fully covered and well defined. The electrical analysis shows that the conductivity is varied with film thickness and found within the order of semiconductor behavior.

关键词： Thin films X-ray diffraction Optical properties Electrical properties Evaporation

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