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Comparison of five video-assisted intubation devices by novice and expert laryngoscopists for use in the aeromedical evacuation environment

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Military Medical Research 2017年第2期4卷 61-69页

作者： Matthew C.Wallace SSgt Tyler Britton Robbie Meek Sharon Walsh-Hart Col Todd e.Carter steven J.Lisco University of Cincinnati Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology

Background: The critically ill or injured patient undergoing military medical evacuation may require emergent intubation. Intubation may be life-saving, but it carries *** novice or infrequent laryngoscopist has a distinct disadvantage because experience is critical for the rapid and safe establishment of a secured airway. This challenge is compounded by the austere environment of the back of an aircraft under blackout conditions. This study determined which of five different video-assisted intubation devices(VAIDs) was best suited for in-flight use by U.S. Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams by comparing time to successful intubation between novice and expert laryngoscopists under three conditions, Normal Airway Lights on(NAL), Difficult Airway Lights on(DAL) and Difficult Airway Blackout(DAB), using manikins on a standard military transport stanchion and the floor with a minimal amount of setup time and extraneous light ***: A convenience sample size of 40 participants(24 novices and 16 experts) attempted intubation with each of the 5 different video laryngoscopic devices on high-fidelity airway manikins. Time to tracheal intubation and number of optimization maneuvers used were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis testing determined significant differences between the VAIDs in time to intubation for each particular scenario. Devices with significant differences underwent pair-wise comparison testing using rank-sum analysis to further clarify the difference. Device assembly times, startup times and the amount of light emitted were recorded. Perceived ease of use was surveyed. Results: Novices were fastest with the Pentax AWS in all difficult airway scenarios. experts recorded the shortest median times consistently using 3 of the 5 devices. The AWS was superior overall in 4 of the 6 scenarios tested. experts and novices subjectively judged the Glide Scope Ranger as easiest to use. The light emitted by all the devices was less than the USAF-issued hea

关键词： simulation difficult airway novice expert military video laryngoscopy light emission

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Usingvery long-range terrestriallaser scanner to analyze the temporal consistency of the snowpack distribution in a high mountain environment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 823-842页

作者： Juan I.LOPeZ-MOReNO Jesús ReVUeLTO e.ALONSO-GONZALeZ Alba SANMIGUeL-VALLeLADO steven R.FASSNACHT Jeffrey DeeMS enrique MORAN-TeJeDA Pyrenean Institute of ecology CSICZaragozaSpain Meteo-France-CNRS CNRM(UMR3589)Centre d'Etudes de la NeigeGrenobleFrance Colorado State University Fort CollinsColoradoUSA National Snow and Ice Data Center NSlDCBoulderColorado University of Balearic Islands MallorcaSpain

This study demonstrated the usefulness of very long-range terrestrial laser scanning(TLS) for analysis of the spatial distribution of a snowpack, to distances up to 3000 m, one of the longest measurement range reported to date. Snow depth data were collected using a terrestrial laser scanner during 11 periods of snow accumulation and melting,over three snow seasons on a Pyrenean hillslopecharacterized by a large elevational gradient, steep slopes, and avalanche occurrence. The maximum and mean absolute snow depth error found was 0.5-0.6 and 0.2-0.3 m respectively, which may result problematic for areas with a shallow snowpack, but it is sufficiently accurate to determine snow distribution patterns in areas characterized by a thick snowpack. The results indicated that in most cases there was temporal consistency in the spatial distribution of thesnowpack, even in different years. The spatial patterns were particularly similar amongst thesurveys conducted during the period dominated by snow accumulation(generally until end of April), or amongst those conducted during the period dominated by melting processes(generally after mid of April or early May). Simple linear correlation analyses for the 11 survey dates, and the application of Random Forests analysis to two days representative of snow accumulation and melting periods indicated the importance of topography to the snow distribution. The results also highlight that elevation and the Topographic Position index(TPI) were the main variables explaining the snow distribution, especially during periods dominated by melting. The intra-and inter-annual spatial consistency of the snowpack distribution suggests that the geomorphological processes linked to presence/absence of snow cover act in a similar way in the long term, and that these spatial patternscan be easily identifiedthrough several years of adequate monitoring.

关键词： Snow Terrestrial laser scanner(TLS) Topography Random Forests Spatial distribution Pyrenees

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Friction and wear performance of polyether ether ketone(PeeK)polymers in three lubrication regimes

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 670-682页

作者： Davide MASSOCCHI Nora LeCIS Marco LATTUADA Davide SCAGLIA steven CHATTeRTON Paolo PeNNACCHI Department of Mechanical engineering Politecnico di MilanoMilan 20156Italy eni SpA Downstream product R&DLombardia 20097Italy eurobearings S.R.L. Lombardia 29016Italy

This experimental study investigates the friction and wear of three coatings commonly used in industrial applications,particularly in hydrodynamic *** three materials under investigation were Babbitt,polyether ether ketone(PeeK)reinforced with 15%carbon fibers,and PeeK reinforced with 20%carbon *** first polymer material was extruded,while the other was produced by fused deposition modelling(FDM).The materials were subjected to sliding tests in a pin-on-disc configuration,with a steel ball serving as the counter *** tests were conducted at room temperature,with a load of 10 N and under three different lubrication conditions:dry,grease,and *** linear speed was set at 0.3 m/s for the dry and semi-solid lubrication tests,while for the oil tests,the speed was set at 0.25 m/*** greases used had consistency grades of NGLI 000 and NGLI *** ISO VG 68 circulation oil was used for the oil lubrication ***,thermodynamic analyses were performed under the most severe conditions(i.e.,dry)to investigate the steel-Babbitt and steel-PeeK contact.

关键词： hydrodynamic bearings polyether ether ketone(PeeK)polymers additive manufacturing grease lubrication sliding oil lubrication ball-on-disk tribology

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Disentangling multiple scattering with deep learning:application to strain mapping from electron diffraction patterns

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2419-2433页

作者： Joydeep Munshi Alexander Rakowski Benjamin H.Savitzky steven e.Zeltmann Jim Ciston Matthew Henderson Shreyas Cholia Andrew M.Minor Maria K.Y.Chan Colin Ophus Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne DrWoodridge60517ILUSA National Center for electron Microscopy Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley94720CAUSA Department of Materials Science and engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeley94720CAUSA Scientific Data Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeley94720CAUSA

A fast,robust pipeline for strain mapping of crystalline materials is important for many technological *** electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain maps with high accuracy and spatial resolutions,but this technique is limited when the electron beam undergoes multiple ***-learning methods have the potential to invert these complex signals,but require a large number of training *** implement a Fourier space,complex-valued deep-neural network,FCU-Net,to invert highly nonlinear electron diffraction patterns into the corresponding quantitative structure factor ***-Net was trained using over 200,000 unique simulated dynamical diffraction patterns from different combinations of crystal structures,orientations,thicknesses,and microscope parameters,which are augmented with experimental *** evaluated FCU-Net against simulated and experimental datasets,where it substantially outperforms conventional analysis *** code,models,and training library are open-source and may be adapted to different diffraction measurement problems.

关键词： valued adapted crystalline

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Immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis: Ways to go or almost there?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2016年第3期7卷 242-255页

作者： Pavan Patel steven e Schutzer Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Medicine Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School

Hepatocellular carcinoma is on the rise and occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and *** treatment modalities are available,mortality from this cancer remains *** therapy with the utilization of biologic compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration approved sorafenib might be the only option that can increase ***,with modern pharmacologic developments,is a new frontier in cancer therapy and therefore the immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis is under *** review will discuss current concepts of immunobiology in hepatocarcinogenesis along with current treatment modalities employing *** tumor microenvironment along with a variety of immune cells coexists and interplays to lead to *** infiltrating lymphocytes including CD8+ T cells,CD4+ T cells along with regulatory T cells,tumor associated macrophages,tumor associated neutrophils,myeloid derived suppressor cells,and natural killer cells interact to actively provide anti-tumor or pro-tumor ***,oncogenic pathways such as Raf/mitogenactivated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway,phosphatidyl-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target or rapamycin,Wnt/β-catenin,nuclear factor-κB and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 may lead to activation and proliferation of tumor cells and are also considered cornerstones in *** directed at this complex milieu of cells has been showned to be successful in cancer *** use of vaccines,adoptive cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor modulation are current options for *** translational research will shed light to concepts such as anti-tumor immunity which can add another alternative in the therapeutic armamentarium.

关键词： Hepatocarcinogenesis Adoptive cell therapy Tumorigenesis Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunology Tumorigenesis Immunotherapy Immunobiology Immune checkpoint inhibitors

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Interpreting atomization of agricultural spray image patterns using latent Dirichlet allocation techniques

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 253-261页

作者： Hongfei Li steven Cryer John Raymond Lipi Acharya Department of Statistics University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignILUSA Data Science Corteva AgriscienceIndianapolisINUSA

Breakup patterns of agricultural formulations are explored using unsupervised learning techniques to elucidate themechanics of atomization for oil-in-water *** researchers have shown these formulations succumb to a different breakup mechanism than conventional formulations,beginning with inhomogeneities within the liquid sheet that nucleate holes within the material being sprayed,beginning themechanism responsible for breaking the sheet into *** Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA),a Bayesian hierarchical model,is used to explore unsupervised learning relationships between image analysis metrics on spray video data and the resulting atomization droplet *** factors discovered by LDA were used for classification of video segments and achieved 99.9%accuracy(3-fold cross validation).Seventy-five videos were used for regression where each video had a unique measured droplet size distribution(D10,D50,and D90 values)for *** using the features learnt by Latent Dirichlet Allocation used with regression have extremely good results(R^2~0.995 in 3-fold cross validation,R^2~0.963 on never-seen videos),which serves as evidence for the potential use of this model in image analysis of agricultural spray *** has huge potential in both learning and predicting atomization patterns[e.g.,driftable fines(dropsen used with images based on the breakup phenomena in agricultural *** small drop sizes that occur during atomization have the greatest propensity for off-target movement through wind induced *** proved useful in characterizing current and future formulation designs using only images as witnessed by observations and excellent predictions summarized in this *** fact,thesemethods offer potential for use under field conditions to address spray performance based upon images of spray patterns at the nozzle without the need for expensive light scattering equipment often used to measure this phenomenon

关键词： atomization formulation image

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Response of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 to different nutrient ratios and changes in phosphorus chemistry

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1040-1052页

作者： PeNG Guotao steven W.WILHeLM LIN Sijie WANG Xlangrong College of environmental Science and engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseTongj UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of environmental Science and engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37920USA

Cyanobacterial blooms are a global problem, with their occurrence tightly tied to nutrient loading. We cultured Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 in growth medium with either inorganic(orthophosphate) or organic(β-glycerophosphate or polyphosphate) phosphorus and at different N:P ratios with 50:1, 30:1, 16:1, 4:1 and 1:4, serving as the phosphorus source. Fluorescence parameters were measured to determine the response of cellular responses to nutrient stress. Scanning electron microscopy(SeM) and estimates of antioxidant activity were employed to examine potential mechanisms of physical change. The results demonstrate that inorganic phosphorus was more bioavailable to M. aeruginosa relative to organic phosphorus in culture. The highest cell concentration(2.21×10~6 cells/mL), chlorophyll-a(0.39 pg/cell) and phycocyanin(1.57 pg/cell) quotas and high levels of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters( reTR, e_k, α, φ_(PSⅡ) and F_v/F_m) were obtained when phosphorus was supplied as K_2 HPO_4 at a N:P ratio of 16–30. Organic sources of phosphorus(β-glycerophosphate and polyphosphate) were bioavailable to M. aeruginosa. In addition, too concentrated orthophosphate(N:P=1:4) resulted in the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of cell membrane(identified by the antioxidant system activity), and the photosynthetic activity declined consequently. This study has demonstrated the effects of different phosphorus chemistries and N:P ratios on the cyanobacterial growth, photosynthetic activity and cell physiology, which could be an effective tool for predicting cyanobacterial dominance or N-deficiency in natural lakes(due to the superior ability of cyanobacteria for dissolved N and fix atmospheric N in some cases).

关键词： antioxidant system chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Microcystis nutrient stress photosynthesis

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Variability and change of climate extremes from indigenous herder knowledge and at meteorological stations across central Mongolia

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Frontiers of earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 286-297页

作者： Sukh TUMeNJARGAL steven RFASSNACHT Niah BHVeNABLe Alison PKINGSTON Maria eFeRNANDeZ-GIMeNeZ Batjav BATBUYAN Melinda JLAITURI Martin KAPPAS GADYABADAM eSS-Watershed Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1476USA Cabinet Secretariat of Government of Mongolia State HouseUlaanbaatar City 14201Mongolia Natural Resources ecology Laboratory Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1499USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1375USA Cartography GIS and Remote Sensing DepartmentInstitute of GeographyGeorg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen 37007Germany FRS-Rangeland Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1472USA Center for Nomadic Pastoralism Studies Ulaanbaatar 210620Mongolia Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and the EnvironmentUlaanbaatar 210620Mongolia

In semi-arid regions,air temperatures have increased in the last decades more than in many other parts of the *** has an arid/semi-arid climate and much of the population are herders whose livelihoods depend upon limited water resources that fluctuate with a variable *** were surveyed to identify their observations of changes in climate extremes for two soums of central Mongolia,Ikh-Tamir in the forest steppe north of the Khangai Mountains and Jinst in the desert steppe south of the *** herders’indigenous knowledge of changes in climate extremes mostly aligned with the station-based analyses of *** were warming with more warm days and nights at all *** were fewer cool days and nights observed at the mountain stations both in the summer and winter,yet more cool days and nights were observed in the winter at the desert steppe *** number of summer days is increasing while the number of frost days is decreasing at all *** results of this study support further use of local knowledge and meteorological observations to provide more holistic analysis of climate change in different regions of the world.

关键词： climate change climate extreme indices indigenous knowledge systems temperature precipitation

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Comparative assessment on rodent impacts and cultural perceptions of ecologically based rodent management in 3 Afro-Malagasy farming regions

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 578-594页

作者： Natasha L.CONSTANT Lourens H.SWANePOeL Samual T.WILLIAMS Voahangy SOARIMALALA steven M.GOODMAN Apia T.MASSAWe Loth S.MULUNGU Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Mashaka e.MDANGI Peter J.TAYLOR steven R.BeLMAIN SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value and Change and Core Team Member of the Centre for Invasion Biology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouJohannesburgSouth Africa Sustainable Places Research Institute Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Department of Zoology School of Mathematical and Natural SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Department of Anthropology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and education(IGDORe) JohannesburgSouth Africa Association Vahatra AntananarivoMadagascar Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l’environnementUniversitéde Fianarantsoa FianarantsoaMadagascar Field Museum of Natural History ChicagoIllinoisUSA Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Ministry of Agriculture Tanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

Rodents generate negative consequences for smallholder farmers in Africa that directly impact household and livestock damage,food security,and public *** Based Rodent Management(eBRM)seeks sustainable solutions for the mitigation of rodent damage through assessments of rodent population dynamics,agro-ecosystems,and socio-cultural *** adopt a comparative approach across 3 rural Afro-Malagasy smallholder farming regions in South Africa,Tanzania,and Madagascar to assess the household impacts of rodent pests and current perceptions and preferences associated with several rodent control *** conducted focus group questionnaires and interviews in different study site *** assert multiple impacts on Afro-Malagasy farmers demonstrating recurrent and emerging agricultural and household costs,and public health *** identify a significant knowledge gap in educating communities about the application of different eBRM approaches in favor of acute poisons that are perceived to be more *** issues and taboos also have a significant impact on the social acceptance of rodent hunting as well as biological control using indigenous *** advocate for an enhanced investigation of the socio-cultural beliefs associated with different rodent practices to understand the factors underlying social acceptance.A collaborative approach that integrates the perspectives of target communities to inform the design of eBRM initiatives according to the specific agro-ecosystem and socio-cultural context is necessary to ensure programmatic success.

关键词： Africa beliefs crop damage ecologically based rodent management farmer survey

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Male competition strategies change when information concerning female receptivity is available

Male competition strategies change when information concerni...

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第七届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： steven e.Brauth Department of Psychology University of Maryland

Males compete for access to resources or females or to influence female mate choice in many animal *** competitive activities are accompanied by high energy expenditure and increased risk of predator *** therefore hyp... 详细信息

关键词： male competitive strategy female choice vocal competition Xenopus laevis

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