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Pediatric bowel preparation: Sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, citric acid vs polyethylene glycol, a randomized trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第40期26卷 6260-6269页

作者： Carmen Cuffari steven l ciciora Masakazu Ando Mena Boules Joseph M Croffie Department of Pediatrics The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of MedicineColombusOH 43205United States Department of Statistics Ferring Pharmaceuticals IncParsippanyNJ 07054United States Department of Medical Affairs Ferring Pharmaceuticals IncParsippanyNJ 07054United States Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

BACKGROUND Bowel preparation in children can be *** To describe the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid(SPMC) bowel preparation in *** Phase 3, randomized, assessor-blinded, multicenter study of low-volume, divided dose SPMC enrolled children 9-16 years undergoing elective colonoscopy. Participants 9-12 years were randomized 1:1:1 to SPMC ? dose × 2, SPMC 1 dose × 2, or polyethylene glycol(PEG). Participants 13-16 years were randomized 1:1 to SPMC 1 dose × 2 or PEG. PEG-based bowel preparations were administered per local protocol. Primary efficacy endpoint for quality of bowel preparation was responders(rating of ‘excellent' or ‘good') by modified Aronchick Scale. Secondary efficacy endpoint was participant's tolerability and satisfaction from a 7-item questionnaire. Safety assessments included adverse events(AEs) and laboratory *** 78 participants were randomized, 48 were 9-12 years, 30 were 13-16 years. For the primary efficacy endpoint in 9-12 years, 50.0%, 87.5%, and 81.3% were responders for SPMC ? dose × 2, SPMC 1 dose × 2, and PEG groups, respectively. Responder rates for 13-16 years were 81.3% for SPMC 1 dose × 2 and 85.7% for PEG. Overall, 43.8% of participants receiving SPMC 1 dose × 2 reported it was ‘very easy' or ‘easy' to drink, compared with 20.0% receiving PEG. Treatment-emergent AEs were reported by 45.5% of participants receiving SPMC 1 dose × 2 and 63.0% receiving *** SPMC was an efficacious and safe for bowel preparation in children 9-16 years, with comparable efficacy to PEG. Tolerability for SPMC was higher compared to PEG.

关键词： Children Colonoscopy Colon cleansing Sodium picosulfate magnesium oxide and citric acid Polyethylene glycol

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Applying machine learning to study fluid mechanics

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第12期37卷 1718-1726页

作者： steven l.Brunton Department of Mechanical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

This paper provides a short overview of how to use machine learning to build data-driven models in fluid *** process of machine learning is broken down into five stages:(1)formulating a problem to model,(2)collecting and curating training data to inform the model,(3)choosing an architecture with which to represent themodel,(4)designing a loss function to assess the performance of the model,and(5)selecting and implementing an optimization algorithm to train the *** each stage,we discuss how prior physical knowledge may be embedding into the process,with specific examples from the field of fluid mechanics.

关键词： Machine learning Fluid mechanics Physics-informed machine learning Neural networks Deep learning

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Organizational Behavior steven l. McShane 3rd ed.; international ed.

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2005年

作者： steven l. McShane

Subtitle on cover: Emerging realities for the workplace revolution.

ISBN: (数字)0072931477

ISBN: (纸本)0072931477

Subtitle on cover: Emerging realities for the workplace revolution.

关键词： Organizational behavior.

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FRACTAl NATURE OF lIGHT SCATTERING IN TISSUES

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： steven l.JACQUES Dermatology and Biomedical Engineering Oregon Health and Science University 3303 SW Bond Ave Portland OR97239USA

light scattering by a tissue has a wavelength dependence that depends on the size distribution of scatterers in the *** measuring the wavelength dependence of scattering,one can deduce changes in the nanoscale architecture of cells and *** report discusses the connection between nanoscale architecture and measurable light *** significance of this work is to develop label-free optical imaging that describes tissue structure,to complement the absorption,fluorescence,and Raman scattering spectra that describe the chemical constituents of a tissue.

关键词： Optical scattering fractal biomedical optics

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SPECTRAl IMAGING AND ANAlYSIS TO YIElD TISSUE OPTICAl PROPERTIES

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第2期2卷 123-129页

作者： steven l.JACQUES Departments of Dermatology and Biomedical Engineering Oregon Health&Science University PortlandOregonUSA

An introduction to the basics of spectral imaging as applied to biological tissues is *** example of a spectral image of a face is used to demonstrate the data and spectral analysis that specify the melanin content(M),blood content(B),tissue oxygen saturation(S),water content(W),fraction of scattering due to Rayleigh scattering(f)and due to Mie scattering(1−f),and the reduced scattering coefficient at 500-nm wavelength(µs 500 nm).The sensitivity of reflectance spectra to variation in the various parameters is illustrated.

关键词： Spectroscopy spectral imaging tissue optical properties optical diagnostics.

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Biomimetic Composite Structural T-joints

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 377-384页

作者： Vimal Kumar Thummalapalli steven l. Donaldson University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton Ohio 45469-0243 USA

Biological structural fixed joints exhibit unique attributes, including highly optimized fiber paths which minimize stress concentrations. In addition, since the joints consist of continuous, uncut fiber architectures, the joints enable the organism to transport information and chemicals from one part of the body to the other. To the contrary, sections of man-made composite material structures are often joined using bolted or bonded joints, which involve low strength and high stress concentrations. These methods are also expensive to achieve. Additional functions such as fluid transport, electrical signal delivery, and thermal conductivity across the joints typically require parasitic tubes, wires, and attachment clips. By using the biomimetic methods, we seek to overcome the limitations which are present in the conventional methods. In the present work, biomimetic co-cured composite sandwich T-joints were constructed using unidirectional glass fiber, epoxy resin, and structural foam. The joints were fabricated using the wet lay-up vacuum bag resin infusion method. Foam sandwich T-joints with multiple continuous fiber architectures and sandwich foam thickness were prepared. The designs were tested in quasi-static bending using a mechanical load frame. The significant weight savings using the biomimetic approaches is discussed, as well as a comparison of failure modes versus architecture is described.

关键词： composites T-joints biomimetic fiberglass epoxy sandwich foam

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Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 23-30页

作者： steven M Schrader Katherine l Marlow Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Applied Research and Technology Cincinnati OH USA.

The earliest report linking environmental （occupational） exposure to adverse human male reproductive effects dates back to1775 when an English physician, Percival Pott, reported a high incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps. This observation led to safety regulations in the form of bathing requirements for these workers. The fact that male-mediated reproductive harm in humans may be a result of toxicant exposures did not become firmly established until relatively recently, when lancranjan studied lead-exposed workers in Romania in 1975, and later in 1977, when Whorton examined the effects of dibromochloropropane （DBCP） on male workers in California. Since these discoveries, several additional human reproductive toxicants have been identified through the convergence of laboratory and observational findings. Many research gaps remain, as the pool of potential human exposures with undetermined effects on male reproduction is vast. This review provides an overview of methods used to study the effects of exposures on male reproduction and their reproductive health, with a primary emphasis on the implementation and interpretation of human studies. Emphasis will be on occupational exposures, although much of the information is also useful in assessing environmental studies, occupational exposures are usually much higher and better defined.

关键词： accessory glands endocrine epidemiology semen sexual function sperm testis toxicology

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Bubbly shock propagation as a mechanism of shedding in separated cavitating flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第6期29卷 907-916页

作者： Harish Ganesh Simo A.Makiharju steven l.Ceccio University of Michigan Ann ArborUSA University of California BerkeleyUSA

Stable attached partial cavitation in separated flows can transition to cloud shedding, and the mechanism of transition has been attributed to the presence of a re-entrant liquid jet. Our findings have revealed the presence of propagating bubbly shock waves as an alternative dominant mechanism of shedding when the compressibility of the bubbly mixture is appreciable. In the present paper, we discuss dynamics associated with these bubbly shock waves, interaction of shock waves with obstacles in their path, and means to manipulate their properties to control the shedding process by non-condensable gas injection.

关键词： Partial cavitation bubbly shock waves cloud cavitation X-ray densitometry

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Osteoclasts:New Insights

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 11-26页

作者： Xu Feng steven l.Teitelbaum Department of Pathology The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama 35294USA Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouri 63110USA

Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, play a pivotal role in skeletal development and adult bone remodeling. They also participate in the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. Osteoclasts differentiate from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation of two essential factors, the monocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor （M-CSF） and receptor activation of NF-κB ligand （RANKl）. M-CSF binds to its receptor c-Fms to activate distinct signaling pathways to stimulate the proliferation and survival of osteoclast precursors and the mature cell. RANKl, however, is the primary osteoclast differentiation factor, and promotes osteoclast differentiation mainly through controlling gene expression by activating its receptor, RANK. Osteoclast function depends on polarization of the cell, induced by integrin avβ3, to form the resorptive machinery characterized by the attachment to the bone matrix and the formation of the bone-apposed ruffled border. Recent studies have provided new insights into the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. In particular, c-Fms and RANK signaling have been shown to regulate bone resorption by cross-talking with those activated by integrin avβ3. This review discusses new advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation and function.

关键词： osteoclast bone remodeling M-CSF RANKl integrin avβ3

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Effect of forest disturbance on myxomycete assemblages in the southwestern Peruvian Amazon

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第2期59卷 45-53页

作者： Carlos Rojas steven l.Stephenson Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería and Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa RicaSan Pedro de Montes de Oca 11501-2060Costa Rica Department of Biological Sciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701-1201USA

Although the effects of microenvironmental factors on distribution patterns in myxomycetes have been investigated,studies of the responses of this group of organisms to different regimes of forest disturbance are relatively few in *** an effort to understand the implications of forest fragmentation and habitat loss on myxomycetes,the project described herein was carried out at the los Amigos Biological Station in southeastern *** structure and composition of assemblages of myxomycetes were investigated in relation to three different forest types and climatic periods in the area of *** analysis of the most commonly recorded substrates was carried out as *** results suggested that habitat loss,through differences in forest structure,was the factor determining most of the differences in fruiting body abundance of myxomycetes among forest *** addition,a switch in the ecological strategy of dispersal seemed to be an important factor accounting for differences in the fruiting body abundance and structure of assemblages of myxomycetes between collecting *** study provides evidence indicating that for microbial assemblages to maintain the balance of functional interactions within a particular forest ecosystem,the conservation of the forests themselves should be considered.

关键词： Biogeography Microbial ecology Mycetozoans Myxogastrids Restoration ecology

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