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Interpreting atomization of agricultural spray image patterns using latent Dirichlet allocation techniques

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 253-261页

作者： Hongfei Li steven Cryer John Raymond Lipi Acharya Department of Statistics University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Data Science Corteva AgriscienceIndianapolisINUSA

Breakup patterns of agricultural formulations are explored using unsupervised learning techniques to elucidate themechanics of atomization for oil-in-water *** researchers have shown these formulations succumb to a different breakup mechanism than conventional formulations,beginning with inhomogeneities within the liquid sheet that nucleate holes within the material being sprayed,beginning themechanism responsible for breaking the sheet into *** Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA),a Bayesian hierarchical model,is used to explore unsupervised learning relationships between image analysis metrics on spray video data and the resulting atomization droplet *** factors discovered by LDA were used for classification of video segments and achieved 99.9%accuracy(3-fold cross validation).Seventy-five videos were used for regression where each video had a unique measured droplet size distribution(D10,D50,and D90 values)for *** using the features learnt by Latent Dirichlet Allocation used with regression have extremely good results(R^2~0.995 in 3-fold cross validation,R^2~0.963 on never-seen videos),which serves as evidence for the potential use of this model in image analysis of agricultural spray *** has huge potential in both learning and predicting atomization patterns[e.g.,driftable fines(dropsm)]when used with images based on the breakup phenomena in agricultural *** small drop sizes that occur during atomization have the greatest propensity for off-target movement through wind induced *** proved useful in characterizing current and future formulation designs using only images as witnessed by observations and excellent predictions summarized in this *** fact,thesemethods offer potential for use under field conditions to address spray performance based upon images of spray patterns at the nozzle without the need for expensive light scattering equipment often used to measure this phenomenon

关键词： atomization formulation image

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Response of microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 to different nutrient ratios and changes in phosphorus chemistry

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1040-1052页

作者： PENG Guotao steven W.WILHELm LIN Sijie WANG Xlangrong College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseTongj UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37920USA

Cyanobacterial blooms are a global problem, with their occurrence tightly tied to nutrient loading. We cultured microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 in growth medium with either inorganic(orthophosphate) or organic(β-glycerophosphate or polyphosphate) phosphorus and at different N:P ratios with 50:1, 30:1, 16:1, 4:1 and 1:4, serving as the phosphorus source. Fluorescence parameters were measured to determine the response of cellular responses to nutrient stress. Scanning electron microscopy(SEm) and estimates of antioxidant activity were employed to examine potential mechanisms of physical change. The results demonstrate that inorganic phosphorus was more bioavailable to m. aeruginosa relative to organic phosphorus in culture. The highest cell concentration(2.21×10~6 cells/mL), chlorophyll-a(0.39 pg/cell) and phycocyanin(1.57 pg/cell) quotas and high levels of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters( rETR, E_k, α, φ_(PSⅡ) and F_v/F_m) were obtained when phosphorus was supplied as K_2 HPO_4 at a N:P ratio of 16–30. Organic sources of phosphorus(β-glycerophosphate and polyphosphate) were bioavailable to m. aeruginosa. In addition, too concentrated orthophosphate(N:P=1:4) resulted in the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of cell membrane(identified by the antioxidant system activity), and the photosynthetic activity declined consequently. This study has demonstrated the effects of different phosphorus chemistries and N:P ratios on the cyanobacterial growth, photosynthetic activity and cell physiology, which could be an effective tool for predicting cyanobacterial dominance or N-deficiency in natural lakes(due to the superior ability of cyanobacteria for dissolved N and fix atmospheric N in some cases).

关键词： antioxidant system chlorophyll fluorescence parameters microcystis nutrient stress photosynthesis

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Viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and afterslip following the 2014 m_(W)8.1 Iquique earthquake

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Earthquake Research Advances 2021年第1期1卷 34-40页

作者： Zhiping Hu Yan Hu Segun steven Bodunde mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230000China

An improved understanding of postseismic crustal deformation following large subduction earthquakes may help to better understand the rheological properties of upper mantle and the slip behavior of subduction *** we construct a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to study the postseismic deformation of the 2014 m_(W)8.1 Iquique,Chile *** units in the model include the subducting slab,continental and oceanic *** units include the mantle wedge,the oceanic asthenosphere and upper *** use a 2 km thick weak shear zone attached to the subduction fault to simulate the time-dependent stress-driven *** viscoelastic relaxation in the rheological units is represented by the Burgers *** carry out grid-searches on the shear zone viscosity,thickness and viscosity of the asthenosphere,and they are determined to be 10^(17)Pa s,110 km and 2×10^(18)Pa s,*** stress-driven afterlsip within the first two years is up to~47 cm and becomes negligible after two years(no more than 5 cm/yr).Our results suggest that a thin,low-viscosity oceanic asthenosphere together with a weak shear zone attached to the fault are required to better reproduce the observed postseismic deformation.

关键词： 2014 m_(W)8.1 Iquique earthquake Postseismic viscoelastic relaxation Afterslip Finite element model Lithosphere geodynamics Upper mantle rheology

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Influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 121-129页

作者： Bryan m. KLUEVER Eric m. GESE steven J. DEmPSEY Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA

Anthropogenic manipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or communities is commonly employed by conservation and management agencies. One such action in arid regions is the construction and maintenance of water developments （i.e., wildlife guzzlers） adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence animal movements, or af- fect distributions of certain species of interest. Despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers remains largely untested. We employed a before-after control-impact （BACI） design over a 4-year period on the US Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA, to determine whether water avaiJability at wildlife guzzlers influenced relative abundance of black-tailed jackrabbits Lepus californicus and relative use of areas near that resource by coyotes Canis latrans, and whether coyote visitations to guzzlers would decrease following elimination of water. Eliminating water availability at guzzlers did not influence jackrabbit relative abundance. Coyote relative use was impacted by water availability, with elimination of water reducing use in areas associated with our treatment, but not with areas associated with our control. Visitations of radio-collared coyotes to guzzlers declined nearly 3-fold following elimination of water. Our study provides the first evidence of a potential direct effect of water sources on a mammalian carnivore in an arid environment, but the ecological relevance of our finding is debatable. Future investigations aimed at determining water effects on terrestrial mam- mals could expand on our findings by incorporating manipulations of water availability, obtaining absolute estimates of population parameters and vital rates and incorporating fine-scale spatiotem- poral data.

关键词： arid black-tailed jackrabbit Canis latrans coyote Lepus cafifornicus.

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Reducing unnecessary crossmatching for hip fracture patients by accounting for preoperative hemoglobin concentration

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第5期12卷 292-300页

作者： Raj m Amin Varun Puvanesarajah Yash P Chaudhry matthew J Best Sandesh S Rao steven m Frank Erik A Hasenboehler Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterStanfordCA 94305United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Philadelphia College of Osteopathic MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19122United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMD 02114United States Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States Department of Orthopaedics Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States

BACKGROUND maximum surgical blood order schedules were designed to eliminate unnecessary preoperative crossmatching prior to surgery in order to conserve blood bank *** protocols recommend type and cross of 2 red blood cell(RBC)units for patients undergoing surgery for treatment of hip *** hemoglobin has been identified as the strongest predictor of inpatient transfusion,but current maximum surgical blood order schedules do not consider preoperative hemoglobin values to determine the number of RBC units to prepare prior to *** To determine the preoperative hemoglobin level resulting in the optimal 2:1 crossmatch-to-transfusion(C:T)ratio in hip fracture surgery *** In 2015 a patient blood management(PBm)program was implemented at our institution mandating a single unit-per-occurrence transfusion policy and a restrictive transfusion threshold ofmoglobin in asymptomatic patients andmptomatic anemia or history of coronary artery *** identified all hip fracture patients between 2013 and 2017 and compared the preoperative hemoglobin which would predict a 2:1 C:T ratio in the pre PBm and post PBm *** profiling and sensitivity analysis were performed with statistical significance set at Pm *** requirements in the post PBm cohort were lower(51%vs 33%,Pm *** mean RBC units transfused per patient was 1.15 in the pre PBm cohort,compared to 0.66 in the post PBm cohort(Pmoglobin of 12.3 g/dL[area under the curve(AUC)0.78(95%confidence interval(CI),0.72-0.83),Sensitivity 0.66]in the pre PBm cohort and 10.7 g/dL[AUC 0.78(95%CI,0.73-0.83),Sensitivity 0.88]in the post PBm cohort.A

关键词： Hip fracture Transfusion Blood conservation Hemoglobin Type and cross maximum surgical blood order schedule

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Survival after inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3241-3248页

作者： Scott V Adams Dennis J Ahnen John A Baron Peter T Campbell steven Gallinger William m Grady Loic Lemarchand Noralane m Lindor John D Potter Polly A Newcomb Cancer Prevention Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA 98109United States Department of medicine Denver VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045United States Department of medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599United States Epidemiology Research Program Department of Intramural ResearchAmerican Cancer SocietyAtlantaGA 30303United States Division of General Surgery University of TorontoTorontoON M5G2C4Canada Cancer Research Center of Hawaii University of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96813United States Department of Health Science Research Mayo Clinic ArizonaScottsdaleAZ 85259United States

AIm: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. mETHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined. RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Outcomes research Cancer survival Inflammation

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Building durable climate clubs:Lessons from a comparative study of the APP and CEm

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2021年第2期19卷 117-124页

作者： Bowen Yu steven Bernstein matthew Hoffmann School of International Relations and Public Affairs Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China Department of Political Science the University of TorontoTorontoM5S 3G3Canada

Climate clubs are valuable platforms for international and public-private collaboration in global climate governance;however,not all climate clubs enjoy durable support from their *** existing literature attributes the varied fates of climate clubs to factors like legitimacy and club *** further argue that the norm-making function of clubs,the perceived value of club goods,and the costs of club good production collectively affect club *** present a comparative study on two U.S.-initiated climate clubs-the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate(APP)and the Clean Energy ministerial(CEm).While legitimacy concerns had some marginal influence on both clubs,the niche clubs occupy and the costs of club goods provision were crucial factors that influenced the two clubs’different *** APP’s failure was due to its focus on norm-making and providing information-oriented assistance to the private *** government interest in norm-making declined,the APP’s value declined ***,assistance to private sector actors was costly and less attractive to *** comparison,the CEm found its niche by focusing on facilitating policymaking in the clean energy sector in a cost-efficient *** make clubs durable,constructing an action-oriented working environment and providing value-added and low-cost services to key stakeholders are of great importance.

关键词： Climate club Legitimacy Club goods APP CEm

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From the battlefield to the bladder: The development of thio TEPA

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World Journal of Clinical Urology 2014年第3期3卷 195-200页

作者： Sean m Gallagher steven H Selman Department of Urology The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledo OH 43614 United States Department of Urology University of Toledo Medical CenterToledo OH 43614 United States

Effective medications for the treatment of cancer were nonexistent in the early twentieth *** the widespread use of toxic chemical weapons,chlorine and sulfur mustard gas,during the"Great War"led to the first successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer *** after the introduction of poisonous gas on the battlefield,reports of the resulting pancytopenia in exposed combatants appeared in the medical *** biologic effect of chemical weaponry on rapidly dividing cells eventually was recognized for its salutary potential in the treatment of *** this potential was appreciated,hundreds of similar compounds were synthesized and evaluated as chemotherapeutic *** such compound,thioT EPA,would eventually open the era of intravesical treatment of urothelial cancer.

关键词： ThioTEPA Bladder cancer Urothelial cancer Intravesical chemotherapy mustard gas mitomycin C

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Endorphinergic Attenuation of Distress by Concomitantly Enhancing Endogenous Opioid Release and Switching Opioid Receptor Signaling from an Excessively Excitatory to a Normal Inhibitory mode

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第7期3卷 497-508页

作者： steven Crain Stanley m. Crain Department of Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Yeshiva University New York USA Therapeutic Alliance State College USA

The endogenous opioid system plays a significant role in the modulation of distress in many psychiatric, neurologic, and neurodevelopmental disorders. many clinical distress symptoms show similarities to the excitatory autonomic withdrawal effects in chronic opioid-dependent animals and humans, as well as to the “quasi-morphine withdrawal syndrome” evoked in naive rodents shortly after acute systemic injection of cyclic AmP-phosphodiesterase (cAmP-PDE) inhibitors. These symptoms result from excessive excitatory opioid receptor signaling and increased endorphin release. Pharmacologic analyses of the remarkably plastic bimodal (excitatory/inhibitory) signaling functions of opioid receptors have utilized microelectrode recordings from opioid-sensitive neurons in tissue cultures of mouse sensory ganglia and hot-water tail-flick assays in mice. These studies led to development of specific chemical formulations that switch opioid receptor signaling from an excessively excitatory to a normal inhibitory mode. Critical combinations of cAmP-PDE inhibitors that release endorphins plus specific agents that switch opioid receptors from excitatory Gs-coupled to inhibitory Gi/Go-coupled signaling were shown to attenuate hyperalgesia and distress evoked by diverse chemical stressors in mouse tail-flick assays. Both the “quasi-morphine withdrawal syndrome” in naive rodents as well as the excitatory withdrawal effects in chronic, opioid-dependent animals and humans may be manifestations of a common Endorphinergic Distress Syndrome (EDS). We suggest that many distress symptoms are caused by EDS, a dysfunctional imbalance in the endogenous opioid system, consisting of abnormal endorphin levels, together with opioid receptors predominately in their excitatory mode. Therefore, concomitantly enhancing endogenous opioid release and switching excessive excitatory opioid receptor signaling to inhibitory signaling can attenuate these distress symptoms. Trials of a critically formulated oral p

关键词： Endorphins Bimodal Opioid Receptors Distress Opioid Analgesia Hyperalgesia Tolerance Dependence Endorphinergic Distress Disorder

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Ethnic diversity, tax limitations and public goods

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Chinese Business Review 2009年第12期8卷 1-16页

作者： steven m. Sheffrin Bei Li Institute of Governmental Affairs UC Davis Davis Ca. 95616 USA

One strand of research in public economics has found that increasing ethnic diversity leads to reductions in provision of productive public goods. Another strand of research has emphasized the key role that tax and expenditure limitations play in the provision of public services. This paper explores the interaction between these two effects. The regression results suggest that the prior results on ethnic diversity are robust when TELs are taken into consideration. In addition, the imposition of TELs mitigates the negative effect of ethnic fragmentation on the share of local spending on education and roads. It also mitigates the positive correlation between ethnic diversity and total local government revenue and expenditure per capita.

关键词： public goods ethnic diversity tax and expenditure limitations

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