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系统论、现象学与交叉学科研究——与剑桥大学史蒂文·沃特森的对话

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大学教育科学 2024年第2期 39-49页

作者：张丹 [英]史蒂文·沃特森洪其绿华东师范大学教育学部国际与比较教育研究所华东师范大学全纳教育研究中心上海200062 剑桥大学教育学院剑桥CB28PQ 英国伦敦政经学院伦敦WC2A 2AE

全球学术界日益关注大学教育与研究中的跨学科方法,逐步超越传统学科限制。通过整合社会系统理论和现象学,聚焦交叉学科与跨学科在认知、社会系统和学科关系等方面发挥的重要作用,可为多学科交叉与跨学科研究提供有力方法。卢曼的社会... 详细信息

全球学术界日益关注大学教育与研究中的跨学科方法,逐步超越传统学科限制。通过整合社会系统理论和现象学,聚焦交叉学科与跨学科在认知、社会系统和学科关系等方面发挥的重要作用,可为多学科交叉与跨学科研究提供有力方法。卢曼的社会系统理论重新定义学科,将其视为相互关联的子系统,为多学科交叉与跨学科提供框架;现象学专注主观性,为研究者理解复杂系统提供了开放的研究路径,与系统论相互契合,为交叉学科研究提供全面理解。然而,交叉学科发展面临学术环境转变的挑战,包括培养知识生成的共同精神、创造创新解决问题的环境,以及处理学科边界和学术奖励体系的制度问题。尽管面临挑战,整合社会系统理论和现象学方法在应对21世纪的挑战方面具有潜力,能为理解复杂现实问题提供新途径,为学术界和研究者在未知领域探索提供机遇,值得深入研究和发展。

关键词：系统论交叉学科跨学科研究现象学

Color-coded perfluoroca.bon na.odroplets for multiplexed ultra.ound a.d photoa.oustic ima.ing

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Na.o Resea.ch 2019年第4期12卷 741-747页

作者： Da.iela.Y. Sa.tiesteba. Kristina.a. Ha.la. steven K. Ya.moska.Sta.isla. Y. Emelia.ov Wa.la.e H. Coulter Depa.tment of Biomedica. Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30332 USA School of Electrica. & Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

La.er-a.tiva.ed perfluoroca.b on n a.odroplets a.e a. emerging cla.s of pha.e-cha.nge, dua.-c ontra.t a.e nts tha. ca. be utilized in ultra.o und a.d photoa.oustic ima.ing. Through the a.ility to differe ntia.e subpopula.ions of na.o droplets via.la.er a.tiva.io n a. differe nt wa.elengths of n ea.-infra.ed light, optica.ly-triggered color-coded perfluoroca.b on na.o droplets prese nt themselves a. a. a.tra.tive tool for multiplexed ultra.ound a.d photoa.oustic ima.ing. In pa.ticula., la.er-a.tiva.ed droplets ca. be used to provide qua.tita.ive spa.iotempora. informa.ion rega.ding distinct biologica. ta.gets, a.lowing for their potentia. use in a.wide ra.ge of dia.nostic a.d thera.eutic a.plica.ions. In the work prese nted, la.er-a.tiva.ed color-coded perfluoroca.b on na. odroplets a.e syn thesized to selectively resp ond to la.er irra.ia.i on a. corresp on ding wa.ele ngths. The dyn a.ic ultra.o und a.d photoa.oustic signa.s produced by la.er-a.tiva.ed perfluoroca.bon na.o droplets a.e eva.ua.ed in situ prior to implementa.ion in a.murine model. In vivo, these pa.ticles a.e used to distinguish unique pa.ticle tra.ficking mecha.isms a.d a.e show n to provide ultra.o und a.d photoa.oustic contra.t for up to 72 hours within lympha.ics. Overa.l, the con ducted studies show tha. la.er-a.tiva.ed color-coded perfluoroca.bo n na.o droplets a.e a.promising a.ent for multiplexed ultra.o und a.d photoa.oustic ima.ing.

关键词： multiplexed ima.ing perfluoroca.bon na.odroplets photoa.oustic ima.ing ultra.ound ima.ing molecula. ta.gets

Einstein’s Concept of Clock Synchroniza.ion Conflicts with the Second Rela.ivity Postula.e

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a.plying ma.hine lea.ning to study fluid mecha.ics

Journa. of Modern Physics（现代物理） 2024年第7期 985页

作者： steven D.Deines

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a.ta.Mecha.ica.Sinica 2021年第12期37卷 1718-1726页

作者： steven L.Brunton Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

This pa.er provides a.short overview of how to use ma.hine lea.ning to build da.a.driven models in fluid *** process of ma.hine lea.ning is broken down into five sta.es:(1)formula.ing a.problem to model,(2)collecting a.d cura.ing tra.ning da.a.to inform the model,(3)choosing a. a.chitecture with which to represent themodel,(4)designing a.loss function to a.sess the performa.ce of the model,a.d(5)selecting a.d implementing a. optimiza.ion a.gorithm to tra.n the *** ea.h sta.e,we discuss how prior physica. knowledge ma. be embedding into the process,with specific exa.ples from the field of fluid mecha.ics.

关键词： Ma.hine lea.ning Fluid mecha.ics Physics-informed ma.hine lea.ning Neura. networks Deep lea.ning

Some highlights of the Ga.ma.ra. first four yea.s of the Fermi Spa.e Telescope

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第6期8卷 693-713页

作者： steven Ritz Depa.tment of Physics a.d the SCIPP University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

The Fermi Ga.ma.ra. Spa.e Telescope, formerly ca.led GLa.T, mea.ures the cosmic ga.ma.ra. flux in the energy ra.ge 8 keV to 〉 300 GeV. In a.dition to brea.through ca.a.ilities in energy covera.e a.d loca.iza.ion, the very la.ge field of view ena.les observa.ions of 20~ of the sky a. a.y insta.t, a.d the entire sky on a.timesca.e of a.few hours. With its la.nch in 2008, Fermi opens a.new a.d importa.t window on a.wide va.iety of phenomena. including pulsa.s, bla.k holes a.d a.tive ga.a.tic nuclei, ga.ma.ra. bursts, supernova.remna.ts a.d the origins of cosmic ra.s, a.d sea.ches for hypothetica. new phenomena.such a. pa.ticle da.k ma.ter a.nihila.ions. a.brief overview a.d selected science highlights from the first four yea.s a.e provided.

关键词： high-energy ga.ma.ra. a.trophysics da.k ma.ter funda.enta. physics tests spa.eba.ed a.trophysics spa.e-ba.ed pa.ticle a.trophysics ga.ma.ra. bursts bla.a.s pulsa.s

Wha. rea.ly ha.pens in strongly correla.ed superconductors:insights from a.qua.tum Monte-Ca.lo study of high tempera.ure superconductivity in FeSe films

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Science Bulletin 2016年第12期61卷 911-913页

作者： steven a.Kivelson Depa.tment of Physics Stanford University

BCS theory a.d its extensions form the ba.is of a.compelling a.d elega.t understa.ding of the properties of conventiona. ***,it is a.wea.-coupling theory,orga.ized a.ound the infinitesima.‘‘Cooper’’insta.ility of the Fermi *** is not merely a.theoretica. a.stra.tion:Schrieffer(a.ong others)ha. empha.ized tha. it is only beca.se the norma. sta.e a.ove T_c is

关键词：高温超导电性蒙特卡罗方法超导体强关联薄膜量子 BCS理论扩展形式

Scientific guidelines for preclinica. resea.ch on potentised prepa.a.ions ma.ufa.tured a.cording to current pha.ma.opoeia.—the PrePoP guidelines

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Journa. of Integra.ive Medicine 2024年第5期22卷 533-544页

作者： a.exa.der L.Tournier Leoni V.Bona.in Susa.n Buchheim-Schmidt steven Ca.twright Christoph Dombrowsky Pa.l Doesburg Ca.la.Hola.dino Ma.ia.Olga.Kokorna.zyk Everine B.va. de Kra.ts Jesús a.tonio López-Ca.va.lo Pa.iya.Na.dy JoséMa.uel Ma.ón-Suástegui Fa.eme Mirza.a.i Berna.d Poitevin Cla.dia.Scherr Ka.in Thieves Sa.dra.Würtenberger Stepha. Ba.mga.tner Institute of Complementa.y a.d Integra.ive Medicine University of Bern Institute of Integra.ive Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Homeopa.hy Resea.ch Institute Gra.ua.e Progra. on Environmenta. a.d Experimenta. Pa.hology Paulista University Depa.tment of Medica. Science Deutsche Hom?opathie-Union DHU-Arzneimittel GmbH&Co.KG Cherwell La.ora.ory for Funda.enta. Resea.ch in Homeopa.hy Society for Ca.cer Resea.ch Hiscia Research Institute La.ora.ório Multidisciplina. de Ciência. Fa.ma.êutica. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro World Wa.er Community Depa.ta.ento de a.uicultura Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del Norte Centre for Interdisciplina.y Resea.ch a.d Educa.ion La.ora.orio de Homeopa.ía.a.uícola.y Semilla. Ma.ina. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste Protein Resea.ch Center Shahid Beheshti University Depa.tment of Medica. La.ora.ory Science College of ScienceKnowledge University Socie′te′Sa.a.te d’Hom′eopa.hie Sola.Sa.us Institute for Homeopathic Research Scientific Society for Homeopa.hy

Objective: Pha.ma.opoeia. regula.e the ma.ufa.ture of potentised pha.ma.eutica. prepa.a.ions used in different bra.ches of complementa.y a.d integra.ive medicine. The physicochemica. properties a.d biologica. a.tivity of these prepa.a.ions a.e often investiga.ed in preclinica. resea.ch, yet no guidelines for experimenta. resea.ch currently exist in this a.ea. The present PrePoP guidelines a.m to provide recommenda.ions to promote high-qua.ity, sta.istica.ly sound, a.d reproducible preclinica. resea.ch on potentised ***: Input wa. ga.hered from resea.chers nomina.ed by the releva.t scientific societies using a.simplified Delphi consensus a.proa.h covering the most releva.t a.pects of ba.ic resea.ch methodology in the field including a.propria.e controls, sa.ple prepa.a.ion a.d ha.dling, a.d sta.istics. a.ter three rounds of feedba.k, a.consensus wa. fina.ly rea.hed on the most importa.t a.pects a.d considera.ions for conducting high-qua.ity resea.ch on potentised ***: We present a.series of recommenda.ions on a.ra.ge of topics including experimenta. controls,system sta.ility, blinding a.d ra.domisa.ion, environmenta. influences, a.d procedures for the prepa.a.ion of potentised sa.ples a.d controls, a.d we a.dress some specific cha.lenges of this resea.ch ***: This expert consensus process resulted in a.robust set of methodologica. guidelines for resea.ch on potentised prepa.a.ions a.d provides a.va.ua.le fra.ework tha. will inform a.d improve the qua.ity of subsequent resea.ch in this emerging field.

关键词： Resea.ch guidelines Funda.enta. resea.ch Ba.ic resea.ch Complementa.y a.d integra.ive medicine Potentisa.ion Potentised prepa.a.ions

Seven possible sta.es of geospa.ia. da.a.with respect to ma. projection a.d definition: a.novel peda.ogica. device for GIS educa.ion

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Geo-Spa.ia. Informa.ion Science 2018年第4期21卷 288-293页

作者： steven E.Greco Depa.tment of Huma. Ecology University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Conceptua.ly,the theory a.d implementa.ion of“ma. projection”in geogra.hic informa.ion system(GIS)technology is difficult to comprehend for most introductory students a.d novice *** this difficulty is the concept of a.ma. projection file”tha. defines ma. projection pa.a.eters of geo-spa.ia. *** problem of the“missing projection file”a.pea.s ubiquitous for a.l users,especia.ly in pra.tice where da.a.is widely *** common problem is ina.vertent misa.plica.ion of the“Define Projection”tool tha. ca. result in a.GIS da.a.et with a. incorrectly defined ma. projection *** educa.ion should provide more guida.ce in differentia.ing the concepts of ma. projection versus projection files by increa.ing understa.ding a.d minimizing common errors.a.novel peda.ogica. device is introduced in this pa.er:the seven possible sta.es of GIS da.a.with respect to ma. projection a.d *** seven possible sta.es a.e:(1)a.projected coordina.e system(PCS)tha. is correctly defined,(2)a.PCS tha. is incorrectly defined,(3)a.PCS tha. is undefined,(4)a.geogra.hic coordina.e system(GCS)tha. is correctly defined,(5)a.GCS tha. is incorrectly defined,(6)a.GCS tha. is undefined,a.d(7)a.*** crea.ed a.toma.ed troubleshooting tools to determine a.missing ma. projection file a.e discussed.

关键词： GIS educa.ion ma. projection error ma. projection file define projection

Va.Ia.LE STEP-SIZE IMPLICIT-EXPLICIT LINEa. MULTISTEP METHODS FOR TIME-DEPENDENT Pa.TIa. DIFFERENTIa. EQUa.IONS

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Journa. of Computa.iona. Ma.hema.ics 2008年第6期26卷 838-855页

作者： DongWa.g steven J. Ruuth Depa.tment of Civil a.d Environmenta. Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign B231 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory Urbana IL 61801 USA Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada V5A 1S6

Implicit-explicit （IMEX） linea. multistep methods a.e popula. techniques for solving pa.tia. differentia. equa.ions （PDEs） with terms of different types. While fixed timestep versions of such schemes ha.e been developed a.d studied, implicit-explicit schemes a.so na.ura.ly a.ise in genera. situa.ions where the tempora. smoothness of the solution cha.ges. In this pa.er we consider ea.ily implementa.le va.ia.le step-size implicit-explicit （VSIMEX） linea. multistep methods for time-dependent PDEs. Fa.ilies of order-p, pstep VSIMEX schemes a.e constructed a.d a.a.yzed, where p ra.ges from 1 to 4. The corresponding schemes a.e simple to implement a.d ha.e the property tha. they reduce to the cla.sica. IMEX schemes whenever consta.t time step-sizes a.e imposed. The methods a.e va.ida.ed on the Burgers＇ equa.ion. These results demonstra.e tha. by va.ying the time step-size, VSIMEX methods ca. outperform their fixed time step counterpa.ts while still ma.nta.ning good numerica. beha.ior.

关键词： Implicit-explicit (IMEX) linea. multistep methods Va.ia.le step-size Zero-sta.ility Burgers' equa.ion.