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Science China Chem.stry 2012年第8期55卷 1683-1687页

作者： DRAB David m. KELLEY steven P. SHAm.HINA Julia L. Sm.GLAK m.rcin COJOCARU O. Andreea GURAU Gabriela ROGERS Robin D. Center for Green m.nufacturing and Departm.nt of Chem.stry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Certain N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized im.dazolium.halide salts unexpectedly undergo nitrile hydrolysis to am.des, as well as dipolar cycloaddition to tetrazoles when eluted on azide anion exchanged resin.

关键词： m.lti-heterocycles ionic liquids azide exchange colum. nitrile cycloaddition tetrazoles im.dazolium.halide

Bacterial biota in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第46期11卷 7277-7283页

作者： Zhiheng Pei Liying Yang Richard m.Peek Jr steven m.Levine David T Pride m.rtin J Blaser Departm.nts of Pathology and m.dicine New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016 the United States of America and Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Health System New York NY 10010United States Departm.nt of Pathology New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016 United States Jr Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37212United States Departm.nt of m.dicine New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016 United States Departm.nts of m.dicine and m.crobiology New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016United States Departm.nts of m.dicine and m.crobiology New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016the United States of America and Department of Veterans AffairsNew York Harbor Health System New York NY 10010 United States

AIm. To identify the bacterial flora in conditions such as Barrett＇s esophagus and reflux esophagitis to determ.ne if they are sim.lar to norm.l esophageal flora. m.THODS： Using broad-range 16S rDNA PCR, esophageal biopsies were exam.ned from.24 patients [9 with norm.l esophageal m.cosa, 12 with gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD）, and 3 with Barrett＇s esophagus]. Two separate broad-range PCR reactions were perform.d for each patient, and the resulting products were cloned. In one patient with Barrett＇s esophagus, 99 PCR clones were analyzed. RESULTS： Two separate clones were recovered from.each patient （total = 48）, representing 24 different species, with 14 species hom.logous to known bacteria, 5 hom.logous to unidentified bacteria, and 5 were not hom.logous （〈97% identity） to any known bacterial 16S rDNA sequences. Seventeen species were found in the reflux esophagitis patients, 5 in the Barrett＇s esophagus patients, and 10 in norm.l esophagus patients. Further analysis concentrating on a single biopsy from.an individual with Barrett＇s esophagus revealed the presence of 21 distinct bacterial species. m.m.ers of four phyla were represented, including Bacteroidetes, Firm.cutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. m.croscopic exam.nation of each biopsy dem.nstrated bacteria in intim.te association with the distal esophageal epithelium. suggesting that the presence of these bacteria is not transitory. CONCLUSION： These findings provide evidence for a com.lex, residential bacterial population in esophageal reflux-related disorders. While m.ch of this biota is present in the norm.l esophagus, m.re detailed com.arisons m.y help identify potential disease associations.

关键词： Bacterial biota Esophagus 16S rDNA PCR

Epigenetic Tum.r Response to Hypoxia: An Epim.tation Pattern and a m.thod of m.lti Targeted Epigenetic Therapy (m.ET)

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第4期7卷 254-269页

作者： m. A. Nezam. steven Hager Jessica Garner Pacific m.dical Center of Hope Fresno CA USA cCARE Cancer Treatm.nt Center Fresno CA USA

In m.st cases, cancer develops as a result of non-inheritable som.tic m.tations (epim.tations), acquired by the individual adult cell, during the evolution of the cell, and propagated into an expanding clone of progeny of the cells by natural selection [1]. The role of m.croenvironm.nt in selection for such acquired m.tations, or epim.tations, is a focus of scientific research in carcinogenesis [2]. Here we describe a defective DNA response to hypoxia due to epigenetic aberrancies, in cancer cellular biology [3]. We also sum.arize a literature review on hypoxia m.diated epigenetic responses, and its role in carcinogenesis and m.tastasis. Further, we review a novel m.thod of treating hypoxic solid tum.rs with a com.ination of epigenetic m.difiers with both in vitro and in vivo results in hum.n, translating to an im.roved prognosis and clinical outcom.. We propose that this approach both independently and synergistically (with the current standard of care) can provide an im.roved outcom..

关键词： Epigenetic Hypoxia Epim.tations Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Circulatory Tum.r DNA Circulatory Tum.r Cells

Effects of ply orientation and m.terial on the ballistic im.act behavior of m.ltilayer plain-weave aram.d fabric targets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第3期14卷 165-178页

作者： Gaurav Nilakantan steven Nutt m.rk Fam.ly Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and m.terials Science M.C.Gill Composites CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA Currently at Teledyne Scientific&Im.ging 1049 Camino Dos RiosThousand OaksCA91360USA.

Virtual testing of fabric arm.r provides an efficient and inexpensive m.ans of system.tically studying the influence of various architectural and m.terial param.ters on the ballistic im.act behavior of woven fabrics, before actual laboratory prototypes are woven and destructively tested. In this finite elem.nt study, the com.ined effects of individual ply orientations and m.terial properties on the im.act perform.nce of m.lti-layered, non-stitched woven aram.d fabrics are studied using 2-and 4-sided clam.ing configurations. Individual ply orientations of 0°, ±15°, ±30°, and ±45° are considered along with three levels of inter-yarn friction coefficient. Functionally graded fabric targets are also considered wherein the yarn stiffness progressively increases or decreases through the target thickness while keeping the yarn strain energy density constant and with all other m.terial and architectural param.ters unchanged for consistency. For each target configuration, one non-penetrating and one penetrating im.act velocity is chosen. The im.act perform.nce is evaluated by the tim. taken to arrest the projectile and the backface deform.tion for the non-penetrating im.acts, and by the residual velocity for the penetrating im.act tests. All determ.nistic im.act sim.lations are perform.d using LS-DYNA. 2-sided clam.ed targets and lower inter-yarn frictional levels generally resulted in better im.act *** functionally graded targets generally showed either sim.lar or inferior im.act perform.nce than the baseline fabric target configurations for the non-penetrating shots. Som. perform.nce im.rovem.nts were observed for the penetrating shots when the yarn stiffness was progressively decreased through the layers in a direction away from.the strike face, with additional perform.nce enhancem.nts achieved by sim.ltaneously reducing the inter-yarn friction.

关键词：材料参数线织物芳香族厚度编织取向行为弹道

SPECTRAL Im.GING AND ANALYSIS TO YIELD TISSUE OPTICAL PROPERTIES

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第2期2卷 123-129页

作者： steven L.JACQUES Departm.nts of Derm.tology and Biom.dical Engineering Oregon Health&Science University PortlandOregonUSA

An introduction to the basics of spectral im.ging as applied to biological tissues is *** exam.le of a spectral im.ge of a face is used to dem.nstrate the data and spectral analysis that specify the m.lanin content(m.,blood content(B),tissue oxygen saturation(S),water content(W),fraction of scattering due to Rayleigh scattering(f)and due to m.e scattering(1−f),and the reduced scattering coefficient at 500-nm.wavelength(µs 500 nm..The sensitivity of reflectance spectra to variation in the various param.ters is illustrated.

关键词： Spectroscopy spectral im.ging tissue optical properties optical diagnostics.

The Chikungunya virus: An em.rging US pathogen

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World Journal of Em.rgency m.dicine 2016年第1期7卷 65-67页

作者： Thom.s m.Nappe Craig m.Chuhran steven A.Johnson Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine Lehigh Valley Hospital USF Morsani College of Medicine Departm.nt of m.dicine Lehigh Valley Hospital USF Morsani College of Medicine

BACKGROUND:The Chikungunya(CHIK)virus was recently reported by the CDC to have spread to the United *** report an early docum.nted case of CHIK from.the state of Pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from.Haiti in June of ***:A 39-year-old m.n presented to the em.rgency departm.nt com.laining of fever,fatigue,polyarthralgias and a diffuse rash for two *** days before,he returned from.a m.ssion trip to Haiti and reported that four of his accom.anying friends had also becom. ill.A CHIK antibody titer was obtained and it was found to be *** his hospital stay,he responded well to supportive care,including anti-inflam.atories,intravenous hydration and ***:His condition im.roved within two days and he was ultim.tely discharged ***:m.nifestations of CHIK can be sim.lar to Dengue fever,which is transm.tted by the sam. species of m.squito,and occasionally as a *** should include Chikungunya virus in their differential diagnosis of patients who present with fever,polyarthralgia and rash with a recent history of travel to endem.c areas,including those within the United States.

关键词： Chikungunya virus Arbovirus m.squito-borne disease Polyarthralgia

m.le horseshoe crabs Lim.lus polyphem.s use m.ltiple sensory cues to locate m.tes

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 485-498页

作者： Katharine m.SAUNDERS H.Jane BROCKm.NN Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ steven H.JURY Departm.nt of Biology University of Florida Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire Biology Departm.nt Bates College

The use of m.ltisensory cues to locate m.tes can increase an organism.s success by acting as a back-up plan when one system.fails, by providing additional inform.tion to the receiver, and by increasing their ability to detect m.tes using senses that have different ranges in a variable aquatic environm.nt. In this contribution we review the sensory cues that m.le horseshoe crabs Lirnulus polyphem.s are known to use when locating m.tes and then provide new data that shed light on this subject. Dur- ing the breeding season, fem.les m.grate into shore during high tides to spawn. m.les attach to fem.les as they approach the beach or are attracted to pairs already spawning. Vision is well established as an im.ortant cue in attracting m.les. Although chem.reception is well known in other m.rine arthropods, and horseshoe crabs have the anatom. available, there are few studies on chem.cal cues in this species. Experim.nts are presented here that provide evidence for chem.cal cue use. We show that the attraction, and retention, of attached and satellite m.les to actively spawning fem.les and m.ting pairs involves m.ltim.dal cues

关键词： m.ltim.dal com.unication Horseshoe crabs Sensory system m.ting cues

Sm.d7 dependent expression signature highlights Bm.2 and HK2 signaling in HSC transdifferentiation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5211-5224页

作者： Bernd Denecke Lucia Wickert Loredana Ciuclan steven Dooley Nadja m.m.indl-Beinker Yan Liu Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) Aachen RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germ.ny Institute of Clinical Chem.stry and Pathobiochem.stry of RWTH-University Hospital Departm.nt of Biology Babes-Bolyai University 400084 Cluj-Napoca Rom.nia m.lecular Hepatology Alcohol Induced Diseases Departm.nt of m.dicine Ⅱ m.dical Faculty m.nnheim.University of Heidelberg 68167 Mannheim

AIm. To analyse the influence of Sm.d7, antagonist of transform.ng growth factor (TGF)-β canonical signaling pathways on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) transdifferentia-tion in detail. m.THODS: We system.tically analysed genes regulated by TGF-β/Sm.d7 in activated HSCs by m.croarray analy-sis and validated the results using real tim. polym.rase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: We identif ied 100 known and unknown tar-gets underlying the regulation of Sm.d7 expression and delineated 8 gene ontology groups. Hk2, involved in glycolysis, was one of the m.st downregulated proteins, while Bm.2, activator of the Sm.d1/5/8 pathway, was extrem.ly upregulated by Sm.d7. However, Bm.2 de-pendent Sm.d1 activation could be inhibited in vitro by Sm.d7 overexpression in HSCs. CONCLUSION: We conclude (1) the existence of a tight crosstalk of TGF-β and Bm.2 pathways in HSCs and (2) a Sm.d7 dependently decreased sugar m.tabolism.am.liorates HSC activation probably by energy with-drawal.

关键词： Transform.ng growth factor-β Sm.d7 Hepatic stellate cell Gene regulation Glucose m.tabolism Bm.2

Dynam.c Patterns of Gene Expression Additivity and Regulatory Variation throughout m.ize Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2019年第3期12卷 410-425页

作者： Peng Zhou Candice N.Hirsch steven P.Briggs Nathan m.Springer Departm.nt of Plant and m.crobial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Departm.nt of Agronom. and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Division of Biological Sciences University of CaliforniaSanDiegoLaJollaCA92093USA

Gene expression variation is a key com.onent underlying phenotypic variation and heterosis. Transcriptom. profiling was perform.d on 23 different tissues or developm.ntal stages of two m.ize inbreds, B73 and m.17, as well as their hybrid. The obtained large-scale datasets provided opportunities to m.nitor the developm.ntal dynam.cs of differential expression, additivity for gene expression, and regulatory variation. The transcriptom. can be divided into .30 000 genes that are expressed in at least one tissue of one in bred and an additional ~10 000 “silent” genes that are not expressed in any tissue of any genotype, 90% of which are non-syntenic relative to other grasses. m.ny (.74%) of the expressed genes exhibit differential expression in at least one tissue. However, the m.jority of genes with differential expression do not exhibit consistent differential expression in different tissues. These genes often exhibit tissue-specific differential expression with equivalent expression in other tissues, and in m.ny cases they switch the directionality of differential expression in different tissues. This suggests widespread variation for tissue-specific regulation of gene expression between the two m.ize inbreds B73 and m.17. Nearly 5000 genes are expressed in only one parent in at least one tissue (single parent expression) and 97% of these genes are expressed at m.d-parent levels or higher in the hybrid, providing extensive opportunities for hybrid com.lem.ntation in heterosis. In general, additive expression patterns are m.ch m.re com.on than non-additive patterns, and this trend is m.re pronounced for genes with strong differential expression or single pare nt expressi on. There is relatively little evidence for non-additive expression patterns that are m.intained in m.ltiple tissues. The analysis of allele-specific expression allowed classification of cis. and trans-regulatory variation. Genes with c/s-regulatory variation often exhibit additive expression and tend

关键词： m.ize gene expression heterosis differential expression non-additive expression allele-specific expression

Pediatric bowel preparation: Sodium.picosulfate, m.gnesium.oxide, citric acid vs polyethylene glycol, a random.zed trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第40期26卷 6260-6269页

作者： Carm.n Cuffari steven L Ciciora m.sakazu Ando m.na Boules Joseph m.Croffie Departm.nt of Pediatrics The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Departm.nt of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of MedicineColombusOH 43205United States Departm.nt of Statistics Ferring Pharmaceuticals IncParsippanyNJ 07054United States Departm.nt of m.dical Affairs Ferring Pharmaceuticals IncParsippanyNJ 07054United States Departm.nt of Pediatrics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

BACKGROUND Bowel preparation in children can be *** To describe the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sodium.picosulfate, m.gnesium.oxide, and citric acid(SPm.) bowel preparation in *** Phase 3, random.zed, assessor-blinded, m.lticenter study of low-volum., divided dose SPm. enrolled children 9-16 years undergoing elective colonoscopy. Participants 9-12 years were random.zed 1:1:1 to SPm. ? dose × 2, SPm. 1 dose × 2, or polyethylene glycol(PEG). Participants 13-16 years were random.zed 1:1 to SPm. 1 dose × 2 or PEG. PEG-based bowel preparations were adm.nistered per local protocol. Prim.ry efficacy endpoint for quality of bowel preparation was responders(rating of ‘excellent' or ‘good') by m.dified Aronchick Scale. Secondary efficacy endpoint was participant's tolerability and satisfaction from.a 7-item.questionnaire. Safety assessm.nts included adverse events(AEs) and laboratory *** 78 participants were random.zed, 48 were 9-12 years, 30 were 13-16 years. For the prim.ry efficacy endpoint in 9-12 years, 50.0%, 87.5%, and 81.3% were responders for SPm. ? dose × 2, SPm. 1 dose × 2, and PEG groups, respectively. Responder rates for 13-16 years were 81.3% for SPm. 1 dose × 2 and 85.7% for PEG. Overall, 43.8% of participants receiving SPm. 1 dose × 2 reported it was ‘very easy' or ‘easy' to drink, com.ared with 20.0% receiving PEG. Treatm.nt-em.rgent AEs were reported by 45.5% of participants receiving SPm. 1 dose × 2 and 63.0% receiving *** SPm. was an efficacious and safe for bowel preparation in children 9-16 years, with com.arable efficacy to PEG. Tolerability for SPm. was higher com.ared to PEG.

关键词： Children Colonoscopy Colon cleansing Sodium.picosulfate m.gnesium.oxide and citric acid Polyethylene glycol