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Diffusion tensor imaging in the courtroom:Distinction between scientific specificity and legally admissible evidence

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第19期11卷 4477-4497页

作者： Jennifer Christine van Velkinburgh mark D Herbst stewart m casper Science Communication Filipodia Publishing LLCSanta FeNM 87505United States Diagnostic Radiology Independent Diagnostic Radiology IncSt PetersburgFL 33711United States Personal Injury Law Casper&DeToledo LLCStamfordCT 06905United States

Interest and uptake of science and medicine peer-reviewed literature by readers outside of a paper’s topical subject,field or even discipline is *** the application of knowledge from one field or discipline to others can stimulate innovative solutions to problems facing modern society,it is also fraught with danger for *** the practice of law in the United States,academic papers are submitted to the courts as evidence in personal injury litigation from both the plaintiff(complainant)and *** transcendence of an academic publication over disciplinary boundaries is immediately met with the challenge of application by a group that inherently lacks in-depth knowledge on the scientific method,the practice of evidence-based medicine,or the publication process as a structured and internationally synthesized process involving peer review and guided by ethical standards and norms.A modern-day example of this is the ongoing conflict between the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)and the legal standards for admissibility of evidence in litigation cases of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI).In this review,we amalgamate the peer-reviewed research on DTI in mTBI with the court’s rationale underlying decisions to admit or exclude evidence of DTI abnormalities to support claims of brain *** found that the papers which are critical of the use of DTI in the courtroom reflect a primary misunderstanding about how diagnostic biomarkers differ legally from relevant and admissible *** clinical use of DTI to identify white matter abnormalities in the brain at the chronic stage is a valid methodology both clinically as well as forensically,contributes data that may or may not corroborate the existence of white matter damage,and should be admitted into evidence in personal injury trials if supported by a *** also delve into an aspect of science publication and peer review that can be manipulated by scientists and clinicians to

关键词： Diffuse axonal injury mild brain injury magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimaging medicolegal Litigation medical jurisprudence Ethics Peer review Publishing

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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley marcy m. Beverly Chris R. stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDmD In Vitro Cervids

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An Integrated Carbon Dioxide Capture and methanation Process

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1174-1183页

作者： Xiaochen Zhang mengzhu Li Xingwu Liu Ang Li Yuchen Deng mi Peng Yu Zhang Charlotte Vogt matteo monai Junxian Gao Xuetao Qin Yao Xu Qiaolin Yu meng Wang Guofu Wang Zheng Jiang Xiaodong Han casper Brady Wei-Xue Li Wu Zhou Jin-Xun Liu Bingjun Xu Bert m.Weckhuysen Ding ma Beijing National Laboratory for molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871 China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation Beijing 100088 National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co.Ltd.Beijing 101400 Beijing Key Laboratory of microstructure and Property of Advanced materials Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceFaculty of ScienceUtrecht University3584 CG Utrecht State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001 Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Zhangjiang LadShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210 Center for Catalytic Science and Technology University of DelawareNewarkDelaware 19716 Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026 Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088 School of Physical Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum PhysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049

Reducing the ever-growing level of CO_(2)in the atmosphere is critical for the sustainable development of human society in the context of global *** of the capture and upgrading of CO_(2)is,therefore,highly desirable since each process step is costly,both energetically and ***,we report a CO_(2)direct air capture(DAC)and fixation process that produces *** concentrations of CO_(2)(∼400 ppm)in the air are captured by an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to form *** carbonate is subsequently hydrogenated to methane,which is easily separated from the reaction system,catalyzed by TiO2-supported Ru in the aqueous phase with a selectivity of 99.9%among gas-phase *** concurrent regenerated hydroxide,in turn,increases the alkalinity of the aqueous solution for further CO_(2)capture,thereby enabling this one-ofits-kind continuous CO_(2)capture and methanation *** simulations demonstrate the energy feasibility of this CO_(2)DAC and methanation process,highlighting its promise for potential largescale applications.

关键词： CO_(2)capture and methanation process sodium hydroxide carbonate Ru/TiO_(2) catalytic mechanism CO_(2)activation and hydrogenation

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A new guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents that stimulates further thought and discussion

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Science Bulletin 2018年第23期63卷 1527-1528页

作者： Julian m.stewart Physiology and medicine Center for HypotensionThe New York Medical CollegeValhallaNY 10595USA

A new guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was published by Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society (CPCS)[1].This guideline admirably outlines a differential diagnosis of syncope in the Chinese population,placing appropriate emphasis on vasovagal syncope (VVS,simple faint), the most common *** authors appropriately discuss other more ominous causes of syncope such as cardiogenic syncope and neurogenic orthostatic *** particular,cardiogemc syncope can have lethal consequences if not promptly treated.

关键词： Children Adolescent syncope CPCS

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Generalised Chain Conditions,Prime Ideals,and Classes of Locally Finite Lie Algebras

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Algebra Colloquium 2021年第1期28卷 63-86页

作者： Falih A.m.Aldosray Ian stewart Department of mathematics Umm Al-Qura UniversityP.O.Box 56199MakkahSaudi Arabia mathematics Institute University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

A Noetherian(Artinian)Lie algebra satisfies the maximal(minimal)condition for *** include quasi-Noetherian and quasi-Artinian Lie *** study conditions on prime ideals relating these *** prove that the radical of any ideal of a quasi-Artinian Lie algebra is the intersection of finitely many prime ideals,and an ideally finite Lie algebra is quasi-Noetherian if and only if it is *** properties are equivalent to *** also prove a structure theorem for serially finite Artinian Lie algebras.

关键词： Lie algebra chain condition prime ideal radical locally finite

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Aphids and their transmitted potato viruses: A continuous challenges in potato crops

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 367-375页

作者： XU Yi stewart m.GRAY Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-microbe Biology School of Integrated Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Emerging Pest and Pathogens Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research ServiceIthacaNY 14850USA

Aphid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate *** piercing-sucking mouthparts and phloem feeding behavior directly damage crops and deplete plant ***(Solanum tuberosum L.)is one of the most important food sources on the planet,and several aphid species,e.g.,myzus persicae(Sulzer)(green peach aphid)and macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas)(potato aphid)(Hemiptera:Aphididae)colonize potato and transmit several economically important ***-transmitted potato viruses have been emerging all over the world as a very serious problem in potato production,inducing a wide variety of foliar and tuber symptoms,leading to severe yield reduction and loss of tuber *** this review,recent advances in understanding the interactions of potato viruses with their hosts,aphid vectors and the environment are described.

关键词： aphids virus potato vector transmission

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Chemical forms and extractability of iron in sediments of three contrasting lakes of China and UK

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 728-733页

作者： Gibson C.E.,stewart B.m. Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science Queen's University Belfast Shenyang 110016 China Newforge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West Lake and Taihu Lake in China and Lower Lough Erne in Northern Ireland of UK was comparatively investigated on the basis of analysing chemical forms of iron using different extractants. It was shown that extractable iron in sediments of the lakes was greatly different using various extractants. Reactive iron or easily released iron such as “active" iron oxides, total free iron oxide and water-soluble iron was not high, only accounting for 0.01%—0.15% of total iron. The efficiency of the extractants for exchangeable iron was decreased in the sequence 0.1 mol/L HCl DTPA+TEA mixed solution > 1 mol/L NH 4OAc > 0.5 mol/L mgCl 2 = 0.5 mol/L CaCl 2. It seems that the complexion of iron by organic matter was not strong because the concentration of organically bound iron was significantly lower than the concentration it was forecasted. Extractable iron is not entirely consistent with or dependent on total iron in lake sediments. To a certain extent, phosphate can inhibit the release of iron in sediments of the lakes. The selection of extractants is thus the first key step to evaluate bioavailability of iron in lake sediments.

关键词： iron chemical form extractability lake sediment eutrophication

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Bioacoustic variation of swimbladder disturbance sounds in Neotropical doradoid catfishes （Siluriformes： Doradidae, Auchenipteridae）： Potential morphological correlates

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 171-188页

作者： Kaatz, Ingrid m. stewart, Donald J. Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Swimbladder disturbance sounds of doradoid catfishes （Doradidae and Aucheniptefidae） demonstrated striking waveform and spectrographic variation. We surveyed sounds of 25 doradoid species in 20 genera comparing these to sounds of four vocal outgroup catfish families. Sounds were either continuous waveforms （lacking interpulses） or pulsed （groups of pulses repeated at fixed temporal intervals）. This is the first evidence for swimbladder calls with fixed interpulse patterns in catfishes. Vocal mechanism components that were similar between doradids and auchenipterids included： swimbladder shape, swimbladder dimensions and sonic muscle-somatic index. morphological traits that showed variation among taxa and were evaluated for po- tential correlates of call diversity are： 1） diverticula （marginal outpocketings of the swimbladder with no connection to inner ear） and 2） elastic spring apparatus mtillerian rami （ESA-mr）. Within the doradid subfamilies and within the Auchenipteridae most species differed significantly in dominant frequency with frequency ranges overlapping to some extent for most. Doradid swim- bladder diverticula did not explain dominant frequency variation within the doradoid superfamily. Some doradids with conical ESA-mr had the highest dominant frequency sounds. Auchenipterids included both relatively lower and higher dominant fre- quency sound producers but lacked diverticula and had discoidal ESA-mr. Comparing a phylogeny of doradoid genera with out- group taxa, we infer that complex diverticula and conical ESA-mr are derived characters within the Doradidae. Species repre- senting outgroup families produced either continuous lower dominant frequency sounds （aspredinids, mochokids and pseudopimelodids） or pulsed higher dominant frequency sounds （pimelodids） [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 171-188, 2012].

关键词： Catfishes Communication Signal evolution Vocal mechanisms

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Pancreatic paraganglioma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6322-6331页

作者： Gandhi Lanke John m stewart Jeffrey H Lee Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionMD Anderson Cancer CenterLubbockTX 79407United States Pathology-lab medicine Division MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionMD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

BACKGROUND Pancreatic paragangliomas(PPGL)are rare benign neuroendocrine neoplasms but malignancy can *** are often misdiagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor or pancreatic *** SUmmARY We reviewed 47 case reports of PPGL published in Pubmed to *** patients(15/47)with PPGL underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA).Only six(6/15)were correctly diagnosed as *** patients with PPGL underwent surgical resection except three(one patient surgery was aborted because of hypertensive crisis,two patients had metastasis or involvement of major vessels).Our patient remained on close surveillance as she was *** Accurate preoperative diagnosis of PPGL can be safely achieved by EUS-FNA with *** team approach should be considered to bring the optimal results in the management of PPGL.

关键词： Pancreatic paraganglioma Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration meta-iodobenzylguanidine scan metanephrines GATA-3 Immunohistochemistry Case report

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Is the soil seed bank a reliable source for passive restoration of bush-cleared semi-arid rangelands of South Africa?

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： mthunzi mndela casper Ignacio madakadze Florence Nherera-Chokuda Sikhalazo Dube University of Pretoria P/Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa Agricultural Research Council APIP/Bag X02IrenePretoria 0062South Africa

Background:Bush clearing of encroached rangelands is crucial for restoration of herbaceous cover and *** after bush clearing depends largely on the soil seed bank(SSB)size and *** assess the potential of the SSB to facilitate post-clearing herbaceous restoration,we examined the SSB density,composition and diversity and similarity between SSB and aboveground vegetation(AGV).methods:The study was conducted in semi-arid rangelands of maseding and Kgomokgomo in North-West Province of South *** each rangeland,all woody plants in three 1250 m^(2) plots were cut using saws and loppers,with the stumps treated with *** observations were conducted in cleared and uncleared *** samples were collected at three depths(0-10,10-20 and 20-30 cm)in each microsite in April(pretreatment),August,October and December 2016 and in April and August *** was assessed using seedling emergence method,whereas pre-and post-clearing surveys of AGV were conducted in February 2016 and 2017,***:Cleared microsites had significantly(pm^(-2) at maseding and Kgomokgomo,respectively)relative to uncleared microsites in August 2017,with grasses accounting for higher densities than other plant functional groups in the upper 0-10 *** grasses(Aristida congesta ***,Brachiaria eruciformis and Tragus berteronianus)and invasive forbs(Bidens pilosa and Schkuhria pinnata)dominated the SSB in cleared microsites at maseding,whereas succulents(Portulaca spp.)and pioneer grasses(*** and Urochloa mosambicensis)were abundant at Kgomokgomo in August *** and AGV were dissimilar until December 2016;thereafter,similarity increased significantly(pmicrosites(Sørensen’s coefficient=0.60 to 0.66 at maseding and 0.43 to 0.52 at Kgomokgomo)compared to uncleared *** diversity was highest in August 2016 and April 2017 at maseding,but

关键词： Bush clearing Seed bank density Seed bank diversity Sørensen’s coefficient

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