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Nutritional quality, functional property and acceptability of maize (Zea mays) based complementary foods enriched with defatted groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) and ginger (Zinger officinale Roscoe) powder in Wistar rats

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 144-161页

作者： Oluwole steve Ijarotimi Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria

Traditional complementary foods in Africa are cereal-based, low in nutrient-density;hence, causing severe-acute-malnutrition. This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate nutritional quality of complementary foods (CF) using locally available food materials. Yellow maize (raw, germinated & fermented), defatted groundnut (DGF) and ginger flour (GGF) were blended to obtain RDG (76.7% raw yellow maize, 20.8% DGF and 2.5% GGF), GDG (74.4% germinated yellow maize, 23.1% DGF, 2.5% GGF), and FDG (72.6% fermented yellow maize, 24.9% DGF, 2.5% GGF). Food samples were evaluated for nutritional qualities and sensory attributes using standard methods. Protein (g/100 g), energy value (kCal/100 g), total amino acids and essential amino acids (g/100 g protein) of formulated CF ranged from 19.38 to 28.58, 373.49 to 394.53, 87.33 to 91.89 and 36.17 to 37.63, respectively, and were comparable to control (17.07, 401.22, 94.47 & 35.35). Minerals were present in appreciable amount in the foods, while phytate/mineral (Ca, Fe, Zn) and oxalate/calcium molar ratios were lower than critical levels. Bulk density (1.4 - 1.6 g/mL), least gelation (4 - 6%), water absorption capacity (10.5 - 15.8%) and swelling capacity (0.5 - 1.2%) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in formulated CF than in control, except for bulk density. Biological value (78.44%) of FDG was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than GDG (78.4%) and RDG (75.87%), respectively, but lower than control (93.48%). Pack cell volume (22.50%), haemoglobin concentration (7.5 g/dL), red blood cell (3 × 103 mm− 3), albumin (3.72 g/dL), total blood protein (5.62 g/dL) and globulin (1.9 g/dL) of rats fed on FDG were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other diets, but comparable to that of control. Kidney (urea, 10.16 mg/dL;creatinine, 4.8 mg/dL) and liver function index (AST/ALT ratio, 0.38) of rats fed on FDG were lower than in those rats fed on RDG, GDG and control. For sensorial attributes, RDG was ranked best next by FDG in appearance,

关键词： Infant diets Protein-energy-density complementary foods Indigenous food materials Home-based processing methods

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Catalytic enantioselective domino alkenylation-alkynylation of alkenes: stereoselective synthesis of 5–7 membered azacycles and carbocycles

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第6期66卷 1701-1706页

作者： Zhaoming Ma Lantian Sun Jianrong steve Zhou State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical GenomicsSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

Enantioselective domino alkenylation-alkynylation of olefins is achieved for the first time,using terminal alkynes directly as *** new reaction enables facile construction of azacycles carrying quaternary stereocenters,including 5–7 membered pyrrolidines,piperidines and ***,alkynyl groups in azacyclic products provide a useful handle for derivatization that formed both fused and bridged azabicycles.

关键词： membered cycles synthesis

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Effects of Trajectory Wind Direction on Ion Concentration of PM_(10)

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期19卷 262-267页

作者： XIAO-ZHEN LIU steve SMITH Department of Environmental Engineering College of Environment and Chemical Engineering Nanchang Institute of Aeronautic Technology 173 Shanghai Road Nanchang 330034 Jiangxi China Division of Life Sciences Kings College London Franklin-Wilkins Building 150 Stamford Street London SE1 9NN UK

Objective To study the characterization apportionment of main ion concentrations of PM10 under the influence of trajectory wind direction in London. Methods PM10 samples from 1 May 1995 to 30 October 1995 of Oxford Street of Central London were collected, the metals and anions of which were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS） and ion chromatography （IC）. Composite trajectories representative of the air mass arriving in London at the same period were calculated based on basic routine back trajectories from the British Atmospheric Data Centre （BADC）. Results Concentration apportionments of main ions were similar when the trajectory was plotted back at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, some were obviously different. Mg, Ba, Pb, and Cu had similar peak apportionments at the area 180°-320°, but Zn and Ni at the area of 90°-270°, NO3^- and SO4^2- at the area of 100°-220°. Cl^- concentration peak apportionment was at the area of 220°-300°, which showed that Cl^- mainly came from the North Sea. Conclusion Trajectory wind direction has important effect on ion concentration apportionment of PM10 in London. The ions have similar concentration peak apportionments or their correlation coefficients are statistically significant.

关键词： Ion concentration PM10 Trajectory wind direction

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Acupuncture therapy on apoplectic aphasia rehabilitation

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012年第3期32卷 314-321页

作者： Youzhi Sun steve An Xue Zhengyun Zuo The School of Chinese Medicine The Universityof Hong Kong Hong Kong China Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004 China Jiangxi University of Traditional ChineseMedicine Nanchang 330004 China IM International Health Management Ltd. Shenzhen 518000 China

OBJECTIVE:Acupuncture has often been used for aphasia rehabilitation in *** purpose of this paper was to:1) provide a historic overview of acupuncture for aphasia due to stroke;2) summarize the commonly used acupuncture approaches;and 3) objectively comment on the effectiveness of acupuncture for the rehabilitation of this type of ***:The Elsevier database and a Chinese database(CNKI) were searched through December,2010 with the key words "aphasia,acupuncture" in English and Chinese,*** reports,uncontrolled clinical observations and controlled clinical trials were all included if acupuncture was the sole treatment or the main component of complex intervention for the rehabilitation of aphasia caused by cerebrovascular ***:More than 100 relevant articles were *** analyzing these articles,we found that acupuncture for apoplectic aphasia most often included tongue,scalp,body and combination *** bleeding,deep insertion and strong stimulation were adopted by many *** ten most frequently used acupoints(or areas) were Lianquan(RN 23),Jinjin(EX-HN 12),Yuye(EX-HN 13),Tongli(HT 5),Fengchi(GB 20),Neiguan(PC 6),Baihui(DU 20),No.1,2 and 3 language sections,Sanyinjiao(SP 6) and Yamen(DU 15).CONCLUSIONS:Controlled clinical studies and a systematic literature review demonstrate that acupuncture has therapeutic effects on aphasia after stroke.

关键词： Acupuncture therapy Poststroke syndrome Anomia Rehabilitation

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Arabidopsis Chloroplast FtsH,var2 and Suppressors of var2 Leaf Variegation:a Review

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第8期52卷 750-761页

作者： Xiayan Liu Fei Yu steve Rodermel Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Interdepartmental Genetics Graduate Program Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China

Variegation mutants are ideal model systems to study chloroplast biogenesis. We are interested in variegations whose green and whitesectored leaves arise as a consequence of the action of nuclear recessive genes. In this review, we focus on the Arabidopsis var2 variegation mutant, and discuss recent progress toward understanding the function of VAR2 and the mechanism of var2-mediated variegation. VAR2 is a subunit of the chloroplast FtsH complex, which is involved in turnover of the Photosystem II reaction center D1 protein, as well as in other processes required for the development and maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus. The cells in green sectors of var2 have normal-appearing chloroplasts whereas cells in the white sectors have abnormal plastids that lack pigments and organized lamellae. To explain the mechanism of var2 variegation, we have proposed a threshold model in which the formation of chloroplasts is due to the presence of activities/processes that are able to compensate for a lack of VAR2. To gain insight into these activities, second-site suppressor screens have been carried out to obtain mutants with nonvariegation phenotypes. Cloning and characterization of several var2 suppressor lines have uncovered several mechanisms of variegation suppression, including an unexpected link between var2 variegation and chloroplast translation.

关键词： Variegation Mutants Chloroplasts Greening Models Cells Mechanization Mechanics Lymphocytes

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Children with Disabilities and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 38-48页

作者： steve Ronoh JC Gaillard Jay Marlowe School of Environment The University of Auckland School of Counselling Human Services and Social WorkThe University of Auckland

Children with disabilities are often excluded from disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives and, as a result, can experience amplified physical, psychological, and educational vulnerabilities. Research on children with disabilities during disasters is lacking, and their potential value in helping shape inclusive policies in DRR planning has been largely overlooked by both researchers and policymakers. This article highlights the existing research and knowledge gap. The review includes literature from two areas of scholarship in relation to disasters—children, and people with disabilities—and provides a critique of the prevailing medical, economic, and social discourses that conceptualize disability and associated implications for DRR. The article analyzes the different models in which disability has been conceptualized, and the role this has played in the inclusion or exclusion of children with disabilities in DRR activities and in determining access to necessary resources in the face of disaster. Finally, the study explores possible pathways to studying the contribution and involvement of children with disabilities in DRR.

关键词： Children with disabilities Disability concepts Disaster risk reduction Vulnerability

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Influence of data analysis when exploiting DFN model representation in the application of rock mass classification systems

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第6期10卷 1046-1062页

作者： Takako Miyoshi Davide Elmo steve Rogers NBK Institute of Mining University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Golder Associates Ltd. VancouverCanada

Discrete fracture network(DFN) models have been proved to be effective tools for the characterisation of rock masses by using statistical distributions to generate realistic three-dimensional(3 D) representations of a natural fracture network. The quality of DFN modelling relies on the quality of the field data and their interpretation. In this context, advancements in remote data acquisition have now made it possible to acquire high-quality data potentially not accessible by conventional scanline and window mapping. This paper presents a comparison between aggregate and disaggregate approaches to define fracture sets, and their role with respect to the definition of key input parameters required to generate DFN models. The focal point of the discussion is the characterisation of in situ block size distribution(IBSD) using DFN methods. An application of IBSD is the assessment of rock mass quality through rock mass classification systems such as geological strength index(GSI). As DFN models are becoming an almost integral part of many geotechnical and mining engineering problems, the authors present a method whereby realistic representation of 3 D fracture networks and block size analysis are used to estimate GSI ratings, with emphasis on the limitations that exist in rock engineering design when assigning a unique GSI value to spatially variable rock masses.

关键词： Data collection Discrete fracture network(DFN) Classification system Geological strength index(GSI)

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Comment on “A numerical investigation of the acoustic mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation”

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2016年第8期59卷 89-90页

作者： steve A.Horne Douglas Miller CanYun Wang Chevron Energy Technology Corporation London El4 4HA UK Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boston 02139 USA CNPC Logging Company Ltd Beijing 102206 China

In the paper"A numerical investigation of the acoustic mode waves in a deviated borehole penetrating a transversely isotropic formation"by Liu et al.[1]numerical experiments are reported for a dipole sonic logging scenario with a deviated borehole penetrating a VTI anisotropic *** such a situation it is important to clearly define the meaning of group and phase velocities as this has led to much confusion in the literature as discussed by Miller,Horne and Walsh[2].

关键词： penetrating Comment on isotropic borehole logging sonic confusion dipole deviation clearly

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Formulation and procedure for in situ stress back-analysis from borehole strain changes measured during nearby underground excavation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第8期15卷 1931-1943页

作者： Cui Lin D.H.steve Zou Mineral Resource Engineering Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada

Estimation of in situ stresses based on back-analysis of measured stress changes and displacements has become an alternative to the direct stress measurement *** order to help users conduct own measurement and analysis,this paper presents in detail a field stress back-analysis approach directly from borehole strain changes measured during nearby underground *** formulations in major steps and the procedure for the entire analysis process are provided to allow users to *** instrument for borehole strain change measurement can be the CSIR or CSIRO stress cells and other borehole strain cells that can measure strains on borehole *** changes corresponding to the stress changes at a borehole location are calculated in borehole *** stress changes due to nearby excavation can be calculated by an analytical model for a single circular opening and simulated by a numerical model for non-circular and multiple *** models are based on isotropic,homogeneous and linear elastic *** analysis of borehole strain changes is accomplished by multiple linear regression based on error minimization and an integrated process provides the best-fit solution directly to the in situ stresses.A statistical technique is adopted for screening outliers in the measurement data,checking measurement compatibility and evaluating the reliability of analysis *** application example is included to demonstrate the practical application and the analysis procedure.

关键词： In situ stress field Back-analysis Borehole strain change Multiple linear regression Underground excavation Data compatibility Result reliability

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Composites recycling solutions for the aviation industry

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2017年第9期60卷 1291-1300页

作者： WONG Kok RUDD Chris PICKERING steve LIU XiaoLing Ningbo Nottingham International Academy for the Marine Economy and Technology University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 China Ningbo Nottingham New Materials Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo 315100 China Division of Materials Mechanics and Structures Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham UK

Ten of thousands of aircraft are expected to retire in the next 20 *** manufacturers are gearing up for a new wave of recycling challenges as these aircrafts contain significant higher amount of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite,which cannot be recycled by the conventional processes designed for metallic *** manufacturers have been working with the recycling industry to limit unsustainable dismantling that is harmful to the environment and the potential liability risk of re-entry of un-certified salvaged parts back to the aviation *** organised recycling network and procedures have already been set up for the conventional metallic alloys and will soon be required to include the composite *** paper reports the existing aircraft recycling practice and reviews the key recycling technologies for thermoset *** consumptions of these technologies are sought from the literature and are reported in this *** in development of reuse options for the recycled fibre is also included with discussion of their advantages and *** challenge of working with the fluffy fibre is considered and the benefit of fibre alignment is highlighted for encouraging a widespread use of the fibre.

关键词： composite recycling carbon fibre aviation

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