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Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee su bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the brain and its involvement in cognitive function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2520-2537页

作者： Chonglin su Taiqi Huang Meiyu Zhang Yanyu Zhang Yan Zeng Xingxing Chen Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and ControlSchool of MedicineWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental *** the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and *** glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic *** interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive *** appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive *** with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive *** emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive *** provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium signaling glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoid glutamate transmission hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis long-term potentiation neurocognitive disorders neuroplasticity stress

Maintaining moderate levels of hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the recovery phase of stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 845-857页

作者： Lin-Yan Huang Yi-De Zhang Jie Chen Hai-Di Fan Wan Wang bin Wang Ju-Yun Ma Peng-Peng Li Hai-Wei Pu Xin-Yian Guo Jian-Gang Shen su-Hua Qi School of Medical Technology Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory DiagnosticsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Pharmacy Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Medicine Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s HospitalHuai’anJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Chinese Medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late ***,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain *** previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently *** simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic *** found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous ***,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid *** results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/***,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and *** suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion *** levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-*** transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear ***,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.

关键词： cell differentiation cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury chlorination hypochlorous acid microglia neural stem cell neurogenesis nuclear translocation stroke β-catenin

Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang su Ian N.Levasseur Kimberly M.Alonge Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECM),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECM regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(Miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(Moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECM indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

Interleukin-17A facilitates tumor progression via upregulating programmed death ligand-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第1期17卷 176-198页

作者： Zhong-Xia Yang Li-Ting Zhang Xiao-Jun Liu Xue-bin Peng Xiao-Rong Mao The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Department of Infectious Diseases The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Department of Radiotherapy Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal *** has become an important treatment strategy for HCC,as immunity is closely related to inflammation in the tumor *** regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and affects im-munotherapy ***-17A(IL-17A)is involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and plays a protumor or antitumor role in different *** hypothesized that IL-17A participates in tumor progression by affe-cting the level of immune checkpoint molecules in *** upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC cells by IL-17A was assessed by reverse transcription PCR,western blotting,and flow *** studies were conducted with gene knockout models and pathway *** function of IL-17A in immune evasion was explored through coculture of T cells and HCC *** effects of IL-17A on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells were evaluated in vitro,and the antitumor effects of an IL-17A inhibitor and its synergistic effects with a PD-L1 inhibitor were studied in *** IL-17A upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner,whereas IL-17A receptor knockout or treatment with a small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 inhibitor diminished the PD-L1 expression induced by ***-17A enhanced the survival of HCC cells in the coculture ***-17A increased the viability,G2/M ratio,and migration of HCC cells and decreased the apoptotic *** D1,VEGF,MMP9,and Bcl-1 expression increased after IL-17A treatment,whereas BAX expression *** combination of IL-17A and PD-L1 inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor efficacy and increased cluster of differentiation 8+T lymphocyte infiltration in an HCC mouse *** IL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the IL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against

关键词： Interleukin-17A Programmed death ligand-1 Interleukin-17A receptor Small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunotherapy

Clinical effects of phospholipase D2 in attenuating acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第2期31卷 52-60页

作者： Jin-Wei Niu Guo-Chao Zhang Wu Ning Hai-bin Liu Hua Yang Chao-Feng Li Department of General surgery China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China

BACKGROUND The objective of the current study was to elucidate the clinical mechanism through which phospholipase D2(PLD2)exerted a regulatory effect on neutrophil migra-tion,thereby alleviating the progression of acute *** To elucidate the clinical mechanism through which PLD2 exerted a regulatory effect on neutrophil migration,thereby alleviating the progression of acute *** The study involved 90 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis,admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and November 2022.A retrospective analysis was conducted,categorizing patients based on Ranson score severity into mild(n=25),moderate(n=30),and severe(n=35)*** data was collected for each *** blot analysis assessed PLD2 protein expression in patient ***-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of chemokine receptors associated with neutrophil *** levels of inflammatory factors in patients were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** migration tests were conducted to compare migration of neutrophils across groups and analyze the influence of PLD2 on neutrophil *** Overall data analysis did not find significant differences between patient groups(P>0.05).The expression of PLD2 protein in the severe group was lower than that in the moderate and mild groups(P<0.05).The expression level of PLD2 in the moderate group was also lower than that in the mild group(P<0.05).The severity of acute pancreatitis is negatively correlated with PLD2 expression(r=-0.75,P=0.002).The mRNA levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1,C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2,C-C chemokine receptor type 2,and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 in the severe group are significantly higher than those in the moderate and mild groups(P<0.05),and the expression levels in the moderate group are also higher than those in the mild group(P<0.05).The levels of C-reactive protein,tumo

关键词： Phospholipase D2 Neutrophil migration Acute pancreatitis Retrospective analysis Inflammatory response

Protection of Large-scale Wind Power Integration

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电力系统自动化 2012年第8期36卷 132-135页

作者： Cai, Rong su, bin ABB China Corporate Research Center Beijing 100015 China

More and more large capacity wind power will be integrated into power system in the future,and certain technical challenges will emerge due to the fluctuation characteristics of wind power and the complex control of power electronic devices inside the wind turbines(e.g.,low voltage ride through(LVRT)).By comparing a wind power integration grid with a hydropower integration grid,the special transient phenomena caused by the wind power integration is studied and simulation results are ***,the potential impacts on the traditional protection are *** show that the special transient phenomena can decrease the sensitivity,reliability and operation speed of conventional protections.

关键词：风力发电常规保护一体化电力电子器件风力涡轮机电力系统波动特性仿真结果

Deep eutectic solvents for separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy:Recent advances and perspectives

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 1-19页

作者： Shuo Chen Shengpeng su Yanfang Huang bingbing Liu Hu sun Shuzhen Yang Guihong Han School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory Henan ProvinceZhengzhou 450001China

Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal *** solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental *** solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic *** the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low *** this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically ***,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively ***,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research *** conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.

关键词： deep eutectic solvents preparations properties separation and purification critical metal metallurgy

华北克拉通和巴西圣弗朗西斯科-刚果克拉通新元古代早期岩浆作用(ca.940~890Ma)序列与成因

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岩石学报 2025年第1期41卷 167-182页

作者：苏向东彭澎郑州大学生态与环境学院地热与生态地质研究中心郑州450001 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所中国-巴西联合地学研究中心北京100029

华北克拉通和巴西圣弗朗西斯科-刚果克拉通新元古代早期的岩墙和岩床及玄武岩(ca.940~890Ma)岩浆活动时间对比和古地磁研究结果表明,上述克拉通在新元古代可能相邻。这些阶段性岩浆作用的演化趋势和源区特征及其所反映的地质过程与构造... 详细信息

华北克拉通和巴西圣弗朗西斯科-刚果克拉通新元古代早期的岩墙和岩床及玄武岩(ca.940~890Ma)岩浆活动时间对比和古地磁研究结果表明,上述克拉通在新元古代可能相邻。这些阶段性岩浆作用的演化趋势和源区特征及其所反映的地质过程与构造背景对进一步开展大陆重建有重要意义。本文系统总结和对比分析了两个克拉通新元古代镁铁质岩石的岩相学、地球化学和同位素年代学数据。研究发现,这些岩石大致可分为两类多期:(1)年龄较老(ca.940~920Ma)且演化的高Ti岩石(MgO2%),负Eu异常明显(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.7~1.0);(2)年龄较年轻(ca.915~890Ma)且较为原始的低Ti岩石(MgO>6.5%,TiO_(2)<2%),具有正Eu异常(Eu/Eu^(*)=1~1.2)或者没有Eu异常(Eu/Eu=1)。早期高Ti岩浆源区类似于EMⅠ型地幔端元(ε_(Nd)(t)=-8~+3),Sr-Nd同位素特征表明其可能是软流圈上涌熔融产生的岩浆与岩石圈地幔相互作用的结果;而晚期低Ti岩石Nd同位素与球粒陨石值类似(ε_(Nd)(t)=-2~+3),可能来源于软流圈地幔。这两类岩石在华北克拉通和巴西圣弗朗西斯科-刚果克拉通几乎同时出现,且可类比。岩浆演化趋势、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素等特征及单斜辉石-熔体平衡深度计算表明,早期高Ti岩浆产生于大陆岩石圈破裂初期,经历了较高程度的结晶分异作用;而晚期低Ti岩浆的持续作用(~30Myr)可能与岩石圈破裂过程中不断增强的软流圈岩浆活动相关。该裂谷演化进程在Sr同位素特征变化上也有体现,即与早期高Ti岩石相比,晚期低Ti岩石的Sr同位素更为富集但Nd同位素保持不变,表明该类岩石的产生可能在大陆裂谷发育过程中受到海水蚀变的影响。以上证据表明,华北克拉通和巴西圣弗朗西斯科-刚果克拉通在新元古代早期具有可类比的岩石圈应力演化状态,且经历了相似的地幔地球化学动力学过程,支持两个克拉通在该时期相邻。

关键词：华北克拉通圣弗朗西斯科-刚果克拉通新元古代大火成岩省