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Multi-disciplinary approaches to water systems:introduction to the special column

Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 251-255页

作者： steven rfassnacht Mingguo MA ESS-Watershed Science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523-1476USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort CollinsCO 80523-1375USA Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Fort CollinsCO 80523-1499USA Research Base of Karst Eco-environments at Nanchuan in Chongqing Ministry of Nature ResourcesSchool of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

1 Introduction As the human population grows,the livelihoods and well-being of a significant portion of humanity will depend even more on the ability of freshwater ecosystems to provide essential services(Vörösmarty et al.,2010),which will require the maintenance of biodiversity in these freshwater systems(Dudgeon et al.,2006).There are many competing demands on the available water resources,such as potable water,fish and wildlife habitat,agriculture,industrial use,and recreation,that are driven by different sectors;even within a specific sector there can be diverging *** example,water management of the Upper Arkansas River in Colorado has been mandated by the 1949 Arkansas River Compact between the US states of Colorado and Kansas which has led to stream-aquifer issues(Taylor and Luckey,1974),water transfers from agriculture to urban(Howe et al.,1990),and competing recreational uses(Wollmuth et al.,1985;Arkansas Basin Roundtable,2017).The recent Upper Arkansas Voluntary Flow Management Program tries to balance many users,including recreation by kayakers and rafters who want to maintain streamflow(at the Wellsville gauge)at or greater than 20 m3/s as well as anglers who want lower flows in the range of 7 to 11 m3/s to maintain fish habitat(Arkansas Basin Roundtable,2017).

关键词： Upper habitat maintain

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Variability and change of climate extremes from indigenous herder knowledge and at meteorological stations across central Mongolia

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 286-297页

作者： Sukh TUMENJARGAL steven rfassnacht Niah BHVENABLE Alison PKINGSTON Maria EFERNANDEZ-GIMENEZ Batjav BATBUYAN Melinda JLAITURI Martin KAPPAS GADYABADAM ESS-Watershed Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1476USA Cabinet Secretariat of Government of Mongolia State HouseUlaanbaatar City 14201Mongolia Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1499USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1375USA Cartography GIS and Remote Sensing DepartmentInstitute of GeographyGeorg-August Universität GöttingenGöttingen 37007Germany FRS-Rangeland Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins ColoradoCO 80523-1472USA Center for Nomadic Pastoralism Studies Ulaanbaatar 210620Mongolia Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and the EnvironmentUlaanbaatar 210620Mongolia

In semi-arid regions,air temperatures have increased in the last decades more than in many other parts of the *** has an arid/semi-arid climate and much of the population are herders whose livelihoods depend upon limited water resources that fluctuate with a variable *** were surveyed to identify their observations of changes in climate extremes for two soums of central Mongolia,Ikh-Tamir in the forest steppe north of the Khangai Mountains and Jinst in the desert steppe south of the *** herders’indigenous knowledge of changes in climate extremes mostly aligned with the station-based analyses of *** were warming with more warm days and nights at all *** were fewer cool days and nights observed at the mountain stations both in the summer and winter,yet more cool days and nights were observed in the winter at the desert steppe *** number of summer days is increasing while the number of frost days is decreasing at all *** results of this study support further use of local knowledge and meteorological observations to provide more holistic analysis of climate change in different regions of the world.

关键词： climate change climate extreme indices indigenous knowledge systems temperature precipitation

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