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Crohn’s and colitis in children and adolescents

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5862-5869页

作者： Andrew S Day Oren Ledder steven t leach Daniel A Lemberg Department of Gastroenterology Sydney Children's HospitalRandwickSydneyNSW 2031Australia School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2031Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Otago ChristchurchChristchurch 8140New Zealand

Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis can be grouped as the inflammatory bowel diseases （IBD）. these conditions have become increasingly common in recent years, including in children and young people. Although much is known about aspects of the pathogenesis of these diseases, the precise aetiology is not yet understood, and there remains no cure. Recent data has illustrated the importance of a number of genes-several of these are important in the onset of IBD in early life, including in infancy. Pain, diarrhoea and weight loss are typical symptoms of paediatric Crohn＇s disease whereas bloody diarrhoea is more typical of colitis in children. However, atypical symptoms may occur in both conditions： these include isolated impairment of linear growth or presentation with extra-intestinal manifestations such as erythma nodosum. Growth and nutrition are commonly compromised at diagnosis in both Crohn＇s disease and colitis. Consideration of possible IBD and completion of appropriate investigations are essential to ensure prompt diagnosis, the- reby avoiding the consequences of diagnostic delay. Patterns of disease including location and progression of IBD in childhood differ substantially from adult- onset disease. Various treatment options are available for children and adolescents with IBD. Exclusive enteral nutrition plays a central role in the induction of remission of active Crohn＇s disease. Medical and surgical therapies need to considered within the context of a growing and developing child. the overall management of these chronic conditions in children should include multi-disciplinary expertise, with focus upon maintaining control of gut inflammation, optimising nutrition, growth and quality of life, whilst preventing disease or treatment-related complications.

关键词： Children Adolescents Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel diseases

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Widespread use of gastric acid inhibitors in infants:Are they needed? Are they safe?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and therapeutics 2016年第4期7卷 531-539页

作者： Mark Safe Wei H Chan steven t leach Lee Sutton Kei Lui Usha Krishnan Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Sydney Children’s Hospital School of Women’s and Children’s Health University of New South Wales Department of Newborn Care Royal Hospital for Women

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common phenomenon in infants,but the differentiation between gastro-esophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease can be *** are non-specific and there is increasing evidence that the majority of symptoms may not be *** this,gastric acid inhibitors such as proton pump inhibitors are widely and increasingly used,often without objective evidence or investigations to guide *** studies have shown that these medications are ineffective at treating symptoms associated with reflux in the absence of endoscopically proven *** a lack of evidence for efficacy,attention is now being turned to the potential risks of gastric acid *** assumed safety of these medications is being challenged with evidence of potential side effects including GI and respiratory infections,bacterial overgrowth,adverse bone health,food allergy and drug interactions.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux Infants Proton pump inhibitors Ranitidine Safety Adverse events

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Oesophageal atresia: the growth gap

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第12期26卷 1262-1272页

作者： Isabelle traini Jessica Menzies Jennifer Hughes steven thomas leach Usha Krishnan School of Women’s and Children’s Health University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia Department of Speech Pathology Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia

Poor growth is an under-recognised yet significant long-term sequelae of oesophageal atresia(OA)*** studies have specifically explored the reasons for growth impairment in this complex *** association between poor growth with younger age and fundoplication appears to have the strongest supportive evidence,highlighting the need for early involvement of a dietitian and speech pathologist,and consideration of optimal medical reflux management prior to referring for anti-reflux ***,it remains difficult to reach conclusions regarding other factors which may negatively influence growth,due to conflicting findings,inconsistent definitions and lack of validated tool *** swallowing and feeding difficulties are particularly frequent in younger children,their relationship with growth remains *** is possible that these morbidities impact on the diet of children with OA,but detailed analysis of dietary composition and quality,and its relationship with these complications and growth,has not yet been *** potential area of research in OA is the role of the microbiota in growth and *** the microbiota has been linked to growth impairment in other paediatric conditions,it is yet to be investigated in *** research is needed to identify the most important contributory factors to poor growth,the role of the intestinal microbiota,and effective interventions to maximise growth and nutritional outcomes in this cohort.

关键词： Oesophageal atresia Growth Malnutrition Feeding difficulty Dysphagia Microbiota

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type Ⅱ codes over finite rings

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第1期53卷 203-212页

作者： DOUGHERtY steven t Department of Mathematics University of Scranton ScrantonPA 18510 USA

In this paper,we generalize the concept of type Ⅱ codes to arbitrary finite rings. We focus on type Ⅱ codes over finite chain rings and use the Chinese Remainder theorem on these codes to study type Ⅱ codes over pr... 详细信息

关键词： finite principal ideal rings finite chain rings self-dual codes type Ⅱ codes

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Identification of differentially-expressed genes of rice in overlapping responses to bacterial infection by Xanthomonas oryzae *** and nitrogen deficiency

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第5期14卷 888-899页

作者： YU Chao CHEN Hua-min tIAN Fang BI Yong-mei Rothstein J steven leach E Jan HE Chen-yang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology College of Biological ScienceUniversity of Guelph Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University

Bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae ***（Xoo） is one of high nitrogen（N） responsive *** plants became more disease resistant with decreasing N suggesting that the crosstalk between disease resistance and N utilization pathways might ***,the co-regulatory components in such crosstalk have not been ***,we comparatively analyzed the gene expression profiling of rice under Xoo inoculation,low N treatment,or a combination of both stresses,and identified the differentially-expressed genes（DEGs） in overlapping *** DEGs were involved in different biological processes,including innate immunity and nitrogen *** randomly-selected DEGs expression was validated by quantitative real-time PCR *** expression of six genes from different functional categories suggested that N condition was the dominant factor when both stresses were *** DEGs identified provide novel insights into the coordinated regulatory mechanism in biotic and abiotic stress responses in rice.

关键词： Xanthomonas differentially overlapping abiotic blight responsive crosstalk pathogen encoding validated

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CYCLIC CODES OVER FORMAL POWER SERIES RINGS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2011年第1期31卷 331-343页

作者： Dougherty steven t. 刘宏伟 Department of Mathematics University of Scranton Department of Mathematics Huazhong Normal University

In this article, cyclic codes and negacyclic codes over formal power series rings are studied. the structure of cyclic codes over this class of rings is given, and the relationship between these codes and cyclic codes over finite chain rings is obtained. Using an isomorphism between cyclic and negacyclic codes over formal power series rings, the structure of negacyclic codes over the formal power series rings is obtained.

关键词： Finite chain rings cyclic codes negacyclic codes γ-adic codes

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KAI2-and MAX2-Mediated Responses to Karrikins and Strigolactones Are Largely Independent of HY5 in Arabidopsis Seedlings

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 63-75页

作者： Mark t. Waters steven M. Smitht Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia School of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia

Karrikins are butenolide compounds released from burning vegetation that stimulate seed germination and enhance seedling photomorphogenesis. Strigolactones are structurally similar plant hormones that regulate shoot and root development, and promote the germination of parasitic weed seeds. In Arabidopsis, the F-box protein MAX2 is required for responses to karrikins and strigolactones, and the a/~ hydrolase KAI2 is necessary for responses to karrikins. Both MAX2 and KAI2 are essential for normal light-dependent seedling development. the bZIP transcription factor HY5 acts downstream of multiple photoreceptors and promotes photomorphogenesis, but its relationship with MAX2 and KAI2 in terms of seedling development and responses to karrikins and strigolactones is poorly defined. Here, we dem- onstrate that HY5 action is genetically separable from that of MAX2 and KAI2. While by5 mutants have weak hypoco- tyl elongation responses to karrikins and the artificial strigolactone GR24, they have normal transcriptional responses, suggesting that HY5 is not involved in perception or action of karrikins or strigolactones. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of KAI2 is sufficient to enhance responses to both karrikins and GR24 in wild-type seedlings, and that KAI2 overexpression partially suppresses the hy5 long hypocotyl phenotype. these results suggest that KAI2 and MAX2 define a regulatory pathway that largely operates independently of HY5 to mediate seedling responses to abiotic signals such as smoke and light.

关键词： smoke karrikin strigolactone KAI2 HY5 photomorphogenesis.

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Entropy and enthalpy for triggering cutaneous erythema

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第4期8卷 54-57页

作者： steven L.Jacques Joseph t.Walsh Wellman Laboratories Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMAUSA Harvard Medical School-M.I.t. CambridgeMAUSA Oregon Health&Science University 3303 SW Bond Ave.PortlandORUSA 97239

the molar entropy(OS)and molar enthalpy(△H)for the denaturation event that triggers cutaneous erythema was determined to be △S=190J/(mole K)and△H=146.9×10^(3) J/*** experiment involved placing heated water against the skin of the forearm,for a range of termperatures and exposure *** the skin to 45℃ for 22 s was at the threshold for producing erythema,which was similar to the threshold for a slight degree of pain.

关键词： Skin erythema thermal entropy enthalpy

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Adherence to surveillance endoscopy following hospitalization for index esophageal variceal hemorrhage

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018年第4期10卷 40-48页

作者： Brendan t Everett steven D Lidofsky Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit University of Vermont Medical Center

AIM to investigate patient adherence to surveillance endoscopy after index esophageal variceal hemorrhage and the extent to which adherence influences *** We reviewed the records of patients with cirrhosis admitted to the medical intensive care unit between 2000 and 2014 for first time esophageal variceal hemorrhage treated with endoscopic variceal ligation who were subsequently discharged and scheduled for surveillance endoscopy at our medical center. Demographic and clinical data were obtained through the medical records, including etiology of cirrhosis, completion of variceal obliteration, attendance at surveillance endoscopy, zip code of primary residence, distance from home to hospital, insurance status, rehospitalization for variceal hemorrhage, beta-blocker at discharge, pharmacologically treated psychiatric disorder, and transplant free survival. RESULtS Of 99 consecutive survivors of esophageal variceal bleeding, the minority(33) completed variceal obliteration and fewer(12) adhered to annual surveillance. Completion of variceal obliteration was associated with fewer rehospitalizations for variceal rebleeding(27% vs 56%, P = 0.0099) and when rehospitalizations occurred, they occurred later in those who had completed obliteration(median 259 d vs 207 d, P = 0.0083). Incomplete adherence to endoscopic surveillance was associated with more rehospitalizations for variceal rebleeding compared to those fully adherent to annual endoscopic surveillance(51% vs 17%, P = 0.0328). those adherent to annual surveillance were more likely to be insured privately or through Medicare compared to those who did not attend post-hospital discharge endoscopy(100% vs 63%, P = 0.0119).CONCLUSION Most patients do not complete variceal obliteration after index esophageal variceal hemorrhage and fewer adhere to endoscopic surveillance, particularly the uninsured and those insured with Medicaid.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Endoscopy Esophageal varices Secondary prevention Patient adherence

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Constitutive modeling of ultra?fine?grained titanium flow stress for machining temperature prediction

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2019年第3期2卷 153-160页

作者： Jinqiang Ning Vinh Nguyen Yong Huang Karl t.Hartwig steven Y.Liang George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology801 Ferst DriveAtlantaGA 30332USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida231 MAE-AP.O.Box 116250GainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University3123 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843?3123USA

this work investigates the machining temperatures of ultra-fine-grained titanium(UFG ti),prepared by equal channel angular extrusion,through analytical *** ti has great usefulness in biomedical applications because of its high mechanical strength,sufficient manufacturability,and high *** temperatures were predicted using a physics-based predictive model based on material constitutive relation and mechanics of the orthogonal cutting *** minimization between the stress calculated using Johnson–Cook constitutive model and the same stress calculated using mechanics model yields the estimation of machining temperatures at two deformation *** agreements are observed upon validation to the values reported in the *** machinability of UFG ti is investigated by comparing its machining temperature to that of ti–6Al–4V alloy under the same cutting *** lower temperatures are observed in machining UFG *** computational efficiency of the presented model is investigated by comparing its average computational time(~0.5 s)to that of a widely used modified chip formation model(8900 s)with comparable prediction *** work extends the applicability of the presented temperature model to a broader class of materials,specifically ultra-fine-grained *** high computational efficiency allows the in situ temperature prediction and optimization of temperature condition with process parameters planning.

关键词： Ultra-fine-grained titanium Analytical modeling High computational efficiency Johnson–Cook model Cutting mechanics

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