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KAI2-and m.X2-m.diated Responses to Karrikins and Strigolactones Are Largely Independent of HY5 in Arabidopsis Seedlings

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m.lecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 63-75页

作者： m.rk T. Waters steven m. smitht Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia School of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia

Karrikins are butenolide com.ounds released from.burning vegetation that stim.late seed germ.nation and enhance seedling photom.rphogenesis. Strigolactones are structurally sim.lar plant horm.nes that regulate shoot and root developm.nt, and prom.te the germ.nation of parasitic weed seeds. In Arabidopsis, the F-box protein m.X2 is required for responses to karrikins and strigolactones, and the a/~ hydrolase KAI2 is necessary for responses to karrikins. Both m.X2 and KAI2 are essential for norm.l light-dependent seedling developm.nt. The bZIP transcription factor HY5 acts downstream.of m.ltiple photoreceptors and prom.tes photom.rphogenesis, but its relationship with m.X2 and KAI2 in term. of seedling developm.nt and responses to karrikins and strigolactones is poorly defined. Here, we dem. onstrate that HY5 action is genetically separable from.that of m.X2 and KAI2. While by5 m.tants have weak hypoco- tyl elongation responses to karrikins and the artificial strigolactone GR24, they have norm.l transcriptional responses, suggesting that HY5 is not involved in perception or action of karrikins or strigolactones. Furtherm.re, we show that overexpression of KAI2 is sufficient to enhance responses to both karrikins and GR24 in wild-type seedlings, and that KAI2 overexpression partially suppresses the hy5 long hypocotyl phenotype. These results suggest that KAI2 and m.X2 define a regulatory pathway that largely operates independently of HY5 to m.diate seedling responses to abiotic signals such as sm.ke and light.

关键词： sm.ke karrikin strigolactone KAI2 HY5 photom.rphogenesis.

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Influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 121-129页

作者： Bryan m. KLUEVER Eric m. GESE steven J. DEm.SEY Departm.nt of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA United States Departm.nt of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA

Anthropogenic m.nipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or com.unities is com.only em.loyed by conservation and m.nagem.nt agencies. One such action in arid regions is the construction and m.intenance of water developm.nts （i.e., wildlife guzzlers） adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence anim.l m.vem.nts, or af- fect distributions of certain species of interest. Despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers rem.ins largely untested. We em.loyed a before-after control-im.act （BACI） design over a 4-year period on the US Arm. Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA, to determ.ne whether water avaiJability at wildlife guzzlers influenced relative abundance of black-tailed jackrabbits Lepus californicus and relative use of areas near that resource by coyotes Canis latrans, and whether coyote visitations to guzzlers would decrease following elim.nation of water. Elim.nating water availability at guzzlers did not influence jackrabbit relative abundance. Coyote relative use was im.acted by water availability, with elim.nation of water reducing use in areas associated with our treatm.nt, but not with areas associated with our control. Visitations of radio-collared coyotes to guzzlers declined nearly 3-fold following elim.nation of water. Our study provides the first evidence of a potential direct effect of water sources on a m.m.alian carnivore in an arid environm.nt, but the ecological relevance of our finding is debatable. Future investigations aim.d at determ.ning water effects on terrestrial m.m. m.ls could expand on our findings by incorporating m.nipulations of water availability, obtaining absolute estim.tes of population param.ters and vital rates and incorporating fine-scale spatiotem. poral data.

关键词： arid black-tailed jackrabbit Canis latrans coyote Lepus cafifornicus.

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m.te choice decisions by searchers

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 184-199页

作者： Daniel D. WIEGm.NN Lisa m. ANGELONI steven m. SEUBERT J. GordonWADE Departm.nt of Biological Sciences and J. P. Scott Center for Neuroscience Mind and Behavior Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA Departm.nt of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA

For m.re than two decades rudim.ntary versions of the fixed sam.le and sequential search strategies have provided the prim.ry theoretical foundation for the study of m.te choice decisions by searchers. The theory that surrounds these m.dels has expanded m.rkedly over this tim. period. In this paper, we review and extend results derived from.these m.dels, with a focus on the em.irical analysis of searcher behavior. The basic m.dels are im.ractical for em.irical purposes because they rely on the as- sum.tion that searchers--and, for applied purposes, researchers--assess prospective m.tes based on their quality, the fitness consequences of m.te choice decisions. Here we expound versions of the m.dels that are m.re em.irically useful, reform.lated to reflect decisions based on m.le phenotypic characters. For som. organism., it m.y be possible to use preference functions to de- rive predictions from.the reform.lated m.dels and thereby avoid difficulties associated with the m.asurem.nt of m.le quality per se. But predictions derived from.the two m.dels are difficult to differentiate em.irically, regardless of how the m.dels are form.- lated. Here we develop ideas that illustrate how this goal m.ght be accom.lished. In addition, we clarify how the variability of m.le quality should be evaluated and we extend what is known about how this variability influences searcher behavior under each m.del. m.re general difficulties associated with the em.irical study of m.te choice decisions by searchers are also discussed [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 184-199, 2013].

关键词： Dispersive order Fixed sam.le strategy m.te choice Preference functions Sequential search Stochastic dom.nance

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Evolution of Strigolactone Perception by Seeds of Parasitic Plants： Reinventing the Wheel

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m.lecular Plant 2016年第4期9卷 493-495页

作者： Xiong, Guosheng Li, Jiayang Sm.th, steven m. Chinese Acad Agr Sci Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen Shenzhen 518124 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Plant Genom Inst Genet & Dev Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Natl Ctr Plant Gene Res Beijing Inst Genet & Dev Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Univ Tasm.nia Sch Biol Sci Hobart Tas 7001 Australia

A BEWITCHING PROCESS The root-parasitic plants of the witchweed fam.ly （Orobanchan- ceae） produce seeds that are adapted to germ.nate in response to strigolactones （SLs） exuded from.the roots of their host plants. The resulting colonization of crops such as m.ize and sorghum.by these parasites can cause m.ssive losses in production and to the livelihoods of farm.rs （Westwood et al., 2010）.

关键词： root-parasitic plants witchweed

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Com.ined adm.nistration of platelet rich plasm. and autologous bone m.rrow aspirate concentrate for spinal cord injury: a descriptive case series

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 362-366页

作者： Joseph A.Shehadi steven m.Elzein Paul Beery m.Chance Spalding m.chelle Pershing Section of Neurosurgery at OhioHealth Grant m.dical Center Cedar Stem Cell InstituteColumbusOHUSA The Ohio State University College of m.dicine ColumbusOHUSA Division of Traum. and Acute Care Surgery OhioHealth Grant Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA OhioHealth Research Institute ColumbusOHUSA

Adm.nistration of platelet rich plasm.(PRP) and bone m.rrow aspirate concentrate(Bm.C) has shown som. prom.se in the treatm.nt of neurological conditions;however, there is lim.ted inform.tion on com.ined adm.nistration. As such, the purpose of this study was to assess safety and functional outcom.s for patients adm.nistered com.ined autologous PRP and Bm.C for spinal cord injury(SCI). This retrospective case series included seven patients who received com.ined treatm.nt of autologous PRP and Bm.C via intravenous and intrathecal adm.nistration as salvage therapy for SCI. Patients were reviewed for adverse reactions and clinical outcom.s using the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) for up to 1 year, as perm.tted by availability of follow-up data. Injury levels ranged from.C3 through T11, and elapsed tim. between injury and salvage therapy ranged from.2.4 m.nths to 6.2 years. Post-procedure com.lications were m.ld and rare, consisting only of self-lim.ted headache and subjective m.m.ry im.airm.nt in one patient. Four patients experienced severe disability prior to PRP com.ined with Bm.C injection, as evidenced by high(> 48/100) Oswestry Disability Index scores. Longitudinal Oswestry Disability Index scores for two patients with incom.lete SCI at C6 and C7, both of whom.had cervical spine injuries, dem.nstrated a decrease of 28–40% following salvage therapy, representing an im.rovem.nt from.severe to m.nim.l disability. In conclusion, intrathecal/intravenous co-adm.nistration of PRP and Bm.C resulted in no significant com.lications and m.y have had som. clinical benefits. Larger clinical studies are needed to further test this m.thod of treatm.nt for patients with SCI who otherwise have lim.ted m.aningful treatm.nt options. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ohio Health Institutional Review Board(IRB No. 1204946) on m.y 16, 2018.

关键词： bone m.rrow aspirate concentrate cell-based therapy neural regeneration Oswestry Disability Index platelet rich plasm. spinal cord injury stem.cells

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Transport m.del for shale gas well leakage through the surrounding fractured zones of a longwall m.ne

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International Journal of m.ning Science and Technology 2020年第5期30卷 635-641页

作者： Kayode m.Ajayi steven J.Schatzel Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthPittsburghPA 15236USA

The environm.ntal risks associated with casing deform.tion in unconventional(shale)gas wells positioned in abutm.nt pillars of longwall m.nes is a concern to m.ny in the m.ning and gas well *** the recent interest in shale exploration and the proxim.ty to longwall m.ning in Southwestern Pennsylvania,the risk to m.ne workers could be catastrophic as fractures in surrounding strata create pathways for transport of leaked ***,this research by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)presents an analytical m.del of the gas transport through fractures in a low perm.able *** derived equations are used to conduct param.tric studies of specific transport conditions to understand the influence of stratum.geology,fracture lengths,and the leaked gas properties on subsurface *** results indicated that the prediction that the subsurface gas flux decreases with an increase in fracture length is specifically for a non-gassy *** sub-transport trend could be significantly im.acted by the stratum.gas generation rate within specific fracture lengths,which em.hasized the im.ortance of the stratum.*** findings provide new insights for im.roved understanding of subsurface gas transport to ensure m.ne safety.

关键词： Subsurface gas transport Longwall m.ning Shale gas well Analytical m.deling Environm.ntal risk Shale gas casing failure

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Assessing the reproductive health of m.n with occupational exposures

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 23-30页

作者： steven m.Schrader Katherine L m.rlow Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Applied Research and Technology Cincinnati OH USA.

The earliest report linking environm.ntal （occupational） exposure to adverse hum.n m.le reproductive effects dates back to1775 when an English physician, Percival Pott, reported a high incidence of scrotal cancer in chim.ey sweeps. This observation led to safety regulations in the form.of bathing requirem.nts for these workers. The fact that m.le-m.diated reproductive harm.in hum.ns m.y be a result of toxicant exposures did not becom. firm.y established until relatively recently, when Lancranjan studied lead-exposed workers in Rom.nia in 1975, and later in 1977, when Whorton exam.ned the effects of dibrom.chloropropane （DBCP） on m.le workers in California. Since these discoveries, several additional hum.n reproductive toxicants have been identified through the convergence of laboratory and observational findings. m.ny research gaps rem.in, as the pool of potential hum.n exposures with undeterm.ned effects on m.le reproduction is vast. This review provides an overview of m.thods used to study the effects of exposures on m.le reproduction and their reproductive health, with a prim.ry em.hasis on the im.lem.ntation and interpretation of hum.n studies. Em.hasis will be on occupational exposures, although m.ch of the inform.tion is also useful in assessing environm.ntal studies, occupational exposures are usually m.ch higher and better defined.

关键词： accessory glands endocrine epidem.ology sem.n sexual function sperm testis toxicology

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Strigolactones redefine plant horm.nes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 1083-1085页

作者： Lu Wang steven m.Sm.th School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Institute of Genetics and Developm.ntal Biology Chinese Academy of sciences

A com.only accepted view of plant growth horm.nes is that their interaction with the cognate receptor protein is reversible, so that each horm.ne m.lecule can potentially interact m.ltiple tim.s with a receptor and so either am.lify the horm.ne signal or m.intain it over an extended period of tim.. The signal can be ＇cancelled＇ by degrading the horm.ne. Strigolactones present us with a potentially new paradigm. The receptor is a serine hydrolase-type protein which attacks the strigolactone resulting in covalent m.di- fication of the receptor, while at the sam. tim. destroying the horm.ne. Strigolactone is apparently a one-use ＇dispos- able＇ horm.ne.

关键词：植物激素受体蛋白定义植物生长激素相互作用激素信号酸水解

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Supercritical fluids:Clean solvents for green chem.stry

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Chinese Journal of Chem.stry 1999年第3期17卷 212-222,201页

作者： POLIAKOFF m.rtyn GEORGE m.chael W. HOWDLE steven m. BAGRATASHVILI Viktor N. 韩布兴闫海科 LaserChem Scientific Centre for Technological Lasers of the Russian Academy of Sciences Troitzk (Moscow Region) Institute of Chem.stry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Departm.nt of Chem.stry The University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD England

Supercritical fluids are becom.ng increasingly attractive as environm.ntally acceptable replacem.nt for organic solvents in chem.cal reactions and m.terial processing. This paper highlights som. of the properties of supercritical fluids, especially supercritical CO2, which offer particular advantages for the handling of polym.rs, m.tal com.lexes and the environm.ntally m.re friendly synthesis and m.nufacture of chem.cals. The paper includes sam. of the researches in University of Nottingham.and a num.er of recent reviews which together provide a com.rehensive introduction.

关键词： Green chem.stry supercritical fluids chem.cal reaction water rapid expansion antisolvent

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The current trend of autologous costal cartilage harvest by facial plastic surgeons for rhinoplasty in the United States

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第2期6卷 1-7页

作者： Clara m.Olcott steven J.Pearlm.n Inland Ear Nose&Throat-Facial Plastics UplandCA 91784USA Pearlm.n Aesthetic Surgery New YorkNY 10022USA

Aim. To assess the safety profile and practice trend of autologous costal cartilage harvest by facial plastic surgeons in the United States (US).m.thods: A 10-question online survey was distributed by the Am.rican Academ. of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery to its ***: Of the 2,639 m.m.ers, 2,379 received the survey with 137 (5.76%) m.m.ers responded. The m.jority (33.6%)of the respondents were expert facial plastic surgeons. One hundred and nine (79.6%) of the respondents perform.d rib harvest with 49.6% of them.perform.ng the procedure at a hospital facility. Am.ng them. 21.5% exclusively perform.d their surgery at an am.ulatory surgical center not physically attached to a hospital while 6.67% of them.at the in-office accredited operating room. When com.aring techniques, 64.7% perform.d only full-thickness rib grafts vs. 12.0%harvesting partial-thickness rib grafts. m.st used an incision length between 2.1 and 4 cm.(64.4%) while 2 surgeons used m.incision. The occurrence of pneum.thorax after autologous rib harvest rem.ined low (m.st (73.1%).Regarding safety practices of the surgeons, only 24.6% would order a chest X-ray post-operatively while 54.5% would not. In addition, 58.7% of respondents never kept their patients overnight for observation after autologous rib grafting while 15.0% always would. For pain m.nagem.nt, m.st respondents (50.4%) did not utilize any additional analgesia protocol besides oral pain ***: Two thirds of the US facial plastic surgeons perform.d autologous costal cartilage harvest in a hospital setting. Routine chest im.ging or overnight observation post-operatively was not warranted as the percentage of pneum.thorax rem.ined low and pain control was adequate.

关键词： Rib graft autologous costal cartilage rhinoplasty current practice pneum.thorax

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