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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第5期14卷 888-899页

作者： YU Chao CHEN Hua-min TIAN Fang BI Yong-mei Rothstein j steven Leach E jan HE Chen-yang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology College of Biological ScienceUniversity of Guelph Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University

Bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae ***（Xoo） is one of high nitrogen（N） responsive *** plants became more disease resistant with decreasing N suggesting that the crosstalk between disease resistance and N utilization pathways might ***,the co-regulatory components in such crosstalk have not been ***,we comparatively analyzed the gene expression profiling of rice under Xoo inoculation,low N treatment,or a combination of both stresses,and identified the differentially-expressed genes（DEGs） in overlapping *** DEGs were involved in different biological processes,including innate immunity and nitrogen *** randomly-selected DEGs expression was validated by quantitative real-time PCR *** expression of six genes from different functional categories suggested that N condition was the dominant factor when both stresses were *** DEGs identified provide novel insights into the coordinated regulatory mechanism in biotic and abiotic stress responses in rice.

关键词： Xanthomonas differentially overlapping abiotic blight responsive crosstalk pathogen encoding validated

Loss of Hox5 function results in myofibroblast mislocalization and distal lung matrix defects during postnatal development

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第9期61卷 1030-1038页

作者： steven M.Hrycaj Leilani Marty-Santos ANDrew j.Rasky Nicholas W.Lukacs Deneen M.Wellik Department of Internal Medicine Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics University of Michigan Department of Pathology University of Michigan Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan

Alveologenesis is the final stage of lung development and is responsible for the formation of the principle gas exchange units called alveoli. The lung mesenchyme, in particular the alveolar myofibroblasts, are drivers of alveolar development, however,few key regulators that govern the proper distribution and behavior of these cells in the distal lung during alveologenesis have been identified. While Hox5 triple mutants(Hox5 aabbcc) exhibit neonatal lethality, four-allele, compound mutant mice(Hox5 AabbCc) are born in Mendelian ratios and are phenotypically normal at birth. However, they exhibit defects in alveologenesis characterized by a BPD-like phenotype by early postnatal stages that becomes more pronounced at adult stages. Invasive pulmonary functional analyses demonstrate significant increases in total lung volume and compliance and a decrease in elastance in Hox5 compound mutants. SMA+ myofibroblasts in the distal lung are distributed abnormally during peak stages of alveologenesis and aggregate, resulting in the formation of a disrupted elastin network. Examination of other key components of the distal lung ECM, as well as other epithelial cells and lipofibroblasts reveal no differences in distribution. Collectively, these data indicate that Hox5 genes play a critical role in alveolar development by governing the proper cellular behavior of myofibroblasts during alveologenesis.

关键词： Hox5 alveologenesis alveolar myofibroblasts lung ECM postnatal lung development

The interaction of stem cells and vascularity in peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1510-1517页

作者： Sara Saffari Tiam M.Saffari Dietmar j.O.Ulrich steven E.R.Hovius Alexander Y.Shin Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery Department of Orthopedic SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands

The degree of nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury can be altered by the microenvironment at the site of injury. Stem cells and vascularity are postulated to be a part of a complex pathway that enhances peripheral nerve regeneration;however, their interaction remains unexplored. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on this interaction, including various mechanisms through which trophic factors are promoted by stem cells and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis after nerve injury is stimulated by hypoxia, mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in the growth of preexisting vessels into new areas. Modulation of distinct signaling pathways in stem cells can promote angiogenesis by the secretion of various angiogenic factors. Simultaneously, the importance of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration relies on their ability to promote myelin formation and their capacity to be influenced by the microenvironment to differentiate into Schwann-like cells. Stem cells can be acquired through various sources that correlate to their differentiation potential, including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each source of stem cells serves its particular differentiation potential and properties associated with the promotion of revascularization and nerve regeneration. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles released from cell types and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes hold promise for future transplantation applications, as these vesicles contain fewer membrane-bound proteins, resulting in lower immunogenicity. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical studies that focus on selecting the ideal type of stem cell and optimizing stem cell delivery methods for potential translation to clinical practice. Future studies integrating stem cell-based therapies with the promotion of angiogenesis may elucidate the synergistic pathways and ultimately enhance nerve regeneration.

关键词： angiogenesis exosomes nerve graft nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury revascularization Schwann cells stem cells stem cell delivery vascularity

Patient Characteristics, Safety, and Tolerability With Telaprevir Treatment for HCV in the Clinic:a Retrospective, Multicenter Study

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2014年第2期2卷 65-73页

作者： steven L. Flamm Paul j. Pockros Leif Bengtsson Mark Friedman Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA Scripps Clinic and Scripps Translational Science Institute La Jolla California USA Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Boston Massachusetts USA

Background and Aims: There is a paucity of information regarding similarities and differences between patients from the phase 3 studies of telaprevir and those receiving telaprevir in clinical practice. Methods: This retrospective chart review evaluated baseline characteristics and follow-up safety and tolerability data for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treated with telaprevir and peginterferon alfa and ribavirin (PR) in clinical practice. Results: In total, 338 charts from patients at four academic and three community US treatment centers who received telaprevir and PR and had at least 12 weeks of follow-up data were included;62%were from academic centers and 38% were from community centers. Of the 338 patients, 269 completed 12 weeks of telaprevir and PR;32 discontinued due to adverse events. Mean age was 55 years;patients were predominantly white (79.3%) males (58.9%) with genotype 1a HCV infection (61.8%);35.5%were reported to have cirrhosis at baseline;and 55.3%previously received PR. Hypertension and depres-sion were the most common comorbidities. Patient charac-teristics outside the per-protocol minimum criteria used in the phase 3 studies of telaprevir were, e.g., hemoglobin, 9.2%;albumin, 5.3%;platelets, 11.5%;and neutrophil count, 5.6%. Adverse events occurred in 329/338 (97.3%) patients, with anemia, fatigue, nausea, and rash being the most common. Of 38 hospitalizations, 26 were deemed related to telaprevir and PR. Three patients died due to pneumonia, septic shock, and hepatorenal syndrome (n=1 each). Conclusions: These findings complement those reported from rigorous, randomized controlled studies with telaprevir-based treatment and provide a general assess-ment of similarities and/or differences between patients from the phase 3 studies of telaprevir and those treated with telaprevir in clinical practice.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Combination drug therapy Protease inhibitors Liver diseases

The advent of structural biology in situ by single particle cryo-electron tomography

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Biophysics Reports 2017年第Z1期3卷 17-35页

作者： jesús G.Galaz-Montoya steven j.Ludtke National Center for Macromolecular Imaging Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Baylor College of Medicine

Single particle tomography(SPT), also known as subtomogram averaging, is a powerful technique uniquely poised to address questions in structural biology that are not amenable to more traditional approaches like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and conventional cryoEM single particle analysis. Owing to its potential for in situ structural biology at subnanometer resolution, SPT has been gaining enormous momentum in the last five years and is becoming a prominent, widely used technique. This method can be applied to unambiguously determine the structures of macromolecular complexes that exhibit compositional and conformational heterogeneity, both in vitro and in situ. Here we review the development of SPT, highlighting its applications and identifying areas of ongoing development.

关键词： Cryo-electron tomography Single particle tomography Subtomogram averaging Direct detection device Contrast transfer function

A cross-analysis framework formulti-source volunteered, crowdsourced, and authoritative geographic information: The case study of volunteered personal traces analysis against transport network data

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第3期21卷 257-271页

作者： Gloria Bordogna steven Capelli Daniele E.Ciriello Giuseppe Psaila CNR IREA MilanoItaly DISCo Universitádegli studi di Milano BicoccaSesto San GiovanniItaly DIGIP University of BergamoDalmineItaly

The paper discusses the need of a high-level query language to allow analysts,geographers and,in general,non-programmers to easily cross-analyze multi-source VGI created by means of apps,crowd-sourced data from social networks and authoritative geo-referenced data,usually represented as jSON data sets(nowadays,the de facto standard for data exported by social networks).Since an easy to use high-level language for querying and manipulating collections of possibly geo-tagged jSON objects is still unavailable,we propose a truly declarative language,named j-CO-QL,that is based on a well-defined execution model.A plug-in for a GIS permits to visualize geo-tagged data sets stored in a NoSQL database such as MongoDB;furthermore,the same plug-in can be used to write and execute j-CO-QL queries on those *** paper introduces the language by exemplifying its operators within a real study case,the aim of which is to understand the mobility of people in the neighborhood of Bergamo ***-analysis of data about transportation networks and VGI from travelers is performed,by means of j-CO-QL language,capable to manipulate and transform,combine and join possibly geo-tagged jSON objects,in order to produce new possibly geo-tagged jSON objects satisfying users’needs.

关键词： Cross-analysis framework comparing VGI crowd-sourced and authoritative geographical data jSON data-sets declarative query language heterogeneous data-sets

Building damage mapping based on Touzi decomposition using quad-polarimetric ALOS PALSAR data

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 401-412页

作者： Shan LIU Fengli ZHANG Shiying WEI Qingbo LIU Na LIU Yun SHAO steven jBURIAN Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory of Target Microwave Properties Deqing Academy of Satellite ApplicationsHuzhou 313200China Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

Building damage assessment is of great significance to disaster *** Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)can record the polarization scattering measurement matrix of ground objects and obtain more abundant ground object information,meaning that they can be used for assessing damage to *** this paper,a new approach is proposed to assess building damage using the Touzi incoherent decomposition and SAR-based characteristics of buildings before and after *** March 11th,2011 earthquake that struck the coast of northeast japan serves as the demonstration of the technique using quad-polarimetric ALOS PALSAR data acquired before and after the *** analysis shows that after the buildings are damaged,there is a clear decrease in theαs1(the dominant scattering-type magnitude)components and the degree of this reduction corresponds to the degree of building *** means that theαs1 components obtained by Touzi decomposition can effectively reflect the degree of building *** this basis,a model based on Touzi decomposition was established to evaluate the degree of damage to buildings,and the accuracy of the model was validated using high-resolution optical data acquired before and after the *** experimental results show that Touzi decomposition can be effectively used for damage assessment mapping in built-up areas.

关键词： Touzi decomposition quad-polarization SAR buildings damage disaster management

Stellar interiors 2ed.

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Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate the oxidative burst and saponin synthesis induced by chitosan in cell cultures of Panax ginseng

丛书名： Astronomy and astrophysics library

2004年

作者： Carl j. Hansen steven D Kawaler Virginia Trimble

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第4期47卷 303-312页

作者： steven j. NEILL Centre for Research in Plant Science University of the West of England Bristol Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY United Kingdom

Chitosan (CHN) specially induced the activities of 39 kD and 42 kD protein kinases in ginseng cells, which could be suppressed by an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, PD98059. The immunoprecipitation (IP) using MAPK antibody or kinase assay in vitro also showed that CHN-induced 42 kD and 39 kD protein kinases belonged to the MAPK family. PD98059 suppressed CHN-induced transcriptions of ginseng squalene synthase and ginseng squalene epoxidase genes (gss and gse), CHN-induced accumulation of β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) and synthesis of saponin. These results showed that CHN-induced activities of MAPKs were necessary for the CHN-induced saponin synthesis. EGTA and LaCl3 suppressed CHN-induced 39 kD and 42 kD MAPK activities. Ruthenium red (RR) could suppress CHN-induced 39 kD activity. All of them suppressed CHN-induced saponin synthesis. These results indicated that CHN-induced increment of cytosolic calcium was necessary for CHN-induced saponin synthesis. PD98059 also suppressed CHN-induced oxidative burst (including the increment of activity of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase and production of H2O2), but diphenylene iodonium (DPI), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester (DHC) could not suppress CHN-induced MAPK activities, which indicated that MAPK was possibly function upstream of CHN-induced oxidative burst. Keywords mitogen-activated protein kinase - chitosan - saponin

关键词： mitogen-activated protein kinase,chitosan,saponin.

Rank Functions of Fuzzy Greedoids

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Open journal of Discrete Mathematics 2015年第4期5卷 65-73页

作者： steven j. Tedford Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Misericordia University Dallas USA

Fuzzy greedoids were recently introduced as a fuzzy set generalization of (crisp) greedoids. We characterize fuzzy languages which define fuzzy greedoids, give necessary properties and sufficient properties of the fuzzy rank function of a fuzzy greedoid, give a characterization of the rank function for a weighted greedoid, and discuss the rank closure of a fuzzy greedoid.

关键词： Fuzzy System Models Greedoids Fuzzy Rank Function