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Direct farm, production base, traceability and food safety in China

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2380-2390页

作者： DING Ji-ping HUANG Ji-kun JIA Xiang-ping BAI Jun-fei steve Boucher Michael Carter Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Economics & Management Northwest A&F University College of Economics and Management China Agricultural University Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California

With the rapid growth of China＇s economy, rising demand for safety food has been accompanied by frequent food safety scandals. Given that China＇s farming is dominated by millions of small-scale farms, ensuring food safety is a major challenge facing the public and private sectors. The direct farm （DF） program, initiated in 2008, represents one of the government＇s major initiatives to modernize the distribution of fresh fruit and vegetables （FFV） and improve food safety. Under the DF program, participating national and international retailers are expected to establish more direct procurement relationships with farm communities. While it is often claimed that greater participation by retailers in the production and post-harvest processing implied the DF program will lead to improved quality, safety and traceability, systematic evidence remains elu- sive as existing studies are largely narrative, based on case studies, or theoretical inference. Little empirical evidence is available for a broader evaluation of the DF program. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the overall performance of a single retailer＇s DF experience with respect to the procurement and food safety of FFV. We use data from a survey of production managers of 35 DF production bases （PBs） spread across 11 provinces, 3 cities and 1 autonomous region in China. The results show a mixture of opportunities and challenges. On one hand, the DF program improves production practices and distribution channels of FFV produced on its PBs, thus facilitating the move of China＇s food system towards improved food safety compliance. On the other hand, significant heterogeneity in the traceability of food and the ability of DF to meet higher safety standards is evident both across major product categories and across household-operated vs. firm-operated PBs. The paper concludes with policy implications.

关键词： direct farm production base marketing chain traceability food safety

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Neurodegenerative diseases:a hotbed for splicing defects and the potential therapies

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第2期10卷 195-212页

作者： Dunhui Li Craig Stewart McIntosh Frank Louis Mastaglia steve Donald Wilton May Thandar Aung-Htut Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological DisordersThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia

Precursor messenger RNA(pre-mRNA)splicing is a fundamental step in eukaryotic gene expression that systematically removes non-coding regions(introns)and ligates coding regions(exons)into a continuous message(mature mRNA).This process is highly regulated and can be highly flexible through a process known as alternative splicing,which allows for several transcripts to arise from a single gene,thereby greatly increasing genetic plasticity and the diversity of *** splicing is particularly prevalent in neuronal cells,where the splicing patterns are continuously changing to maintain cellular homeostasis and promote neurogenesis,migration and synaptic *** continuous changes in splicing patterns and a high demand on many cis-and trans-splicing factors contribute to the susceptibility of neuronal tissues to splicing *** resultant neurodegenerative diseases are a large group of disorders defined by a gradual loss of neurons and a progressive impairment in neuronal *** of the most common neurodegenerative diseases involve some form of splicing defect(s),such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and spinal muscular *** growing understanding of RNA splicing has led to the explosion of research in the field of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide *** we review our current understanding of the effects alternative splicing has on neuronal differentiation,neuronal migration,synaptic maturation and regulation,as well as the impact on neurodegenerative *** will also review the current landscape of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides as a therapeutic strategy for a number of common neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer’s disease Alternative splicing Splicing defects Antisense oligonucleotides Splice-switching Disease-modifying treatment

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Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters,Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2013年第2期31卷 267-281页

作者： Sonia MUNIR Zaib-un-nisa BURHAN Tahira NAZ P.J.A.SIDDIQUI steve L.MORTON Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi-75270Pakistan National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations 219 Fort Johnson RoadCharleston SC29412USA

Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos （Prorocentrales） were studied from nutrient-rich waters, Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel, Pakistan during May 2002-July 2003. Using both light and scanning electron microscopy, 13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape, size, ornamentation of thecal plates, and architecture of apical platelets, apical pore area, marginal pores, and intercalary bands. P. sigmoides, P. arcuatum, P. scutellum, P. donghaiense, P. balticum, P. minimum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, P. faustiae, and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan. The most abundant species were P. minimum/P, balticum （4.5x103 cells/L）, P. micans （1.1~103 cells/L）, P. gracile/P, sigmoides （2.5 x 102 cells/L） and P. donghaiense （6.6 x 103 cells/L） at temperatures of 29-31 ~C and salinities of 35-40. Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer. There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters. Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp. and temperature （R2=0.27） and negative correlations with salinity （R2=-0.32） except for P. minimum and P. emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature （R2=-0.24） and positive with salinity （R2=0.08, 0.19）. The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region.

关键词： ecology morphology planktonic/benthic Prorocentrales harmful algae scanning electronaaicroscopy northern Arabian Sea

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Using Differential Reinforcement in the Presence of Stressors to Teach Self Calming

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Psychology Research 2022年第2期12卷 66-74页

作者： steve Ward Whole Child Consulting DunnellonFloridaUnited States of America

Anxiety is a problem affecting 31%of Americans(NIMH,2017),especially people diagnosed with Autism Spectrum *** popular treatments have demonstrated at least moderate efficacy with various populations,though most require the learner to demonstrate significant verbal *** current study tested the efficacy of a selectionist intervention combining systematic desensitization,positive feedback,and temporary interruption of positive feedback contingent upon indices of stress for the treatment of two stressors for one student diagnosed with Severe(Level 1)Autism Spectrum Disorder,with minimal verbal *** treatment package has come to be known,colloquially,as“calm counts”.

关键词： anxiety shaping calming

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The cross-cutting contribution of the end of neglected tropical diseases to the sustainable development goals

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 634-653页

作者： Mathieu Bangert David H.Molyneux steve W.Lindsay Christopher Fitzpatrick Dirk Engels Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health Organization20 Avenue Appia1211 GenevaSwitzerland Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Department of Biosciences Durham UniversityDurhamUK

The Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)call for an integrated response,the kind that has defined Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)efforts in the past *** interventions have the greatest relevance for SDG3,the health goal,where the focus on equity,and its commitment to reaching people in need of health services,wherever they may live and whatever their circumstances,is fundamentally aligned with the target of Universal Health *** interventions,however,also affect and are affected by many of the other development areas covered under the 2030 *** such as mass drug administration or the programmatic integration of NTD and WASH activities(SDG6)are driven by effective global partnerships(SDG17).Intervention against the NTDs can also have an impact on poverty(SDG1)and hunger(SDG2),can improve education(SDG4),work and economic growth(SDG8),thereby reducing inequalities(SDG10).The community-led distribution of donated medicines to more than 1 billion people reinforces women’s empowerment(SDG5),logistics infrastructure(SDG9)and non-discrimination against disability(SDG16).Interventions to curb mosquito-borne NTDs contribute to the goals of urban sustainability(SDG11)and resilience to climate change(SDG13),while the safe use of insecticides supports the goal of sustainable ecosystems(SDG15).Although indirectly,interventions to control waterand animal-related NTDs can facilitate the goals of small-scale fishing(SDG14)and sustainable hydroelectricity and biofuels(SDG7).NTDs proliferate in less developed areas in countries across the income spectrum,areas where large numbers of people have little or no access to adequate health care,clean water,sanitation,housing,education,transport and *** scoping review assesses how in this context,ending the epidemic of the NTDs can impact and improve our prospects of attaining the SDGs.

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Sustainable development goals

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Why Can’t Canada Spend More on Mental Health?

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Health 2014年第8期6卷 684-690页

作者： steve Lurie Canadian Mental Health Association Toronto Branch Toronto Canada

The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that mental illness accounts for 13% of the world’s disease burden, yet most countries under invest despite the social and economic costs of mental illness. It has been suggested that this lack of investment may be a result of stigma. A number of high income countries invest 10% or more in their mental health services. Although Canada is a high income country, its mental health spending is 7.2% according to the WHO Mental Health Atlas. This article will review the factors influencing Canada and its provinces’ under investment in mental health, compare its performance with other countries and make the case on why and how this could change.

关键词： Funding Mental Health Policy Investment

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别笑！我也要说一口流利的英语

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作者： (韩)沈载京 (美)steve·Choe

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The impact of alloantibodies directed against the second donor on long-term outcomes of repeat liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第3期8卷 246-252页

作者： Qingyong Xu Brad Shrum steve Leckie Anton Skaro Vivian C.McAlister Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada Department of Surgery University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada

Background:Despite reports that associate donor specific antibody(DSA)with rejection after liver transplantation,grafts are still allocated according to blood group(ABO)but not human leukocyte antigen(HLA)compatibility,possibly due to the absence of an easily discernible clinical association between adverse recipient outcome and ***-transplantation provides a test environment where the presence of preformed DSA is prevalent and its effect on outcome should be ***:All patients undergoing a second liver transplantation with available pre-operative serum were included with the exception of ABO incompatible or multiple organ *** sera were tested for anti-HLA antibodies with Luminex-based solid phase ***-HLA antibodies to the second donor(D2SA)were determined using antibodies specificity and HLA typing of 2nd liver ***:Preformed HLA antibodies directed to second liver transplantation(D2SA)were found in 31(39%)of the 79 patients that were included in the *** and re-transplantation characteristics were similar in both subgroups except first graft survival which was significantly shorter in recipients who are negative for *** survival of the second graft was similar in D2SA+and D2SA?cohorts[8.55(range,0.01–24.74)vs.7.56(range,0–23.53)years respectively,P=0.574].Mean patient survival after 2nd liver transplantation was similar in D2SA+and D2SA?cohorts[9.11(range,0.01–24.74)vs.8.10(range,0–23.53)years respectively,P=0.504].Subgroup univariate analysis demonstrated no detrimental effect of class,locus,or strength of D2SA on survival of the second liver *** multivariate cox regression model,neither class I D2DSA(HR=1.101,P=0.92)nor class II D2SA(HR=1.74,P=0.359)were significant risks of graft ***:Presence of D2SA was not found to be associated with inferior outcomes in this retrospective cohort study of liver re-transplantation suggesting that changes to the allocation system are not requ

关键词： Donor-specific antibodies(DSA) human leucocytes antigen(HLA) liver transplantation

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Precision based approach to tailoring radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of pediatric central nervous system tumors

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Journal of the National Cancer Center 2023年第2期3卷 141-149页

作者： Christina Phuong Bo Qiu Sabine Mueller steve E.Braunstein Department of Radiation Oncology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States of America Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States of America Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States of America

Modern day survivorship from childhood malignancies is estimated to be over 80%.However,central ner-vous system tumors remain the leading cause of cancer mortality in children and is the most common solid tumor in this *** survivorship is,in part,a result of improved multidisciplinary care,of-ten with a combination of surgery,radiation therapy,and systemic *** improved survival,long term effects of treatment and quality of life impacts have been recognized and pose a challenge to maxi-mize the therapeutic ratio of *** has been increasingly more apparent that precise risk stratifica-tion,such as with the inclusion of molecular classification,is instrumental in efforts to tailor radiotherapy for appropriate treatment,generally towards de-intensification for this vulnerable patient *** ad-dition,advances in radiotherapy techniques have allowed greater conformality and accuracy of treatment for those who do require radiotherapy for tumor *** efforts to tailor radiotherapy,including de-escalation,omission,or intensification of radiotherapy,continue to improve as increasing insight into tumor heterogeneity is recognized,coupled with advances in precision medicine employing novel molecularly-targeted therapeutics.

关键词： Pediatric malignancies Central nervous system Precision medicine Toxicity Multidisciplinary Molecular

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The Origin,Causes and Impacts of the 2013 Political Crisis in Central African Republic

The Origin,Causes and Impacts of the 2013 Political Crisis i...

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作者： JEAN-PAUL steve DARRYL KIRIMAT YAKOUROU GBEGBIYA 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

中非共和国(以下简称“中非”)的平民不断受到暴力犯罪的威胁。在除首都班吉以外的几乎所有地区,武装组织之间的战斗仍在继续。自2016年5月以来,武装组织发动的袭击,包括以前几乎没有发生过武装冲突的地区在内,已经造成数百人死亡,上万... 详细信息

中非共和国(以下简称“中非”)的平民不断受到暴力犯罪的威胁。在除首都班吉以外的几乎所有地区,武装组织之间的战斗仍在继续。自2016年5月以来,武装组织发动的袭击,包括以前几乎没有发生过武装冲突的地区在内,已经造成数百人死亡,上万人流离失所。中非当前的政治危机可以追溯到2013年3月24日,穆斯林团体塞雷卡叛军联盟推翻总统弗朗索瓦·博齐泽。塞雷卡的暴政导致了反巴拉卡组织的形成。目前中非国内局势暴力升级的根源不仅在于穆斯林和基督教社区之间的分歧,而且还在于各个武装组织之间经济利益和政治利益的变化。2017年5月,联合国维和特派团(MISCA)和联合国人权事务高级专员办事处调查发现,反巴拉卡和塞雷卡部队可能在2013-2016年间犯下战争罪和反人类罪。自2013年初以来,反巴拉卡组织和塞雷卡部队都针对平民使用了性暴力。

关键词：联合国维和武装组织中非危机任务

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