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Designing healthy communities： Testing the walkability model

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第1期6卷 63-73页

作者： Adriana A. Zuniga-Teran Barron j. Orr Randy H. Gimblett Nader V. Chalfoun stuart E. Marsh David P. Guertin Scott B. Going Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85719 USA

Research from multiple domains has provided insights into how neighborhood design can be improved to have a more favorable effect on physical activity, a concept known as walkability. The relevant research findings/hypotheses have been integrated into a Walkability Framework, which organizes the design elements into nine walkability categories. The purpose of this study was to test whether this conceptual framework can be used as a model to measure the interactions between the built environment and physical activity. We explored correlations between the walkability categories and physical activity reported through a survey of residents of Tucson, Arizona （n=486）. The results include significant correlations between the walkability categories and physical activity as well as between the walkabi[ity categories and the two motivations for walking （recreation and transportation）. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports links between wa[kability and walking for recreation. Additionally, the use of the Walkability Framework allowed us to identify the walkability categories most strongly correlated with the two motivations for walking. The results of this study support the use of the Walkability Framework as a model to measure the built environment in relation to its ability to promote physical activity.

关键词： Watkability Physical activity Buitt environment LEED-ND Neighborhood design

Vegetation productivity responses to drought on tribal lands in the four corners region of the Southwest USA

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第1期12卷 37-51页

作者： Mohamed Abd Salam EL-VILALY Kamel DIDAN stuart E. MARSH Willem j.D. VAN LEEUWEN Michael A. CRIMMINS Armando Barreto MUNOZ The Intemational Food Policy Research Institute Washington DC 20006-1002 USA Vegetation Index and Phenology Lab Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0036 USA Arizona Remote Sensing Center School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0043 USA Department of Soils Water and Environmental Science The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0038 USA

For more than a decade, the Four Comers Region has faced extensive and persistent drought conditions that have impacted vegetation communities and local water resources while exacerbating soil erosion. These persistent droughts threaten ecosystem services, agriculture, and livestock activities, and expose the hypersensitivity of this region to inter-annual climate variability and change. Much of the intermountain Western United States has sparse climate and vegetation monitoring stations, making fine-scale drought assessments difficult. Remote sensing data offers the opportunity to assess the impacts of the recent droughts on vegetation productivity across these areas. Here, we propose a drought assessment approach that integrates climate and topographical data with remote sensing vegetation index time series. Multisensor Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） time series data from 1989 to 2010 at 5.6 km were analyzed to characterize the vegetation productivity changes and responses to the ongoing drought. A multi-linear regression was applied to metrics of vegetation productivity derived from the NDVI time series to detect vegetation productivity, an ecosystem service proxy, and changes. The results show that around 60.13% of the study area is observing a general decline of greenness （p 〈 0.05）, while 3.87% show an unexpected green up, with the remaining areas showing no consistent change. Vegetation in the area show a significant positive correlation with elevation and precipitation gradients. These results, while, confirming the region＇s vegetation decline due to drought, shed further light on the future directions and challenges to the region＇s already stressed ecosystems. Whereas the results provide additional insights into this isolated and vulnerable region, the drought assessment approach used in this study may be adapted for application in other regions where surfacebased climate and vegetation monitoring record is spatially and temporally limited.

关键词： drought remote sensing Hopi Navaj. Nation

Electrophysiological assessment of primary cortical neurons genetically engineered using iron oxide nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2881-2890页

作者： Michael G. Evans Arwa Al-Shakli stuart I. j.nkins Divya M. Chari School of Life Sciences Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK

The development of safe technologies to genetically modify neurons is of great interest in regenerative neurology, for both translational and basic science applications. Such approaches have conventionally been heavily reliant on viral transduction methods, which have safety and production limitations. Magnetofection （magnet-assisted gene transfer using iron oxide nanoparticles as vectors） has emerged as a highly promising non-viral alternative for safe and reproducible genetic modification of neurons. Despite the high potential of this technology, there is an important gap in our knowledge of the safety of this approach, namely, whether it alters neuronal function in adverse ways, such as by altering neuronal excitability and signaling. We have investigated the effects of magnetofection in primary cortical neurons by examining neuronal excitability using the whole cell patch clamp technique. We found no evidence that magnetofection alters the voltage-dependent sodium and potassium ionic currents that underpin excitability. Our study provides important new data supporting magnetofection as a safe technology for bioengineering of neuronal cell populations.

关键词： transfection magnetic nanoparticle green fluorescent protein (GFP) whole-cell patch clamp fluorescence microscopy

Independent and complementary bio-functional effects of CuO andGa_(2)O_(3) incorporated as therapeutic agents in silica-and phosphate-based bioactive glasses

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j.urnal of Materiomics 2022年第4期8卷 893-905页

作者： T.Tite A.C.Popa B.W.stuart H.R.Fernandes I.M.Chirica G.A.Lungu D.Macovei C.Bartha L.Albulescu C.Tanase S.Nita N.Rusu D.M.Grant j.M.F.Ferreira G.E.Stan National Institute of Materials Physics MagureleRO-077125Romania Advanced Materials Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNG72RDUK CICECOdAveiro Institute of Materials Department of Materials and Ceramics EngineeringUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal “Victor Babes”National Institute of Research and Development in Pathology and Biomedical Sciences BucharestRO-050096Romania National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development BucharestRO-031299Romania

The incorporation of therapeutic-capable ions into bioactive glasses(BGs),either based on silica(SBGs)or phosphate(PBGs),is currently envisaged as a proficient path for facilitating bone *** with this view,the single and complementary structural and bio-functional roles of CuO andGa_(2)O_(3)(in the 2e5 mol%range)were assessed,by deriving a series of SBG and PBG formulations startingfrom the parent glass systems,FastOs®BG e 38.5SiO2d36.1CaOd5.6P2O5d19.2MgOd0.6CaF2,and50.0P2O5d35.0CaOd10.0Na_(2)Od5.0 Fe2O_(3)(mol%),respectively,using the process of *** inter-linked physico-chemistry e biological response of BGs was assessed in search of bio-functional *** light was shed on the structural role e as network former or modifier e ofCu and Ga,immersed in SBG and PBG *** preliminary biological performance was surveyedin vitro by quantification of Cu and Ga ion release under homeostatic conditions,cytocompatibility assays(in fibroblast cell cultures)and antibacterial tests(against Staphylococcus aureus).The similar(Cu)anddissimilar(Ga)structural roles in the SBG and PBG vitreous networks governed their ***,Cuions were leached in similar concentrations(ranging from 10e35 ppm and 50e110 ppm at BG doses of 5and 50 mg/mL,respectively)for both type of BGs,while the release of Ga ions was 1e2 orders ofmagnitude lower in the case of SBGs(i.e.,0.2e6 ppm)compared to PBGs(i.e.,9e135 ppm).This wasattributed to the network modifier role of Cu in both types of BGs,and conversely,to the network former(SBGs)and network modifier(PBGs)roles of *** glasses were cytocompatible at a dose of 5 mg/mL,while at the same concentration the antimicrobial efficiency was found to be accentuated by the coupledrelease of Cu and Ga ions from *** collective assessment,the most prominent candidate material forthe further development of implant coatings and bone graft substitutes was delineated as the38.5SiO2d34.1CaOd5.6P2O5d16.2MgOd

关键词： Bioactive glass Copper Gallium Structure Ion release Antibacterial

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体育活动与老年人的抑郁:系统综述

天津体育学院学报 2002年第2期17卷 49-54页

作者：孙延林 stuart j.H.Biddle 天津体育学院实验中心天津300381 英国拉夫堡大学体育运动科学和娱乐管理系

抑郁是老年人一种常见的不良情绪。通过对描述性研究、元分析研究、流行病学研究和实验研究的综述。

关键词：体育活动老年人抑郁

蜜瓜和西瓜果汁的射频介电特性及其与糖度的关系

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农业工程学报 2008年第5期24卷 289-292页

作者：郭文川 Smart O. Nelson Samir Trabelsi Stanley j. Kays 西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院杨凌712100 U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Russell Research Center Athens Georgia 30604 USA Department of Horticulture University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA

为了解果汁的介电特性与其主要内部品质——糖度之间的关系,该文利用末端开路的同轴探头和阻抗分析仪测量了10 MHz～1.8 GHz的频率范围内不同成熟度的3个品种密瓜汁和4个品种西瓜汁的介电特性,同时测量了反映果汁糖度的可溶性固形物含... 详细信息

为了解果汁的介电特性与其主要内部品质——糖度之间的关系,该文利用末端开路的同轴探头和阻抗分析仪测量了10 MHz～1.8 GHz的频率范围内不同成熟度的3个品种密瓜汁和4个品种西瓜汁的介电特性,同时测量了反映果汁糖度的可溶性固形物含量和果肉的含水率,分析了介电特性和糖度间的关系。结果显示:密瓜和西瓜果汁的相对介电常数和介质损耗因数皆随频率的增大单调减小,品种间的差异对介电特性有影响;1.8 GHz下密瓜汁的损耗角正切与糖度有较好的线性关系,其决定系数为0.784,但西瓜汁的介电特性与糖度的相关性较差;密瓜和西瓜果汁的糖度与果肉的含水率有很好的线性相关性,其决定系数分别为0.973和0.906。该研究将为基于介电特性的果汁糖度检测仪的开发提供了研究基础。

关键词：蜜瓜西瓜果汁介电特性可溶性固形物含量含水率

Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1076-1079页

作者： Yisi Hu Zhenhua Luo Colin A.Chapman stuart L.Pimm Samuel T.Turvey Michael j.Lawes Carlos A.Peres Tien Ming Lee Pengfei Fan School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Department of Anthropology and School of Environment Mc Gill University School of Life Sciences University of Kwa Zulu-Natal The College of Life Sciences Northwest University Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University

Although conventional wisdom considers knowledge of threatened species’ ecology and status essential for conservation, few studies demonstrate this in a quantitative way across many species and within the same political entity. Here,we evaluated the impacts of scientific research against conservation interventions(including funding) and specieslevel correlates, accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, on the conservation

关键词： China Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

The performance of the Noblesse multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer for ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第5期37卷 734-745页

作者： Defeng He Finlay M.stuart Dan N.Barfod Fang Xiao Hong Zhong State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Isotope Geoscience Unit Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre NERC Argon Isotope Facility Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

Noblesse multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer is specially designed for multi-collection of Ar isotopes with different beam sizes, especially for small ion beams, precisely, and hence is perfectly suitable for ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology. We have analyzed widely used sanidine, muscovite, and biotite standards with recommended ages of ~ 1.2–133 Ma, with the aim to assess the reliability of Noblesse for ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating. An ESI MIR1030W CO_2 laser was used for total fusion or incremental heating samples. Extracted gases were routinely purified by four SAES NP10 getters(one at * 400 °C and others at room temperature). A GP50 getter and a metal cold finger cooled by liquid N(-196 °C) were also attached for additional purification if necessary. The Ar isotopes were then measured by Noblesse using Faraday or multiplier according to the signal intensities. Over a period of 1.5 months 337 air calibrations produced a weighted mean ^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar of 296.50 ± 0.08(2σ, MSWD = 4.77). Fish Canyon sanidine is used to calculate j.values, which show good linear relationship with position in irradiation. The age of four mineral standards(Alder Creek sanidine,Brione muscovite, Yabachi sanidine, and Fangshan biotite)are within error of the accepted ages. Five Alder Creek sanidine aliquots yielded an age range of 1.174–1.181 ± 0.013 Ma(2σ) which broadly overlaps the established age of the standard and the uncertainty approaches those of the foremost Ar/Ar laboratories in the world. The weighted mean ages of four Brione muscovite aliquots (18.75 ± 0.16 Ma, 2σ), five Yabachi sanidine aliquots (29.50 ± 0.19 Ma, 2σ), and three Fangshan biotite aliquots (133.0 ± 0.76 Ma, 2σ) are consistent with the recommended values of these standards, and the uncertainties are typical of modern Ar/Ar laboratories worldwide.

关键词： ^40Ar 地球年代学收集集体煤气分光计表演调制解调器

Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells as a cell based therapy for pelvic organ prolapse

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World j.urnal of Stem Cells 2016年第5期8卷 202-215页

作者： stuart j.Emmerson Caroline E Gargett the Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University

Pelvic organ prolapse(POP) occurs when the pelvic organs(bladder, bowel or uterus) herniate into the vagina, causing incontinence, voiding, bowel and sexual dysfunction, negatively impacting upon a woman's quality of life. POP affects 25% of all women and results from childbirth inj.ry. For 19% of all women, surgical reconstructive surgery is required for treatment, often augmented with surgical mesh. The surgical treatment fails in up to 30% of cases or results in adverse effects, such as pain and mesh erosion into the bladder, bowel or vagina. Due to these complications the Food and Drug Administration cautioned against the use of vaginal mesh and several maj.r brands have been recently been withdrawn from market. In this review we will discuss new cell-based approaches being developed for the treatment of POP. Several cell types have been investigated in animal models, including a new source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(MSC) derived from human endometrium. The unique characteristics of endometrial MSC, methods for their isolation and purification and steps towards their development for good manufacturing practice production will be described. Animal models that could be used to examine the potential for this approach will also be discussed as will a rodent model showing promise in developing an endometrial MSC-based therapy for POP. The development of a preclinical large animal model for assessing tissue engineering constructs for treating POP will also be mentioned.

关键词： Endometrium Mesenchymal stem cells Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells Pelvic organ prolapse Mesh Tissue engineering Regenerative medicine