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Gut microbial regulation of innate and adaptive immunity after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 272-276页

作者： Marta Celorrio Kirill Shumilov stuart H.Friess Department of Pediatrics Washington University in St.Louis School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Acute care management of traumatic brain injury is focused on the prevention and reduction of secondary insults such as hypotension,hypoxia,intracranial hypertension,and detrimental ***,the imperative to balance multiple clinical concerns simultaneously often results in therapeutic strategies targeted to address one clinical concern causing unintended effects in other remote organ *** the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain has been shown to influence both the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract homeostasis in health and disease.A critical component of this axis is the microorganisms of the gut known as the gut *** in gut microbial populations in the setting of central nervous system disease,including traumatic brain injury,have been reported in both humans and experimental animal models and can be further disrupted by off-target effects of patient *** this review article,we will explore the important role gut microbial populations play in regulating brain-resident and peripheral immune cell responses after traumatic brain *** will discuss the role of bacterial metabolites in gut microbial regulation of neuroinflammation and their potential as an avenue for therapeutic intervention in the setting of traumatic brain injury.

关键词： gut microbiome gut microbiota gut-brain axis macrophage microglia monocyte neuroinflammation short-chain fatty acids T cell traumatic brain injury

Advancing cancer cachexia diagnosis with -omics technology and exercise as molecular medicine

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： stuart J.Hesketh University of Central Lancashire School of MedicinePrestonUK

Muscle atrophy exacerbates disease outcomes and increases mortality,whereas the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and function play pivotal roles in ensuring long-term health and overall *** atrophy represents a significant clinical challenge,involving the continued loss of muscle mass and strength,which frequently accompany the development of numerous types of *** cachexia is a highly prevalent multifactorial syndrome,and although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths,there are still no approved management strategies for the *** etiology of this condition is based on the upregulation of systemic inflammation factors and catabolic stimuli,resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of protein *** necessary cellular processes are disrupted by cachectic pathology,which mediate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in the net loss of muscle and ***,the exact underpinning molecular mechanisms of how these changes are orchestrated are incompletely *** work is still required,but structured exercise has the capacity to counteract numerous detrimental effects linked to cancer *** through the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis,enhancement of mitochondrial function,and the release of *** a result,muscle mass and strength increase,leading to improved mobility,and *** review summarises existing knowledge of the complex molecular networks that regulate cancer cachexia and exercise,highlighting the molecular interplay between the two for potential therapeutic ***,the utility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics is considered as a way of establishing early diagnostic biomarkers of cachectic patients.

关键词： Cancer cachexia Exercise Muscle atrophy Molecular medicine Omics

Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit Bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose D Avila William Dernell stuart B Goodman Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3D printing antibacterial performance

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.Mcleod Brad S.Currier Caroline V.Lowisz stuart M.Phillips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

Rising concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Nigerian foodstuffs despite global restrictions

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第1期10卷 54-59页

作者： Yulong Ma William A.Stubbings Reginald Cline-Cole Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah stuart Harrad School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Department of African Studies&Anthropology School of History and CulturesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The presence of brominated flame retardants(BFRs)in foodstuffs of African origin is poorly *** fill this gap,animal-derived food samples comprising 13 different items originally from Nigeria were obtained in 2021,and concentrations of novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs),polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD)were *** mean concentrations of NBFRs,PBDEs,and HBCDD in Nigerian foodstuffs were 2.1 ng/g(18 ng/g lipid weight(lw)),1.3 ng/g(9.2 ng/g lw),and 0.42 ng/g(2.8 ng/g lw),with median concentrations of 1.7 ng/g(14 ng/g lw),1.1 ng/g(8.2 ng/g lw),and<0.34 ng/g(<3.3 ng/g lw),*** concentrations of NBFRs than of PBDEs and HBCDDs in Nigerian foodstuffs likely reflect use of NBFRs as substitutes for legacy BFRs in *** with previous dietary studies reveals rising concentrations of PBDEs in Nigerian foodstuffs in recent years with associated rises in dietary exposure,possibly due to active domestic use of PBDEs in ***,comparison of our exposure estimates with health-based limit values suggests adverse health effects of dietary intake of BFRs by Nigerians are unlikely to occur.

关键词： BFRs Alternative flame retardants Dietary exposure Health risks Food

Changes in Adipose Tissue and Circulating Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Midlife Women

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Environment & Health 2024年第4期2卷 243-252页

作者： Amelia Grant-Alfieri Amila Devasurendra stuart Batterman Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez Sung Kyun Park Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan 48109United States Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichigan 48109United States

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)are persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that bioaccumulate in adipose *** investigated the relationship between change in central adiposity and changes in circulating concentrations of POPs over a 12-year period during the *** concentrations of 34 PCBs and 19 OCPs were measured at four time points(1999/2000,2002/03,2005/06,2009/11)in a cohort of midlife women,the Study of Women’s Health Across the *** mixed models were used to test the association between a change in waist circumference and a change in serum POP ***-five women contributed 181 PCB ***-nine women contributed 151 OCP *** adjustment for covariates(study site,race and ethnicity,age at baseline,parity),a one-inch(2.54 cm)increase in the change in waist circumference between visits was associated with a 4.9%decrease in the change in serum concentration of PCB 194(95%CI:−8.0%,−1.6%).No associations were observed for other PCB congeners or the presence of *** increase in the difference in waist circumference over time was not associated with a change in the difference in serum concentrations of PCBs and OCPs except for PCB 194,possibly due to the high lipophilicity.

关键词： persistent organic pollutants PCBs pesticides adipose tissue women midlife

Ruptured Splenic Artery Aneurysm (SAA) in an Elderly Patient with Hypercoagulability: A Very Vague Presentation

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 40-46页

作者： stuart Wynn Amin Shams Akhtari Hervey Bay Hospital Queensland Australia

Here, we discuss a 78-year-old woman with symptoms of shortness of breath and intermittent productive cough, which worsened over time. She had a history of Factor V Leiden and unprovoked pulmonary embolism (PE) and was on lifelong warfarin. The patient was found to have a widened mediastinum and a small left-sided pleural effusion on chest X-ray, leading to CT aortogram to assess for aortic pathology. While in the CT scanner, she experienced an acute deterioration and went into shock. The initial diagnosis was anaphylactic reaction to the contrast agent, but the CT images revealed an active bleeding in the left upper quadrant, possibly of splenic origin. The patient was stabilized with aggressive resuscitation measures and transferred to a referral hospital for urgent surgery. The surgery revealed a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm (SAA), and the patient was taken to the intensive care unit (ICU) for further management. However, she developed a large infarct in the left occipital lobe and passed away after six days. The case highlights the significance of recognizing the symptoms and signs of SAA and then taking a multidisciplinary approach in managing SAA patients, particularly those with hypercoagulability (Graphic 1).

关键词： Splenic Artery Aneurysm (SAA) Hypercoagulability CT Aortography

Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos M.Kanczler stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings Marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio Richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of Medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECM)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBMSCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECM(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBMSCs viability upon *** composite of human bone-ECM-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMSCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECM)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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生吞老鼠的植物

人与自然 2009年第10期 16-16页

作者： stuart Fox Stewart mcpherson（图）

英国一个研究小组在菲律宾的维多利亚山（Mount Victoria）中发现了一种巨大的肉食植物，这种植物属于猪笼草的一个新品种，长着滑溜溜的管状叶子，将一种弱酸性消化液phytotelmata隐藏起来。

关键词：植物老鼠维多利亚菲律宾新品种猪笼草消化液弱酸性